Brandon Bocklund, Aurélien Perron, Joseph T. McKeown, Kaila M. Bertsch
{"title":"Implementation of an extensible property modeling framework in ESPEI with applications to molar volume and elastic stiffness models","authors":"Brandon Bocklund, Aurélien Perron, Joseph T. McKeown, Kaila M. Bertsch","doi":"10.1016/j.calphad.2024.102720","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.calphad.2024.102720","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Property models are becoming more widely adopted by commercial Calphad databases, but they are not nearly as common in non-commercial or traditional academic Calphad databases. A primary driver is that user-friendly Calphad modeling tools that support property models are not widely available. Here we present new property modeling capabilities that have been implemented in ESPEI (the Extensible, Self-optimizing Phase Equilibrium Infrastructure). These capabilities include both generating property model parameters from data and improvements to the algorithmic selection of the most appropriate model from a series of candidates. Two illustrative examples are given that use ESPEI to fit different property models. First, we generate molar volume model parameters for Group IV, V, and VI refractory BCC alloys based on the model by Lu et al. (2005). Second, we demonstrate the extensibility of ESPEI’s property modeling capabilities by implementing a custom PyCalphad model for BCC elastic stiffness parameters to generate and compare parameters to the ones assessed by Marker et al. (2018) using the same data. Property models generated by ESPEI can be used in PyCalphad or further optimized with uncertainty quantification using ESPEI.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9436,"journal":{"name":"Calphad-computer Coupling of Phase Diagrams and Thermochemistry","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 102720"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141952880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kamalnath Kadirvel , Duchao Lv , Weisheng Cao , Shuanglin Chen , Fan Zhang , Yunzhi Wang , Jaimie Tiley , Xuxiao Li , Wenda Tan
{"title":"An integrated modeling framework with open architecture for phase field simulation of multi-component alloys","authors":"Kamalnath Kadirvel , Duchao Lv , Weisheng Cao , Shuanglin Chen , Fan Zhang , Yunzhi Wang , Jaimie Tiley , Xuxiao Li , Wenda Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.calphad.2024.102723","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.calphad.2024.102723","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>An integrated modeling framework (PanPhaseField) has been developed, which enables a direct and fast coupling between CALPHAD calculations and large-scale phase field simulations for multi-component alloys. It adopts an open architecture allowing for integration of user-defined phase field models in a plug-and-play manner by taking full advantage of the user-friendly graphical interface of Pandat software. The developed modeling platform becomes an enabling tool that can be used to simulate the evolution of spatially varying microstructures of industrial complex alloys for various engineering applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9436,"journal":{"name":"Calphad-computer Coupling of Phase Diagrams and Thermochemistry","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 102723"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141960592","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yufei Wang , Biao Hu , Yuchao Shi , Rui Zuo , Yuling Liu , Xinyue Lan , Yong Du
{"title":"Experimental investigation and thermodynamic assessment of the Ni–Zr–Y ternary system","authors":"Yufei Wang , Biao Hu , Yuchao Shi , Rui Zuo , Yuling Liu , Xinyue Lan , Yong Du","doi":"10.1016/j.calphad.2024.102724","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.calphad.2024.102724","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Through the integration of experimental investigations and thermodynamic modeling, a thorough exploration of the phase equilibria in the Ni–Zr–Y ternary system was undertaken. Twenty-six ternary alloys were meticulously prepared to study the isothermal sections at 500 and 700 °C, employing techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). The solubilities of Zr in the Ni–Y binary compounds and Y in the Ni–Zr binary compounds were measured. A ternary compound named τ (Ni<sub>2</sub>(Y, Zr)) was confirmed at 700 °C. Utilizing thermodynamic parameters of three binary systems and available experimental phase equilibria data from literature and this work, a thermodynamic assessment of the Ni–Zr–Y system was conducted using the CALPHAD (CALculation of PHAse Diagrams) approach. A set of thermodynamic parameters was obtained and the isothermal sections at 500, 597 and 700 °C were calculated, and the calculated results demonstrated a strong agreement with experimental data. The liquidus projection and reaction scheme of the Ni–Zr–Y system was predicted. This work can be used as a basis for the multicomponent thermodynamic database of Ni-based alloys.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9436,"journal":{"name":"Calphad-computer Coupling of Phase Diagrams and Thermochemistry","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 102724"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141629971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Dumaire , O. Walter , O. Beneš , J.-C. Griveau , E. Colineau , R.J.M. Konings , A.L. Smith
