X. Liu , J. Wang , Q.R. Yao , Y.S. Du , L.G. Zhang , G.H. Rao , H.Y. Zhou
{"title":"Experimental study of phase equilibria in Y–Co–Zr system at 600 °C and 800 °C","authors":"X. Liu , J. Wang , Q.R. Yao , Y.S. Du , L.G. Zhang , G.H. Rao , H.Y. Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.calphad.2024.102719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2024.102719","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Phase equilibria of the Y–Co–Zr ternary system at 600 °C and 800 °C were studied for the first time using the diffusion couple technique and equilibrium alloy method with electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results reveal that the stable ternary intermetallic compounds were not found, while YCo<sub>2</sub> and Co<sub>2</sub>Zr are formed a continuous solid solution phase (Y, Zr)Co<sub>2</sub> with a Cu<sub>2</sub>Mg-type structure. The solid solubility of Zr in α-Y<sub>2</sub>Co<sub>17</sub>, YCo<sub>5</sub>, Y<sub>2</sub>Co<sub>7</sub>, α-YCo<sub>3</sub>, YCo and Y<sub>3</sub>Co at 800 °C was determined to be 5.6, 2.4, 9.4, 18.0, 1.4 and 1.4 at.%, respectively, while the solid solubility of Y in Co<sub>23</sub>Zr<sub>6</sub>, CoZr and CoZr<sub>3</sub> was measured to be 6.4, 6.3 and 2.6 at.%. Meanwhile, the solid solubility of Zr in α-Y<sub>2</sub>Co<sub>17</sub>, YCo<sub>5</sub>, Y<sub>2</sub>Co<sub>7</sub>, α-YCo<sub>3</sub>, YCo, Y<sub>4</sub>Co<sub>3</sub>, Y<sub>3</sub>Co<sub>2</sub>, Y<sub>8</sub>Co<sub>5</sub> and Y<sub>3</sub>Co at 600 °C was measured to be 4.4, 3.0, 9.4, 17.2, 1.6, 1.6, 1.9, 1.9 and 3.2 at.%, respectively, while the solid solubility of Y in Co<sub>23</sub>Zr<sub>6</sub> and CoZr was measured to be 4.8 and 2.4 at.%. Two isothermal sections of the Y–Co–Zr ternary system at 600 °C and 800 °C were constructed finally. It provides the fundamental information for the development of high-performance Y–Co–Zr-based magnetic alloys.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9436,"journal":{"name":"Calphad-computer Coupling of Phase Diagrams and Thermochemistry","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 102719"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141302625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Courtney Kunselman , Brandon Bocklund , Axel van de Walle , Richard Otis , Raymundo Arróyave
{"title":"Analytically differentiable metrics for phase stability","authors":"Courtney Kunselman , Brandon Bocklund , Axel van de Walle , Richard Otis , Raymundo Arróyave","doi":"10.1016/j.calphad.2024.102705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2024.102705","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this work, a long-established but sparsely documented method of obtaining semi-analytic derivatives of thermodynamic properties with respect to equilibrium conditions is briefly reviewed and rigorously derived. This procedure is then leveraged to construct general forms of derivatives of the residual driving force, a metric for measuring phase stability used in CALPHAD model optimization, with respect to overall system and individual phase compositions. Applied examples – calculating heat capacity in the Al-Fe system, thermodynamic factors in the Nb-V-W system, and residual driving force derivatives in the Ni-Ti system – demonstrate the versatility, accuracy, and extensibility of this method. Using the developed method, residual driving force gradients can be applied directly in CALPHAD model optimizers, as well as in materials design frameworks, to identify regions of phase stability with an efficient, gradient-based approach.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9436,"journal":{"name":"Calphad-computer Coupling of Phase Diagrams and Thermochemistry","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 102705"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141290279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Caisheng Guo , Yuling Liu , Jing Tan , Yong Du , Wei Chen , Tengfei Deng
{"title":"Phase equilibria study and thermodynamic assessment of CaO–MgO–P2O5 system","authors":"Caisheng Guo , Yuling Liu , Jing Tan , Yong Du , Wei Chen , Tengfei Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.calphad.2024.102711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2024.102711","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The phase diagram of the CaO–MgO–P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> system was established by both experimental investigation and thermodynamic assessment. The presence of the contentious binary compound Ca<sub>4</sub>P<sub>6</sub>O<sub>19</sub> in the CaO–P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> system was confirmed. The phase relationships in the CaO–MgO–P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> system at temperature 1150 °C and 1200 °C were studied via high-temperature quenching experiments in conjunction with X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA) techniques. The CaO–MgO–P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> system was critically evaluated and optimized by means of the CALPHAD (CALculation of PHAse Diagrams) methodology. The ionic two-sublattice model (Ca<sup>+2</sup>, Mg<sup>+2</sup>)<sub>P</sub> (O<sup>−2</sup>,PO<sub>3</sub><sup>−1</sup>,PO<sub>4</sub><sup>−3</sup>,PO<sub>7/2</sub><sup>−2</sup>,PO<sub>5/2</sub>)<sub>Q</sub> is used to describe the liquid phase in the CaO–MgO–P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> system due to the ionic nature of oxide melts and the presence of ions with different charges. A set of self-consistent thermodynamic parameters were obtained, showing good agreement between the experimental data and the calculated results. This study holds significant implications for guiding the manufacturing processes of phosphate ceramics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9436,"journal":{"name":"Calphad-computer Coupling of Phase Diagrams and Thermochemistry","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 102711"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141250559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yong Li , Chenchong Wang , Yu Zhang , Yuqi Zhang , Lingyu Wang , Yizhuang Li , Wei Xu
