Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies最新文献_第6页

The feminine endings *-ay and *-āy in Semitic and Berber 闪米特语和柏柏尔语中的女性词尾*-ay和*-āy

Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies Pub Date : 2018-03-28 DOI: 10.1017/S0041977X18000447

Marijn van Putten

引用次数: 5

Peter Jackson: Studies on the Mongol Empire and Early Muslim India . (Variorum Collected Studies Series.) xii, 334 pp. Farnham and Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2009. £70. ISBN 978 0 7546 5988 4. 彼得·杰克逊:蒙古帝国与早期穆斯林印度研究。(varorum collection Studies丛书)第十二卷，334页。法纳姆和伯灵顿，佛蒙特州:阿什盖特出版社，2009。£70。Isbn 978 0 7546 5988 4。

Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies Pub Date : 2010-06-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0041977X10000224

George Lane

引用次数: 0

Africa 非洲

Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies Pub Date : 2000-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0041977X0000879X

J. Mcilwaine

{"title":"Africa","authors":"J. Mcilwaine","doi":"10.1017/S0041977X0000879X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0041977X0000879X","url":null,"abstract":"the ' backwardness' of the Muslim population through' enlightened' leadership. Furthermore, the articulation of aspirations towards the establishment of an independent Moro nationstate emerged in the late 1960s as a (largely disingenuous) response by Muslim politicians displaced by the increasingly interventionist and centralizing tendencies of President Ferdinand Marcos. These politicians worked in tandem with a new generation of radicalized Muslim students (university-educated in Manila or at al-Azhar in Cairo) much as their Christian counterparts elsewhere in the Philippines (e.g. Senator Benigno Aquino, Jr.) did with the newly formed Communist Party of the Philippines (CPP) and its New People's Army (NPA). As McKenna shows, even the sectarian violence in Cotabato in the early 1970s was intertwined with these new extra-electoral tactics of ' traditional politicians', and ultimately the product of class, rather than ethno-religious, tensions and antagonisms. Whilst this historical backdrop is outlined with great care and considerable detail and documentation in the first seven chapters, the remainder of the book draws more on McKenna's ethnographic work and deals with more contemporary issues. Here he is keen to show how popular support for armed separatism (the MILF in particular) reflects less the ' hegemonic ideology' of elite notions of Moro ethno-nationalism than the vulnerability of ordinary Muslims to the predications of various armed groups (most notably the Armed Forces of the Philippines) and its interpretation of the appeal for ' Islamic unity' in terms of' the ideal of juridical equality for all Cotabato Muslims' (p. 282). McKenna is especially sensitive to the ways in which appeals to an undifferentiated ethno-religious ' national' unity must be understood as both masking and mediated by relations of inequality, domination, and exploitation. In his fine-grained account of sociological and political change in Cotabato, McKenna may underplay continuities and connections, drawing the lines between former smugglers, 'traditional politicians', rebel commanders, religious leaders (ulama and ustadz) far more sharply than even his own evidence suggests. But even here this reviewer suspects that McKenna knows more than he cares to reveal. This is an outstanding piece of scholarship— elegantly written, amply documented, thoroughly researched, and reflecting a critical engagement-with the existing academic literature and journalistic conventional wisdom, with questions of contemporary political salience, and with the realities of everyday life for poor Muslims in the southern Philippines. McKenna has made an important contribution to the study of Philippine politics, Islam in SouthEast Asia, nationalism and 'separatism', and hegemony and resistance more generally.","PeriodicalId":9459,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies","volume":"99 1","pages":"458 - 459"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75945447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

General 一般

Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies Pub Date : 2000-01-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0041977X00008806

