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Spiritual Care. 精神关怀。
Cancer treatment and research Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-29923-0_20
Aleksandr Lewicki
{"title":"Spiritual Care.","authors":"Aleksandr Lewicki","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-29923-0_20","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-29923-0_20","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The qualitative experience of sickness and death matters. Modern medicine has made important strides in addressing physical-and to some extent psychological-suffering at the end of life, but biomedical models are not properly equipped to respond to spiritual distress. Medical professionals and spiritual care professionals have an obligation, grounded in the bioethical principle of beneficence, to address all forms of suffering and to advocate for better dying. At the same time, they must approach care from a patient-centered standpoint that avoids spiritual or medical paternalism. The bond that clinicians and patients form through discussing and addressing spiritual distress allows patients to develop a clearer perspective of how their values can be best honored by the medical care team. Ultimately, modern individuals, caught between the dizzying array of possible life choices and the inevitability of mortality, experience immense spiritual need. The drive to care for these needs among dying individuals is a worthwhile pursuit, and traditional ideas of spirituality must expand to meet the needs of the modern individual.</p>","PeriodicalId":9486,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment and research","volume":"187 ","pages":"287-304"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41232556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Development of PARP Inhibitors in Targeting Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer. PARP抑制剂治疗去势抵抗性前列腺癌的研究进展
Cancer treatment and research Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-30065-3_7
Kent W Mouw, Atish D Choudhury
{"title":"Development of PARP Inhibitors in Targeting Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.","authors":"Kent W Mouw, Atish D Choudhury","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-30065-3_7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-30065-3_7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Prostate cancer is a genetically heterogenous disease and a subset of prostate tumors harbor alterations in DNA damage and repair (DDR) genes. Prostate tumor DDR gene alterations can arise via germline or somatic events and are enriched in high-grade and advanced disease. Alterations in genes in the homologous recombination (HR) repair pathway are associated with sensitivity to PARP inhibition in breast and ovarian cancer, and data from recently completed randomized trials also demonstrate benefit of PARP inhibitor therapy in patients with advanced metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) and tumor HR gene alterations. PARP inhibitors have been investigated in first-line mCRPC in biomarker-selected and unselected populations, and are currently under study in earlier disease states in patients with DDR gene alterations. This chapter focuses on the current state of PARP inhibitor development in prostate cancer with particular emphasis on biomarkers and combination therapy approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":9486,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment and research","volume":"186 ","pages":"103-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136396509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
RNA Modifications in Hematologic Malignancies. 血液恶性肿瘤中的 RNA 修饰。
Cancer treatment and research Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-45654-1_6
Yashu Li, Wen Tian, Haojian Zhang
{"title":"RNA Modifications in Hematologic Malignancies.","authors":"Yashu Li, Wen Tian, Haojian Zhang","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-45654-1_6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-45654-1_6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chemical modifications on macromolecules such as DNA, RNA and proteins play important roles in almost all biological processes. The revival of RNA modification research began with the discovery of RNA modification machineries, and with the development of better techniques for characterizing and profiling these modifications at the transcriptome-wide level. Hematopoietic system is maintained by hematopoietic stem cells that possess efficient self-renewal capacity and the potential of differentiation into all lineages of blood cells, and the imbalance of this homeostasis frequently causes hematologic malignancies such as leukemia. Recent studies reveal that dysregulated RNA modifications play essential roles in hematologic malignancies. Herein, we summarize recent advances in some major RNA modifications, the detection methods, roles and mechanisms of these RNA modifications in hematologic malignancies.</p>","PeriodicalId":9486,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment and research","volume":"190 ","pages":"181-207"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138797758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Estimating the Benefit of Preoperative Systemic Therapy to Reduce the Extent of Breast Cancer Surgery: Current Standard and Future Directions. 估算术前系统治疗对减少乳腺癌手术范围的益处：当前标准与未来方向》。
Cancer treatment and research Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-33602-7_6
Giacomo Montagna
{"title":"Estimating the Benefit of Preoperative Systemic Therapy to Reduce the Extent of Breast Cancer Surgery: Current Standard and Future Directions.","authors":"Giacomo Montagna","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-33602-7_6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-33602-7_6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Once reserved for locally advanced tumors which were deemed inoperable at presentation, preoperative systemic therapy (PST) is nowadays increasingly used to treat early breast cancer. PST allows for in vivo assessment of tumor response, for tailoring of adjuvant systemic therapy and for de-escalation of breast and the axillary surgery. Increased rates of pathological complete response together with more accurate response assessment and surgical planning have led to a significant reduction in surgical morbidity. While surgical assessment remains the standard of care, ongoing studies are evaluating whether surgery can be omitted in patients who achieve a complete pathological response. In this chapter, I will review the impact of PST on surgical de-escalation and the data supporting the safety of this approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":9486,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment and research","volume":"188 ","pages":"149-174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139085985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Transversal Perspectives of Integrative Oncology Care in Gastric and Lobular Breast Cancer. 胃癌和叶状乳腺癌综合肿瘤治疗的横向视角。
Cancer treatment and research Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-33602-7_4
Emilio Francesco Giunta, Gianluca Arrichiello, Annalisa Pappalardo, Piera Federico, Angelica Petrillo
