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Cultural Competency Models at the End of Life. 生命终结时的文化能力模型。
Cancer treatment and research Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-29923-0_2
Noah Pujanes-Mantor, Sorin Buga
{"title":"Cultural Competency Models at the End of Life.","authors":"Noah Pujanes-Mantor,&nbsp;Sorin Buga","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-29923-0_2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-29923-0_2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This chapter examines the need and importance of cultural competency in providing End of Life care. The United States is diverse in culture. As we evolve into a multiethnic society, our healthcare providers must be able to manage this shift in establishing and providing care that is culturally appropriate and effective. Americans have the rights to provide autonomy and independent decision-making related to their healthcare; however, these core values may not align with ethnic and culturally diverse groups in the United States. Conflicts often lead to health disparities and resulting in care that is fragmented and inadequate. The difference in values result in improper management and miscommunication with patients and families that significantly affect care, especially during end-of-life.</p>","PeriodicalId":9486,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment and research","volume":"187 ","pages":"17-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41232541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
End-of-Life Doulas. 生命的终结杜拉斯。
Cancer treatment and research Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-29923-0_21
Debbie Salgia, Sari Williams
{"title":"End-of-Life Doulas.","authors":"Debbie Salgia,&nbsp;Sari Williams","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-29923-0_21","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-29923-0_21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Doula is a Greek word meaning \"woman caregiver\", and an \"experienced woman who helps other women\" [4].</p>","PeriodicalId":9486,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment and research","volume":"187 ","pages":"305-311"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41232545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
RNA Modifications in Cancer Metabolism and Tumor Microenvironment. 癌症代谢和肿瘤微环境中的 RNA 修饰
Cancer treatment and research Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-45654-1_1
Ying Qing, Dong Wu, Xiaolan Deng, Jianjun Chen, Rui Su
{"title":"RNA Modifications in Cancer Metabolism and Tumor Microenvironment.","authors":"Ying Qing, Dong Wu, Xiaolan Deng, Jianjun Chen, Rui Su","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-45654-1_1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-45654-1_1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>RNA modifications have recently been recognized as essential posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression in eukaryotes. Investigations over the past decade have revealed that RNA chemical modifications have profound effects on tumor initiation, progression, refractory, and recurrence. Tumor cells are notorious for their robust plasticity in response to the stressful microenvironment and undergo metabolic adaptations to sustain rapid cell proliferation, which is termed as metabolic reprogramming. Meanwhile, cancer-associated metabolic reprogramming leads to substantial alterations of intracellular and extracellular metabolites, which further reshapes the tumor microenvironment (TME). Moreover, cancer cells compete with tumor-infiltrating immune cells for the limited nutrients to maintain their proliferation and function in the TME. In this chapter, we review recent interesting findings on the engagement of epitranscriptomic pathways, especially the ones associated with N<sup>6</sup>-methyladenosine (m<sup>6</sup>A), in the regulation of cancer metabolism and the surrounding microenvironment. We also discuss the promising therapeutic approaches targeting RNA modifications for anti-tumor therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":9486,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment and research","volume":"190 ","pages":"3-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138797752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cancer Chemoresistance; Recent Challenges and Future Considerations. 癌症药物抗性;最近的挑战和未来的考虑。
Cancer treatment and research Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-27156-4_12
Muhammad Adil, Shamsa Kanwal, Sarmad Rasheed, Mavara Iqbal, Ghazanfar Abbas
{"title":"Cancer Chemoresistance; Recent Challenges and Future Considerations.","authors":"Muhammad Adil,&nbsp;Shamsa Kanwal,&nbsp;Sarmad Rasheed,&nbsp;Mavara Iqbal,&nbsp;Ghazanfar Abbas","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-27156-4_12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27156-4_12","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer remains one of the serious health hazards and major causes of human mortality across the world. Despite the development of many typical antineoplastic drugs and introduction of novel targeted agents, chemoresistance constitutes a major challenge in the effective therapeutic management of cancer. Drug inactivation, efflux of anticancer agents, modification of target sites, enhanced repair of DNA damage, apoptosis failure and induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition are the principal mechanisms of cancer chemoresistance. Moreover, epigenetics, cell signaling, tumor heterogeneity, stem cells, microRNAs, endoplasmic reticulum, tumor microenvironment and exosomes have also been implicated in the multifaceted phenomenon of anticancer drug resistance. The tendency of resistance is either intrinsically possessed or subsequently acquired by cancerous cells. From clinical oncology standpoint, therapeutic failure and tumor progression are the most probable consequences of cancer chemoresistance. Combination therapy can help to overcome the issue of drug resistance, and therefore, the development of such treatment regimens is recommended for counteracting the emergence and dissemination of cancer chemoresistance. This chapter outlines the current knowledge on underlying mechanisms, contributory biological factors and likely consequences of cancer chemoresistance. Besides, prognostic biomarkers, diagnostic methods and potential approaches to overcome the emergence of antineoplastic drug resistance have also been described.</p>","PeriodicalId":9486,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment and research","volume":"185 ","pages":"237-253"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9623701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Transforming Diagnosis and Therapeutics Using Cancer Genomics. 利用癌症基因组学改变诊断和治疗。
Cancer treatment and research Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-27156-4_2
Sabba Mehmood, Shaista Aslam, Erum Dilshad, Hammad Ismail, Amna Naheed Khan