Plaisier

{"title":"General","authors":"Plaisier","doi":"10.1017/S0041977X00008806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0041977X00008806","url":null,"abstract":"included from the well-known philosophers Wiredu (five texts) and Appiah, Sogolo, Gbadegesin (two texts each). Further prominent contributions include extracts from Oruka, Gyekye, Biko, and Senghor. All introductory sections to the chapters situate their topic in a South African context, thus creating a South African flair. The only recent South African reading, Maboge More's discussion of Outlaw and Appiah (364-74) deserves attention. This compilation is presented as an undergraduate coursebook; thus its major task is to introduce students into the field and provide guide-lines for further independent study. Given the circumstances mentioned, and the huge diversity of topics that has been treated in print within the last two decades, this is no mean task. So far there is no reader available which successfully combines introductory texts with a representative selection of readings. Unfortunately, the present work is equally unsuccessful. The handling of the material is not clearly developed and the introductions to most of the various subsections are less precise than would be desirable. The sensitive and well-researched critique of discourse on 'African thinking' by van Niekerk (52-85) is a notable exception. No general overview of the history and basic character of the debate on African philosophy is given anywhere in the reader, while the overall perspective remains somewhat ahistorical. Introducing the topical subsections, writers often vaguely 'adopt a position of midway' (207) without clarifying where and how they situate themselves between universalist and relativist positions. The outcome, sadly, is more confusion than orientation. No understanding or working definition of philosophy is given that would hold the various parts of the book together, and the status of ' philosophy' is not even discussed in the general introductory chapter by Biakolo. Instead, dated and mostly surmounted dichotomies between Africans and Europeans are highlighted yet again (savagecivilized, prelogical-logical, perceptualconceptual, oral-written, and religiousscientific). In fact, the uncritical use of labels such as 'primitive thought' situates Biakolo himself in the European intellectual past.","PeriodicalId":9459,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies","volume":"14 1","pages":"459 - 460"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87264999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Africa 非洲

Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies Pub Date : 1999-10-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0041977X00019145

引用次数: 0

General 一般

Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies Pub Date : 1999-10-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0041977X00019169

{"title":"General","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/S0041977X00019169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0041977X00019169","url":null,"abstract":"out via the totally state-controlled press and broadcasting, in the South intervention was more patchy. After reunification, an initial linguistic assault has given way to a semitolerance of traditionalistic and Western influences—not, pace Nguyen, a struggle between two camps of planners but one between Communist planners and an array of unplanned forces. The running down of the Turkish language reform is thoughtfully analysed by Boeschoeten: the growing influx of Westernisms and (surely a crucial phenonemon) the combination of ' foreign' and ' native' seems to bother no one except intellectuals, while the Kemalist doctrine of populism has all but failed to bring local dialects into the standard language; on the other hand, Islamic groups have not used language as a weapon and it is doubtful if they could. Meanwhile, Boeschoeten calls for study of the attitudes and practices of school teachers—a glaring gap, surely, in most work on language planning. Even in so politically charged a field as language planning, it is an editor's and publisher's duty to exclude patently misinformed or tendentious material. The chapter on the impact of Arab-Israeli negotiations on Arabic conflict terminology is riddled with anti-Israeli diatribes and political posturing, which hardly gives one any confidence in its sociolinguistic claims. Howlers abound: for ' the Jews of the world' in the late nineteenth century, Hebrew was not ' a foreign language' but, for most males, a heritage written language, indeed many were quite capable of conversing in it. For the Hebrew knowledge among Arabs today, it is far from limited (p. 419) to 'some old people who had lived and worked in Palestine before 1948', 'prisoners ... in Israeli camps' and ' specialists'—see, e.g., Amara and Spolsky, 'The diffusion and integration of Hebrew and English lexical items in the spoken Arabic of an Israeli village', Anthropological Linguistics 28, 1986, 43-54. As for the authors' claim (p. 423) that ' the underlying Jewish ideology has always been to have the land free from Arabs and Arabic', they are (not surprisingly) unable to cite any Israeli documentation to this effect; one wonders if they are even aware of the existence of an Arabic-medium school system in Israel. As every editor should, Clyne rounds off the volume by essaying a general model, of' undoing corpus planning', in which he addresses such questions as what gave rise to the undoing, what obstructed it, and how did the time dimension vary? I found his attempt at a fiveway categorization of language situations unenlightening and even confusing, and the theoretical scope of his conclusions rather limited. Most interesting are his claims concerning sources of authority: (a) not all planning is top-down, thus Turkish purification made much use of consultative processes; (b) it is often the media and schools that are most successful, e.g., Turkey, Norway; (c) language planning is often part of political democratization or radicalism, ","PeriodicalId":9459,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies","volume":"23 1","pages":"614 - 615"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85353856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

General 一般

Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies Pub Date : 1999-10-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0041977X00019170