{"title":"Transversal Perspectives of Integrative Oncology Care in Gastric and Lobular Breast Cancer.","authors":"Emilio Francesco Giunta, Gianluca Arrichiello, Annalisa Pappalardo, Piera Federico, Angelica Petrillo","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-33602-7_4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-33602-7_4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The occurrence of gastric cancer has been associated with an increased risk of lobular breast tumors in a subset of patients harboring selected germline mutations. Among all, the germline alteration of the gene coding for E-Cadherin (CDH1) was associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer diffuse-histotype and lobular breast cancer. However, the risk assessment of breast neoplasms and the role of multiple prophylactic procedures in these patients has never been systematically addressed. In addition, the performance of the common screening procedures for lobular breast cancer like mammography is suboptimal. Therefore, recalling the need for a better articulation of the patient-centered strategies of surveillance for individuals with germline CDH1 and other similar alterations, to offer comprehensive approaches for prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment. Accordingly, this chapter aims to discuss the value and the role of integrated oncological care in the era of oncology sub-specializations. Additionally, it sheds light on how the harmonization across the health providers can enhance patient care in this setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":9486,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment and research","volume":"188 ","pages":"89-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139086006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Chemotherapy. 化疗。
Cancer treatment and research Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-27156-4_3
Mahabuba Binta Hossain, Aahil Hossain Haldar Neer
{"title":"Chemotherapy.","authors":"Mahabuba Binta Hossain,&nbsp;Aahil Hossain Haldar Neer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-27156-4_3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27156-4_3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chemotherapy is a widely recognized form of cancer treatment that uses cytotoxic drugs to treat varieties of cancer. In general, these drugs intend to kill the cancer cell and stop the reproduction of cancer cells by which they can prevent further growth and spread. The goals of chemotherapy can be curative or palliative or adjunctive increasing the efficacy of other treatments such as radiotherapy. Combination chemotherapy is commonly prescribed than monotherapy. Most of the chemotherapy drugs are delivered either via the intravenous route or in an oral form. There is a variety of chemotherapeutic agents and most commonly they are divided into several categories including anthracycline antibiotics, antimetabolites, alkylating agents, and plant alkaloids. All chemotherapeutic agents have various side effects. The most common side effects are fatigue, nausea, vomiting, mucositis, hair loss, dry skin, skin rash, bowel changes, anemia, and increase risk of acquiring infection. However, these agents can also cause inflammation of the heart, lungs, liver, kidney, neurons, and disturbance of coagulation cascade.</p>","PeriodicalId":9486,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment and research","volume":"185 ","pages":"49-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9626830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Osteosarcoma and Its Advancement. 骨肉瘤及其进展。
Cancer treatment and research Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-27156-4_8
Qazi Basit, Haniyah Saleem Qazi, Shumaila Tanveer
{"title":"Osteosarcoma and Its Advancement.","authors":"Qazi Basit,&nbsp;Haniyah Saleem Qazi,&nbsp;Shumaila Tanveer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-27156-4_8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27156-4_8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer with its high mortality rate is really hard to treat even in this era. Extensive research work is still required to overcome the threat caused by the disease. Currently, the treatment modality is based on the combination therapy, and diagnostics is dependent upon biopsy results. Once the stage of cancer is clear, the treatment is prescribed. To bring a successful treatment approach of patients with osteosarcoma, it requires multidisciplinary team approach including pediatric, medical and surgical oncologist, surgeons, pathologists, pain management, orthopedic oncologist, endocrinologist, and radiologists. Therefore, cancer treatment is to be performed in specialized hospitals able to provide access to all approaches with multidisciplinary team care.</p>","PeriodicalId":9486,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment and research","volume":"185 ","pages":"127-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9626832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hybrid and Dual-Processing Threshold Decision Models. 混合和双重处理阈值决策模型。
Cancer treatment and research Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-37993-2_7
Benjamin Djulbegovic, Iztok Hozo
{"title":"Hybrid and Dual-Processing Threshold Decision Models.","authors":"Benjamin Djulbegovic,&nbsp;Iztok Hozo","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-37993-2_7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37993-2_7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the previous chapters, we presented various derivations of the threshold model based on the same disease outcomes. We assumed that a decision-maker would calculate the threshold based on either mortality or morbidity outcomes. Basinga and van den Ende derived the threshold by combining both mortality and morbidity outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9486,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment and research","volume":"189 ","pages":"85-92"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41115028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Using Decision Curve Analysis to Evaluate Testing and/or Predictive Modeling. 使用决策曲线分析来评估测试和/或预测建模。
Cancer treatment and research Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-37993-2_6
Benjamin Djulbegovic, Iztok Hozo
{"title":"Using Decision Curve Analysis to Evaluate Testing and/or Predictive Modeling.","authors":"Benjamin Djulbegovic,&nbsp;Iztok Hozo","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-37993-2_6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37993-2_6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this chapter, we extend the threshold model to evaluate the value of diagnostic tests or predictive models over a range of all possible thresholds by using decision curve analysis (DCA). DCA has been developed within the expected utility theory (EUT) and expected regret theory (ERT) framework.</p>","PeriodicalId":9486,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment and research","volume":"189 ","pages":"77-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41120260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Celebrations of Death. 死亡庆典。
Cancer treatment and research Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-29923-0_22
Charles Pohl, Lynne Le Holsclaw
{"title":"Celebrations of Death.","authors":"Charles Pohl,&nbsp;Lynne Le Holsclaw","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-29923-0_22","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-29923-0_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Across the world, societies have developed different customs, traditions, and practices to memorialize the death of a loved one. Commemorations vary greatly between cultures, and may incorporate different intensities of grieving and celebration. We have selected six unique cultural observances for the deceased which have found beauty and celebration in death.</p>","PeriodicalId":9486,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment and research","volume":"187 ","pages":"313-319"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41232538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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