{"title":"Transforming Diagnosis and Therapeutics Using Cancer Genomics.","authors":"Sabba Mehmood,&nbsp;Shaista Aslam,&nbsp;Erum Dilshad,&nbsp;Hammad Ismail,&nbsp;Amna Naheed Khan","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-27156-4_2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27156-4_2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In past quarter of the century, much has been understood about the genetic variation and abnormal genes that activate cancer in humans. All the cancers somehow possess alterations in the DNA sequence of cancer cell's genome. In present, we are heading toward the era where it is possible to obtain complete genome of the cancer cells for their better diagnosis, categorization and to explore treatment options.</p>","PeriodicalId":9486,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment and research","volume":"185 ","pages":"15-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9629777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Formulating Management Strategies Using Fast-and-Frugal Trees (A Decision Tool to Transform Clinical Practice Guidelines and Clinical Pathways into Decision Support at the Point of Care). 使用快速和节俭树制定管理策略（将临床实践指南和临床路径转化为护理点决策支持的决策工具）。
Cancer treatment and research Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-37993-2_5
Benjamin Djulbegovic, Iztok Hozo
{"title":"Formulating Management Strategies Using Fast-and-Frugal Trees (A Decision Tool to Transform Clinical Practice Guidelines and Clinical Pathways into Decision Support at the Point of Care).","authors":"Benjamin Djulbegovic,&nbsp;Iztok Hozo","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-37993-2_5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37993-2_5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Clinical management is rarely based on the collection of one data item. Instead, it is typically characterized by the continuous collection and evaluation of clinical data (symptoms, signs, laboratory, imaging tests, etc.) to establish a platform for further management decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":9486,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment and research","volume":"189 ","pages":"67-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41094401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Making Decisions When no Further Diagnostic Testing is Available (Expected Regret Theory Threshold Model). 当没有进一步的诊断测试可用时做出决策（期望回归理论阈值模型）。
Cancer treatment and research Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-37993-2_3
Benjamin Djulbegovic, Iztok Hozo
{"title":"Making Decisions When no Further Diagnostic Testing is Available (Expected Regret Theory Threshold Model).","authors":"Benjamin Djulbegovic,&nbsp;Iztok Hozo","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-37993-2_3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37993-2_3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In Chap. 2 , we illustrated the application of the expected utility theory (EUT) to rational decision-making when no further diagnostic testing is available. In this chapter, we apply regret theory to the decision problems discussed in Chap. 2 .</p>","PeriodicalId":9486,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment and research","volume":"189 ","pages":"39-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41094402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Which Threshold Model? 哪个阈值模型？
Cancer treatment and research Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-37993-2_8
Benjamin Djulbegovic, Iztok Hozo
{"title":"Which Threshold Model?","authors":"Benjamin Djulbegovic,&nbsp;Iztok Hozo","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-37993-2_8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37993-2_8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As outlined in the Preface (and Chap. 1 and other chapters), this book espoused two fundamental views. The first view consists of the proposal that the threshold model represents a method to address the Sorites paradox, which is a consequence of a relationship between scientific evidence (that exists on a continuum of credibility) and decision-making (that is categorical, yes/no exercises).</p>","PeriodicalId":9486,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment and research","volume":"189 ","pages":"93-99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41178120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Demystifying Prognosis : Understanding the Science and Art of Prognostication. 揭开预测的神秘面纱：理解预测的科学和艺术。
Cancer treatment and research Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-29923-0_5
Shauna Gibbons, Christian T Sinclair
{"title":"Demystifying Prognosis : Understanding the Science and Art of Prognostication.","authors":"Shauna Gibbons,&nbsp;Christian T Sinclair","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-29923-0_5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-29923-0_5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The science of prognostication is emerging as a vital part of providing goal concordant patient care. Historically, modern medicine has tended to shy away from approaching prognostication as a core clinical skill, and prognosis as something to be shared directly with the patient. In recent years however, the medical field's shift towards a focus on patient autonomy and more openness in matters regarding end of life has propelled the study of prognostication into a more essential component of patient centered care. This calls for more emphasis on teaching the science of prognosis and the skill of prognostication as a core part of modern medical education. The following chapter aims to delve into the science of prognostication, explore the methods of formulating a prognosis, and discuss issues surrounding the communication of prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":9486,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment and research","volume":"187 ","pages":"53-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41232543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Understanding End of Life Nursing Practices and End of Life Across Cultures. 理解生命终结护理实践和跨文化的生命终结。
Cancer treatment and research Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-29923-0_10
Betty Ferrell, William E Rosa
{"title":"Understanding End of Life Nursing Practices and End of Life Across Cultures.","authors":"Betty Ferrell,&nbsp;William E Rosa","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-29923-0_10","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-29923-0_10","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nurses are the largest group of health and social care professionals globally and they are central to the provision of palliative care.</p>","PeriodicalId":9486,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment and research","volume":"187 ","pages":"137-149"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41232559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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