William J. Urbrock, Christopher T. Begg, Eric J. Wagner, CR, B. Lang, D. Bosworth

{"title":"General","authors":"William J. Urbrock, Christopher T. Begg, Eric J. Wagner, CR, B. Lang, D. Bosworth","doi":"10.1017/S0041977X00019170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0041977X00019170","url":null,"abstract":"that children shift from reliance on semantic, pragmatic and frequency factors to a sense of structural transparency and saliency; and that several general children's deviations persist strongly among lower-class young teenagers and sometimes even into adulthood (for example, word-initial ' f' for ' p ' in verbs of the type pizer and past tense forms of the type niketi for standard nikiti). It is striking that there is no talk of gender skewing, of the type reported by Cheshire, in Trudgill (ed.), Sociolinguistic patterns in British English, 1978. Not surprisingly, other non-standard forms were typically juvenile, some almost vanishing by the age of five and others persisting for various lengths of time. Ravid devotes the majority of her book to a thoughtful discussion of her findings in terms of (a) interaction between structural opacity in the adult language and strategies of language acquisition, particularly rote memorization, linear simplicity (impeding stem alternations among very young children), formal consistency (thus generalizing three-letter roots across the entire root system), semantic transparency (thus reducing b/v, k/kh, p/f alternation) and saliency (tending, for example, to prefer the analytic to the synthetic); and (b) general factors arrayed in language change: opacity, consistency, salience, inertia and literacy. Here, Ravid articulates a notion of benefit weighed against the cost of offending such basic principles as markedness, of damage to the overall system or simple flouting of tradition. Her conclusion is that language change is due to the deviations not of young children but of older children, naive (i.e. less literate) speakers and naive (i.e. non-selfconscious) speech. One can agree with her analysis of the strategies involved, treating Hebrew acquisition like that of any other language; but I have strong reservations about the author's understanding of the creation of Modern Hebrew and of how this somehow makes for a very special case of language change. Quite simply, we have scant idea of what first-generation spoken Hebrew was like. It is clear that the first generation of Hebrew speaking Ashkenazim were adult males (of the first and particularly the second Aliyah), drawing on a passive proficiency in Hebrew, but we know little about the morphological features of the Hebrew they contrived to produce or indeed about the morphology or phonology of the Ashkenazi Hebrew they had read or heard in Europe—and the relationship between the two. (See for example Glinert, ' On the sources of modern colloquial Hebrew', Leshonenu, 55). The first generation of Hebrew-speaking children may in fact have acquired from their elders some of the persistent non-prescriptive forms that Ravid regards as juvenile formations. Indeed, the same may hold for some of the non-prescriptive forms prevalent among disadvantaged (sc. Sephardi) speakers; here, too, owing to the policy of settling Sephardi immigrants in largely immigrant Sephardi ne","PeriodicalId":9459,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies","volume":"11 1","pages":"615 - 616"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74418993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

General 一般

Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies Pub Date : 1999-10-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0041977X00019194

Cnc Operator, Mini Certicate

引用次数: 0

Africa 非洲

Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies Pub Date : 1999-06-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0041977X00017444