{"title":"Thermodynamic behavior of CrF2 corrosion product in the molten LiF-ThF4 salt system","authors":"T. Dumaire , O. Walter , O. Beneš , J.-C. Griveau , E. Colineau , R.J.M. Konings , A.L. Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.calphad.2024.102722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2024.102722","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This work examines the thermochemistry of the chromium difluoride CrF<span><math><msub><mrow></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math></span> corrosion product in the molten <figure><img></figure> fuel salt system. Through a combination of experimental investigations and thermodynamic modeling assessment, the study elucidates the thermodynamic properties, phase diagram equilibria, and overall thermodynamic behavior of CrF<sub>2</sub> corrosion product, following dissolution from a structural material to the molten salt fuel environment. In this work, two different synthesis methods were developed for pure CrF<sub>2</sub>, further allowing to experimentally measure the phase equilibria in the <figure><img></figure> , <figure><img></figure> , and <figure><img></figure> systems. Then, thermodynamic models were developed using the CALPHAD method based on the quasichemical model in the quadruplet approximation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9436,"journal":{"name":"Calphad-computer Coupling of Phase Diagrams and Thermochemistry","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 102722"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0364591624000646/pdfft?md5=c3d28cfcb6cc65705cf32daf2d1f67c3&pid=1-s2.0-S0364591624000646-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141479676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Experimental study of isothermal sections of the ZrO2–HfO2–Eu2O3 ternary diagram at 1500 °С and 1700 °С","authors":"Yu.V Yurchenko, O.A Kornienko, O.I. Olifan, A.V. Sameliuk, S.V. Yushkevych, M.V. Zamula","doi":"10.1016/j.calphad.2024.102721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2024.102721","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the present work the phase equilibria in a system of zirconium and hafnium dioxides and europium sesquioxide have been studied. The study was conducted at temperatures of 1700 °С and 1500 °С. Based on the results, isothermal sections at these temperatures were constructed. It was found that in the ZrО<sub>2</sub>–HfO<sub>2</sub>–Eu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> ternary system at temperatures of 1700 °С and 1500 °С solid solutions are formed on a monoclinic (M, space group <em>P2</em><sub><em>1</em></sub><em>/C</em>) modification of HfO<sub>2</sub>, a tetragonal (T, space group <em>P4</em><sub><em>2</em></sub><em>/nmc</em>) modification of ZrO<sub>2</sub>, cubic solid solutions ZrO<sub>2</sub> (HfO<sub>2</sub>) with a fluorite structure (F, space group <em>Fm3m</em>), C-type cubic solid solutions of Eu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> (space group <em>Ia-3</em>), solid solutions based on the monoclinic modification (B, space group <em>C2/m</em>) of Eu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, as well as an ordered phase with a pyrochlore structure of Eu<sub>2</sub>Zr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> (Eu<sub>2</sub>Hf<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>) (Py, space group <em>Fd-3m</em>). The phase boundaries and the unit cell parameters of the formed phases were determined. The studied isothermal sections of the ZrО<sub>2</sub>–HfO<sub>2</sub>–Eu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> system are characterized by the formation of continuous series of cubic solid solutions based on the phase with a pyrochlore structure. The formation of new phases in the ZrО<sub>2</sub>–HfO<sub>2</sub>–Eu<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> system at 1700 °С and 1500 °С was not observed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9436,"journal":{"name":"Calphad-computer Coupling of Phase Diagrams and Thermochemistry","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 102721"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0364591624000634/pdfft?md5=f9ca13748ef60e9bbceea4c2015eff18&pid=1-s2.0-S0364591624000634-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141479677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yohanes Hutabalian , Sinn-wen Chen , Wojciech Gierlotka
