Cancer treatment and research最新文献_第9页

Cancer treatment and research Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-27156-4_6

Muhammad Rizwan Tariq, Shinawar Waseem Ali, Sehar Anam Khan, Roshan Yamen, Sara Iqbal, Waseem Safdar, Muhammad Naveed Sheas

引用次数: 0

Targeted Therapy and Personalized Medicine. 靶向治疗和个性化医疗。

Cancer treatment and research Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-27156-4_10

Rida Fatima Saeed, Uzma Azeem Awan, Sidra Saeed, Sara Mumtaz, Nosheen Akhtar, Shaista Aslam

{"title":"Targeted Therapy and Personalized Medicine.","authors":"Rida Fatima Saeed, Uzma Azeem Awan, Sidra Saeed, Sara Mumtaz, Nosheen Akhtar, Shaista Aslam","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-27156-4_10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27156-4_10","url":null,"abstract":"Targeted therapy and personalized medicine are novel emerging disciplines of cancer research intended for treatment and prevention. One of the most significant advancements in modern oncology is the shift from an organ-centric strategy to a personalized strategy guided by deep molecular analysis. This shift in view, which focuses on the tumour's precise molecular changes, has paved the way for individualized treatment. Researchers and clinicians are using targeted therapies to select the best treatment available based on the molecular characterization of malignant cancer. In the treatment of a cancer, personalized medicine entails the use of genetic, immunological, and proteomic profiling to provide therapeutic alternatives as well as prognostic information about cancer. In this book, targeted therapies and personalized medicine have been covered for specific malignancies, including latest FDA-approved targeted therapies and it also sheds light on effective anti-cancer regimens and drug resistance. This will help to enhance our ability to conduct individualized health planning, make early diagnoses, and choose optimal medications for each cancer patient with predictable side effects and outcomes in a quickly evolving era. Various applications and tools' capacity have been improved for early diagnosis of cancer and the growing number of clinical trials that choose specific molecular targets reflects this predicament. Nevertheless, there are several limitations that must need to be addressed. Hence, in this chapter, we will discuss recent advancements, challenges, and opportunities in personalized medicine for various cancers, with a specific emphasis on target therapies in diagnostics and therapeutics.","PeriodicalId":9486,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment and research","volume":"185 ","pages":"177-205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9629778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Introduction and Overview of Cancer Therapeutics. 癌症治疗学的介绍和概述。

Cancer treatment and research Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-27156-4_1

Asma Saleem Qazi

引用次数: 0

Making Decisions When No Further Diagnostic Testing is Available. 当没有进一步的诊断测试可用时做出决定。

Cancer treatment and research Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-37993-2_2

Benjamin Djulbegovic, Iztok Hozo

引用次数: 0

Medical Decision-Making and Artificial Intelligence. 医疗决策与人工智能。

Cancer treatment and research Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-37993-2_9

Benjamin Djulbegovic, Iztok Hozo

引用次数: 0

Assessment and Response to Neoadjuvant Treatments in Breast Cancer: Current Practice, Response Monitoring, Future Approaches and Perspectives. 乳腺癌新辅助治疗的评估和反应：当前实践、反应监测、未来方法和前景。

Cancer treatment and research Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-33602-7_5

Vincenzo Sabatino, Alma Pignata, Marvi Valentini, Carmen Fantò, Irene Leonardi, Michela Campora

{"title":"Assessment and Response to Neoadjuvant Treatments in Breast Cancer: Current Practice, Response Monitoring, Future Approaches and Perspectives.","authors":"Vincenzo Sabatino, Alma Pignata, Marvi Valentini, Carmen Fantò, Irene Leonardi, Michela Campora","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-33602-7_5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-33602-7_5","url":null,"abstract":"Neoadjuvant treatments (NAT) for breast cancer (BC) consist in the administration of chemotherapy-more rarely endocrine therapy-before surgery. Firstly, it was introduced 50 years ago to downsize locally advanced (inoperable) BCs. NAT are now widespread and so effective to be used also at the early stage of the disease. NAT are heterogeneous in terms of therapeutic patterns, class of used drugs, dosage, and duration. The poly-chemotherapy regimen and administration schedule are established by a multi-disciplinary team, according to the stage of disease, the tumor subtype and the age, the physical status, and the drug sensitivity of BC patients. Consequently, an accurate monitoring of treatment response can provide significant clinical advantages, such as the treatment de-escalation in case of early recognition of complete response or, on the contrary, the switch to an alternative treatment path in case of early detection of resistance to the ongoing therapy. Future is going toward increasingly personalized therapies and the prediction of individual response to treatment is the key to practice customized care pathways, preserving oncological safety and effectiveness. To gain such goal, the development of an accurate monitoring system, reproducible and reliable alone or as part of more complex diagnostic algorithms, will be promising.","PeriodicalId":9486,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment and research","volume":"188 ","pages":"105-147"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139085983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Next-Generation Sequencing for Advanced Breast Cancer: What the Way to Go? 晚期乳腺癌的新一代测序：何去何从？

Cancer treatment and research Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-33602-7_13