{"title":"Africa","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/S0041977X00017444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0041977X00017444","url":null,"abstract":"which is still practised—are largely distinguished by the occasion of their use. Thus proverbs, for instance, occur in other genres. Some genres may be signalled by speakers' formulae and fixed audience responses. The skilled bard appears able to use different forms, such as riddles, as part of his art. Other genres, such as curses and invocations addressed to those accused of sorcery deaths, may have supernatural power or on occasion transform status, as in esoteric songs at rites of passage. The author points out that his are superficial sketches, though he clearly assumes that a typology is necessary, if insufficient. Thus 'genres' are grouped descriptively rather than by attention to their performance effects in ways that I have suggested above. The only comprehensive Yaka term for all these activities ' signifie propos des ancetres' (p. 65) and includes visual and tactile techniques. N'soko points out that contemporary topics are frequent, but for the Yaka the original skills of creation derive from ancestors. Power, in English usage, can include the sense of creativity which in African cases is also often an active force. This is not an area developed by the author, though as I have suggested, the examples he gives might suggest a comparable set of Yaka beliefs, as does his comment that bards are like smiths. I wonder also, on the evidence given, if there are indigenous notions of such power, including supernatural power and sorcery, as neutral but active forces which can be deployed for good or bad. The term mvwdala is applied equally to an accompanying instrumentalist, and most of N'soko's exemplars were also skilled thumbpiano players. The verbal root -vwadJmeans 'give birth' and by extension, create or invent (p. 69). Bards pointed out that they were the midwives who brought forth words. Earlier bards would have lived permanently at court. Now they often have other jobs such as working in a store, for example. They say that they have hereditary power, preferably from the mother's side (though descent is patrilineal) and all whose provenance is known to the author came from royal clans; one, indeed, was the son of a king, but was disappointed in the succession contest. Once bound by conditions designed to exclude the non-chiefly, to autochthonous ' owners of the land' they are sycophantic collaborators. Their own verses are realistically sardonic: ' Le [veritable] chef adore les louanges du barde/et le barde adore les cadeaux du chef' (p. 72). Their influence is monitored by the ruler's relatives though N'soko adds that they can be private mediators and are ' parfois de grand conseillers occultes pour le roi' (p. 72). For N'soko, ' pouvoir' is pragmatically coercive, and he stresses that mbiimbi, praises, are supports for the ideology of rulers and social cohesion, which is perhaps better termed social control since the verses proclaim that all should be obedient to their appointed status. The presentation of this analysis is functionali","PeriodicalId":9459,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies","volume":"17 1","pages":"411 - 413"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87466817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Africa 非洲

Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies Pub Date : 1999-06-01 DOI: 10.1017/S0041977X00017420

R. Pankhurst

{"title":"Africa","authors":"R. Pankhurst","doi":"10.1017/S0041977X00017420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S0041977X00017420","url":null,"abstract":"Richard Pankhurst's contribution to The Peoples of Africa series will be a useful tool for students and general readers who are new to Ethiopian history. It is written in a readable style and the text is accompanied by illustrations, maps, a serviceable bibliography and a particularly helpful table of dates. It offers a comprehensive account of Ethiopia's past from the earliest times to the victory of the Ethiopian Peoples' Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) over Mangestu's regime in 1990. In the case of Ethiopia, beginning with the earliest times means just that. The Ethiopian Rift Valley is believed to be the cradle of humanity and the first chapter accordingly opens with an overview of hominid evolution. There are also brief sections on the geographical setting, the languages and religions of Ethiopia and early foreign contacts. The next chapter outlines what is known of the region in ancient times and charts the major events of the Aksumite era, including the conversion to Christianity in the fourth century. The eventual decline of the Aksumite state and the rise of a new dynasty, known as the Zagwe, are events so poorly documented that this period is frequently referred to as the Ethiopian Dark Ages. It is not known precisely when or why Aksum ceased to exist as a political entity and the chronology of the Zagwe era is one of the most controversial issues in Ethiopian history. The view presented here is the conventional one, which dates the rise of the Zagwe to the early twelfth century and regards this as a usurpation. The third chapter offers a brief account of the main events and achievements of the Zagwe period and the eventual overthrow of the dynasty in 1270, a turning-point that is still referred to as the Solomonic ' Restoration'. From this time on historical sources for Ethiopia increase and the next four chapters provide more detailed information, including accounts of the growing conflict between Christian Ethiopia and the Muslim states flanking its southern and eastern borders, which culminated in the early sixteenth century in the near destruction of the Christian kingdom; conflict with the Oromo people who began to migrate into Ethiopia at about the same time; the strengthening of diplomatic ties with Portugal, which resulted in a doomed Jesuit mission to convert Ethiopia to Roman Catholicism; and the founding of a new capital at Gondar. Chapter viii deals with the rise of Tewodros II (1855—68), who attempted to unify Ethiopia after the disintegration of centralized government which marked the decline of the Gondarine era in the later eighteenth century. With Tewodros we move into modern times and it is in these later sections that the book is particularly good, outlining clearly and concisely the increasingly convoluted relations between Ethiopia and the colonial powers of Europe. In particular, the account of the struggle to maintain Ethiopian independence against the aggressive encroachments of Italy, first during the re","PeriodicalId":9459,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies","volume":"5 1","pages":"410 - 410"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90598833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0