{"title":"Phase equilibria of binary Ag–Se and ternary Ag–Pb–Se systems","authors":"Yohanes Hutabalian , Sinn-wen Chen , Wojciech Gierlotka","doi":"10.1016/j.calphad.2024.102709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2024.102709","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ag–Se and Ag–Pb–Se are important material systems for thermoelectric applications, yet their phase equilibria and thermodynamic descriptions have not been studied extensively. This study experimentally determines the phase equilibria of isothermal sections at 550°C and 400°C. No ternary compound is found, and the third element's solubility in the binary compounds is negligible. The Ag–Se binary system is thermodynamically modeled using the Calphad method. Based on the experimental results in this work and those from the literature review. This study proposes the thermodynamic descriptions of the Ag–Pb–Se ternary system using the Calphad method for the first time. The isothermal sections, isopleth sections, and liquidus projection were calculated and compared with the experimental data, showing good agreement between the experimental results and thermodynamic calculation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9436,"journal":{"name":"Calphad-computer Coupling of Phase Diagrams and Thermochemistry","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 102709"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141323526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
X. Liu , J. Wang , Q.R. Yao , Y.S. Du , L.G. Zhang , G.H. Rao , H.Y. Zhou
{"title":"Experimental study of phase equilibria in Y–Co–Zr system at 600 °C and 800 °C","authors":"X. Liu , J. Wang , Q.R. Yao , Y.S. Du , L.G. Zhang , G.H. Rao , H.Y. Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.calphad.2024.102719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2024.102719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Phase equilibria of the Y–Co–Zr ternary system at 600 °C and 800 °C were studied for the first time using the diffusion couple technique and equilibrium alloy method with electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results reveal that the stable ternary intermetallic compounds were not found, while YCo<sub>2</sub> and Co<sub>2</sub>Zr are formed a continuous solid solution phase (Y, Zr)Co<sub>2</sub> with a Cu<sub>2</sub>Mg-type structure. The solid solubility of Zr in α-Y<sub>2</sub>Co<sub>17</sub>, YCo<sub>5</sub>, Y<sub>2</sub>Co<sub>7</sub>, α-YCo<sub>3</sub>, YCo and Y<sub>3</sub>Co at 800 °C was determined to be 5.6, 2.4, 9.4, 18.0, 1.4 and 1.4 at.%, respectively, while the solid solubility of Y in Co<sub>23</sub>Zr<sub>6</sub>, CoZr and CoZr<sub>3</sub> was measured to be 6.4, 6.3 and 2.6 at.%. Meanwhile, the solid solubility of Zr in α-Y<sub>2</sub>Co<sub>17</sub>, YCo<sub>5</sub>, Y<sub>2</sub>Co<sub>7</sub>, α-YCo<sub>3</sub>, YCo, Y<sub>4</sub>Co<sub>3</sub>, Y<sub>3</sub>Co<sub>2</sub>, Y<sub>8</sub>Co<sub>5</sub> and Y<sub>3</sub>Co at 600 °C was measured to be 4.4, 3.0, 9.4, 17.2, 1.6, 1.6, 1.9, 1.9 and 3.2 at.%, respectively, while the solid solubility of Y in Co<sub>23</sub>Zr<sub>6</sub> and CoZr was measured to be 4.8 and 2.4 at.%. Two isothermal sections of the Y–Co–Zr ternary system at 600 °C and 800 °C were constructed finally. It provides the fundamental information for the development of high-performance Y–Co–Zr-based magnetic alloys.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9436,"journal":{"name":"Calphad-computer Coupling of Phase Diagrams and Thermochemistry","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 102719"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141302625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Courtney Kunselman , Brandon Bocklund , Axel van de Walle , Richard Otis , Raymundo Arróyave
{"title":"Analytically differentiable metrics for phase stability","authors":"Courtney Kunselman , Brandon Bocklund , Axel van de Walle , Richard Otis , Raymundo Arróyave","doi":"10.1016/j.calphad.2024.102705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2024.102705","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, a long-established but sparsely documented method of obtaining semi-analytic derivatives of thermodynamic properties with respect to equilibrium conditions is briefly reviewed and rigorously derived. This procedure is then leveraged to construct general forms of derivatives of the residual driving force, a metric for measuring phase stability used in CALPHAD model optimization, with respect to overall system and individual phase compositions. Applied examples – calculating heat capacity in the Al-Fe system, thermodynamic factors in the Nb-V-W system, and residual driving force derivatives in the Ni-Ti system – demonstrate the versatility, accuracy, and extensibility of this method. Using the developed method, residual driving force gradients can be applied directly in CALPHAD model optimizers, as well as in materials design frameworks, to identify regions of phase stability with an efficient, gradient-based approach.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9436,"journal":{"name":"Calphad-computer Coupling of Phase Diagrams and Thermochemistry","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 102705"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141290279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Caisheng Guo , Yuling Liu , Jing Tan , Yong Du , Wei Chen , Tengfei Deng