Dario Trapani, Edoardo Crimini, José Sandoval, Giuseppe Curigliano

{"title":"Next-Generation Sequencing for Advanced Breast Cancer: What the Way to Go?","authors":"Dario Trapani, Edoardo Crimini, José Sandoval, Giuseppe Curigliano","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-33602-7_13","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-33602-7_13","url":null,"abstract":"The rapid implementation of precision medicine tools in diagnosing and treating breast cancer (BC) has widened the potential therapeutic options for patients. The applications of gene sequencing, including next-generation gene sequencing (NGS), have led to numerous questions on how to validate, implement, interpret, prioritize and operationalize precision medicine tools to deliver meaningful and impactful interventions. Limited benefit has been portended with earlier experiences of NGS-driven treatment, in BC. However, the development and use of frameworks of clinical actionability of genomic alterations, for example, detected with NGS, has resulted in better patient selection, and potentially higher therapeutic value. The European Society for Medical Oncology Scale for Clinical Actionability of molecular Targets (ESCAT) is a framework that includes five tiers of clinical actionability, with tier 1 reserved for approved drugs with demonstrated benefits for targetable genomic alterations. The re-analysis of clinical studies by grouping the genomic alterations and matched drugs with ESCAT, in high vs lower tiers has demonstrated a significant benefit portended by high tiers alterations, with the availability of efficacious treatments. As a result, frameworks for actionability, like ESCAT, should be fundamental in developing and implementing NGS-driven, and broadly, precision medicine research and treatments.","PeriodicalId":9486,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment and research","volume":"188 ","pages":"343-351"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139086003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Precise Approach for Radiotherapy of Breast Cancer. 乳腺癌放射治疗的精确方法。

Cancer treatment and research Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-33602-7_7

Samantha Sigurdson, Stephane Thibodeau, Martin Korzeniowski, Fabio Ynoe Moraes

引用次数: 0

Innovative Therapeutic Approaches for Patients with HER2-Positive Breast Cancer. 针对 HER2 阳性乳腺癌患者的创新治疗方法。

Cancer treatment and research Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-33602-7_10

Beatrice Taurelli Salimbeni, Emanuela Ferraro, Luca Boscolo Bielo, Giuseppe Curigliano

{"title":"Innovative Therapeutic Approaches for Patients with HER2-Positive Breast Cancer.","authors":"Beatrice Taurelli Salimbeni, Emanuela Ferraro, Luca Boscolo Bielo, Giuseppe Curigliano","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-33602-7_10","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-33602-7_10","url":null,"abstract":"Overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), a transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor, has been described in about 15-20% of breast cancer (BC) and is associated with poor outcomes. Trastuzumab is the first anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody (mAB) that blocks receptor activity but it also activates immune response against cancer cells, thus, revolutionizing the prognosis of patients with HER2-positive BC. Over the years, new therapies have been developed, including other mAbs and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) that required multimodal approaches with chemotherapy to optimize their anticancer activity. This chapter gives a comprehensive overview of the last advancements including new approaches and future combinations, which seem to be very promising in overcoming resistance to the traditional anti-HER2 treatments. A modern therapeutic algorithm should include treatment options based on tumour patterns and a patient-centred approach. A proper patient's selection is crucial to derive maximal benefits from a treatment strategy and emerging biomarkers should be integrated along with the HER2 status, which is currently the only validated biomarker in the context of HER2-positive disease. These biomarkers might include molecular features with reported prognostic/predictive significance, such as phosphatidylinositol 3' -kinase (PI3K) or mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (PD-L1), and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), which all affect prognosis and response to treatments.","PeriodicalId":9486,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment and research","volume":"188 ","pages":"237-281"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139086000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanisms of Endocrine Resistance in Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer. 激素受体阳性乳腺癌的内分泌抵抗机制

Cancer treatment and research Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-33602-7_9

Antonio Marra, Dario Trapani, Emanuela Ferraro, Giuseppe Curigliano

{"title":"Mechanisms of Endocrine Resistance in Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer.","authors":"Antonio Marra, Dario Trapani, Emanuela Ferraro, Giuseppe Curigliano","doi":"10.1007/978-3-031-33602-7_9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/978-3-031-33602-7_9","url":null,"abstract":"Hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer (BC) accounts for approximately 70% of all breast invasive tumors. Endocrine therapy (ET) represents the standard treatment for HR + BC. Most patients, however, eventually develop resistance to ET, which limits their effectiveness and poses a major challenge for the management of HR + BC. Several mechanisms that contribute to ET resistance have been described. One of the most common mechanisms is the upregulation of alternative signaling pathways that can bypass estrogen dependency, such as activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR as well as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and the insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) pathways. Another common mechanism of endocrine resistance is the acquisition of activating mutations of ESR1, which encodes for the estrogen receptor, that lead to structural changes of the receptor, prevent the binding to anti-estrogen drugs and result in constitutive activation of the receptor, even in the absence of estrogens. Epigenetic changes, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, can also contribute to ET resistance by altering the expression of genes that are involved in estrogen signaling. Understanding the mechanisms of resistance to ET is crucial for the development of new therapies that can overcome resistance and improve outcomes for patients with HR + BC.","PeriodicalId":9486,"journal":{"name":"Cancer treatment and research","volume":"188 ","pages":"219-235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139086001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0