{"title":"Thermodynamically informed graph for interpretable and extensible machine learning: Martensite start temperature prediction","authors":"Yong Li , Chenchong Wang , Yu Zhang , Yuqi Zhang , Lingyu Wang , Yizhuang Li , Wei Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.calphad.2024.102710","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.calphad.2024.102710","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A common challenge in accelerated material design is to apply machine learning (ML) methods that can handle data with different structures and dimensions, and also provide physical interpretability. Unfortunately, most existing ML methods are ‘black box’ models incapable of providing physical interpretation or dealing with missing dimensions data that are often encountered in materials science. To overcome this challenge, we propose an interpretable and extensible machine learning framework based on thermodynamically informed graphs and deep data mining from graph neural networks. We demonstrate our framework on the problem of predicting the martensite start (M<sub>s</sub>) temperature, which depends on various factors (composition, austenite grain size, and outfield conditions). We construct a thermodynamically informed graph that captures the quantitative relationships between these factors and the M<sub>s</sub> temperature using limited and incomplete data. The prediction results indicate that our framework provides clear physical insights because the thermodynamic mechanisms are embedded in the thermodynamic representation graph. Our framework has several advantages: 1) it incorporates thermodynamic mechanisms into the graph structure, 2) it can handle missing dimensions data by filling in the gaps with graph information, and 3) it can be easily extended to new features without requiring much additional data for training. Moreover, we derive a general empirical equation for the M<sub>s</sub> temperature prediction from the trained graph neural networks for practical applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9436,"journal":{"name":"Calphad-computer Coupling of Phase Diagrams and Thermochemistry","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 102710"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141235071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessment of the precipitation kinetics of Al3Sc and Al3Li in binary alloys using an improved cluster dynamics model","authors":"Senlin Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.calphad.2024.102708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2024.102708","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Precipitation is a natural phenomenon that is known to play an important role in the strengthening of Al–Li alloys. Cluster dynamics is powerful and effective in modeling the precipitation kinetics of precipitates in heat-treatable metallic materials, especially in the early stage. In this work, a cluster dynamics model with cluster mobility is further developed by redefining the effective monomer diffusivity for self-consistently modeling multicomponent and multiphase precipitation. The precipitation kinetic data for Al<sub>3</sub>Sc in Al–Sc binary alloys and Al<sub>3</sub>Li in Al–Li binary alloys are systematically reviewed and evaluated. The metastable fcc_A1/Al<sub>3</sub>Li two-phase equilibria are reoptimized using the split four sublattice compound energy formalism to accommodate both the related phase equilibrium measurements and precipitation kinetic measurements. One set of precipitation kinetic parameters is respectively assessed for each of the two precipitate phases. The improved cluster dynamics model, together with the assessed model parameters, can reasonably reproduce the reliable experimental precipitation kinetic data of the two phases. The model parameter determination includes extensive sensitivity studies to use physically reasonable values, and the present work also studies the use of cluster mobility in modeling the early stage precipitation kinetics. The present work indicates that the obtained model parameters can be used to develop the fundamental informative CALPHAD-type precipitation kinetic database.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9436,"journal":{"name":"Calphad-computer Coupling of Phase Diagrams and Thermochemistry","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 102708"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141241662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Summary report of CALPHAD L – Boston, USA, 2023","authors":"Yu Zhong, Wei Xiong, Gregory B. Olson","doi":"10.1016/j.calphad.2024.102686","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.calphad.2024.102686","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>THE CALPHAD L 2023 conference was held in Boston, MA, USA from June 25<sup>th</sup> to 30<sup>th</sup>, 2023. We have 176 attendees from 23 countries. The activities in CALPHAD L 2023 included 84 oral presentations, 138 student posters, and two software workshops. The topics covered during the conference were gathered in nine categories.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9436,"journal":{"name":"Calphad-computer Coupling of Phase Diagrams and Thermochemistry","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 102686"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140203389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Charles W. Bauschlicher Jr , Nathan S. Jacobson , Cameron J. Bodenschatz