{"title":"Phase equilibria study and thermodynamic assessment of CaO–MgO–P2O5 system","authors":"Caisheng Guo , Yuling Liu , Jing Tan , Yong Du , Wei Chen , Tengfei Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.calphad.2024.102711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2024.102711","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The phase diagram of the CaO–MgO–P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> system was established by both experimental investigation and thermodynamic assessment. The presence of the contentious binary compound Ca<sub>4</sub>P<sub>6</sub>O<sub>19</sub> in the CaO–P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> system was confirmed. The phase relationships in the CaO–MgO–P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> system at temperature 1150 °C and 1200 °C were studied via high-temperature quenching experiments in conjunction with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA) techniques. The CaO–MgO–P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> system was critically evaluated and optimized by means of the CALPHAD (CALculation of PHAse Diagrams) methodology. The ionic two-sublattice model (Ca<sup>+2</sup>, Mg<sup>+2</sup>)<sub>P</sub> (O<sup>−2</sup>,PO<sub>3</sub><sup>−1</sup>,PO<sub>4</sub><sup>−3</sup>,PO<sub>7/2</sub><sup>−2</sup>,PO<sub>5/2</sub>)<sub>Q</sub> is used to describe the liquid phase in the CaO–MgO–P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> system due to the ionic nature of oxide melts and the presence of ions with different charges. A set of self-consistent thermodynamic parameters were obtained, showing good agreement between the experimental data and the calculated results. This study holds significant implications for guiding the manufacturing processes of phosphate ceramics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9436,"journal":{"name":"Calphad-computer Coupling of Phase Diagrams and Thermochemistry","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 102711"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141250559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yong Li , Chenchong Wang , Yu Zhang , Yuqi Zhang , Lingyu Wang , Yizhuang Li , Wei Xu
{"title":"Thermodynamically informed graph for interpretable and extensible machine learning: Martensite start temperature prediction","authors":"Yong Li , Chenchong Wang , Yu Zhang , Yuqi Zhang , Lingyu Wang , Yizhuang Li , Wei Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.calphad.2024.102710","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.calphad.2024.102710","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A common challenge in accelerated material design is to apply machine learning (ML) methods that can handle data with different structures and dimensions, and also provide physical interpretability. Unfortunately, most existing ML methods are ‘black box’ models incapable of providing physical interpretation or dealing with missing dimensions data that are often encountered in materials science. To overcome this challenge, we propose an interpretable and extensible machine learning framework based on thermodynamically informed graphs and deep data mining from graph neural networks. We demonstrate our framework on the problem of predicting the martensite start (M<sub>s</sub>) temperature, which depends on various factors (composition, austenite grain size, and outfield conditions). We construct a thermodynamically informed graph that captures the quantitative relationships between these factors and the M<sub>s</sub> temperature using limited and incomplete data. The prediction results indicate that our framework provides clear physical insights because the thermodynamic mechanisms are embedded in the thermodynamic representation graph. Our framework has several advantages: 1) it incorporates thermodynamic mechanisms into the graph structure, 2) it can handle missing dimensions data by filling in the gaps with graph information, and 3) it can be easily extended to new features without requiring much additional data for training. Moreover, we derive a general empirical equation for the M<sub>s</sub> temperature prediction from the trained graph neural networks for practical applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9436,"journal":{"name":"Calphad-computer Coupling of Phase Diagrams and Thermochemistry","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 102710"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141235071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}