{"title":"Compound database for gaseous metal hydroxides and oxyhydroxides","authors":"Charles W. Bauschlicher Jr , Nathan S. Jacobson , Cameron J. Bodenschatz","doi":"10.1016/j.calphad.2024.102707","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.calphad.2024.102707","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this study computational methods are used to derive thermochemical data for Sc, Fe, Co, Ni, and Hf hydroxides and oxyhydroxides. As done previously, molecular geometries and vibrational modes were derived with DFT methods; for the enthalpies of formation more computationally intensive coupled cluster methods were necessary. For each species Δ<sub>f</sub>H<sup>o</sup>(298), S<sup>o</sup>(298), and C<sub>p</sub> in the form A + BT + CT<sup>2</sup> + D/T + E/T<sup>2</sup> with A, B, C, D, and E fitted constants are presented. These are combined with previously reported calculations for Al, Cr, Si, Ta, Al, Zr, Y, Yb, Gd, and Mn to build a compound database for metal hydroxides and oxyhydroxides. Sample calculations for applications where high temperature water vapor is encountered are shown. The majority of the database was generated from <em>ab initio</em> calculations; however, experiments were critical benchmarks for many of the species.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9436,"journal":{"name":"Calphad-computer Coupling of Phase Diagrams and Thermochemistry","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 102707"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S036459162400049X/pdfft?md5=c822b40ee24c24b010eeb802cf7a8066&pid=1-s2.0-S036459162400049X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141194538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jia Qi, Elena Yazhenskikh, Mirko Ziegner, Xin Zhao, Guixuan Wu, Michael Müller, Dmitry Sergeev
{"title":"Corrigendum to “Experimental study and thermochemical assessment of the reciprocal system Li+, K+//Cl-, CO32-” [Calphad 83 (2023) 102603]","authors":"Jia Qi, Elena Yazhenskikh, Mirko Ziegner, Xin Zhao, Guixuan Wu, Michael Müller, Dmitry Sergeev","doi":"10.1016/j.calphad.2024.102696","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.calphad.2024.102696","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":9436,"journal":{"name":"Calphad-computer Coupling of Phase Diagrams and Thermochemistry","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 102696"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0364591624000385/pdfft?md5=dff4b6437edc347a05e4d3b9b22e3160&pid=1-s2.0-S0364591624000385-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141039770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elizabeth Mathew , Rupesh Chafle , Benjamin Klusemann
{"title":"CALPHAD-based modeling of pressure-dependent Al, Cu and Li unary systems","authors":"Elizabeth Mathew , Rupesh Chafle , Benjamin Klusemann","doi":"10.1016/j.calphad.2024.102692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2024.102692","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The study presents a pressure-dependent CALPHAD-based model for assessment of the Al, Cu and Li unary systems, focusing on phase changes under varying pressures. By incorporating the Murnaghan equation of state and ab initio phonon calculations, the thermal properties for stable and metastable phases are accurately predicted. To ensure a comprehensive representation of the system's response to pressure changes; compressibility, volumetric thermal expansion coefficient as a function of temperature, the derivative of bulk modulus with pressure, and molar volume for the condensed phases are integrated in the framework. The model provides essential insights into pressure-induced transformation, aiding in the understanding of solid-state processing, such as high-pressure torsion and extrusion. The results from this work are in excellent agreement with the experimental literature and can be utilized to enhance phase predictions under non-equilibrium conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9436,"journal":{"name":"Calphad-computer Coupling of Phase Diagrams and Thermochemistry","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 102692"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0364591624000348/pdfft?md5=7f132cdca8847af29c337fd83f108a65&pid=1-s2.0-S0364591624000348-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141083994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
W.F. Cheng , X.Y. Liu , C. Tan , Q.R. Yao , J. Wang , G.H. Rao , H.Y. Zhou
{"title":"Experimental determination and thermodynamic calculation of phase equilibria in the Sm-Fe-B ternary system","authors":"W.F. Cheng , X.Y. Liu , C. Tan , Q.R. Yao , J. Wang , G.H. Rao , H.Y. Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.calphad.2024.102706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.calphad.2024.102706","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The phase equilibria of the Sm-Fe-B ternary system at 873 K and 1073 K were experimentally investigated by equilibrated alloy method using scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Four ternary intermetallic compounds, Sm<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>14</sub>B with a Nd<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>14</sub>B-type structure and space group P4<sub>2</sub>/mnm, Sm<sub>17</sub>(Fe<sub>4</sub>B<sub>4</sub>)<sub>15</sub> with a RE<sub>l.1</sub>Fe<sub>4</sub>B<sub>4</sub>-type structure and space group P4<sub>2</sub>/n, SmFeB<sub>4</sub> with a YCrB<sub>4</sub>-type structure and space group Pbam and Sm<sub>5</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>B<sub>6</sub> with a Pr<sub>5</sub>Co<sub>2</sub>B<sub>6</sub>-type structure and space group <span><math><mi>R</mi><mover><mn>3</mn><mo>‾</mo></mover><mi>m</mi></math></span> , were confirmed by the SEM-EDS results and the XRD Rietveld refinements. The isothermal sections of this ternary system at 873 K and 1073 K were established. Furthermore, in the combination with the previous assessments of the Sm-Fe, Sm-B and Fe-B binary systems and the measured and reported experimental results, thermodynamic calculation of the Sm-Fe-B ternary system was performed using the CALPHAD method. The calculated isothermal sections at 873 K and 1073 K are in good agreement with the determined experimental results. Thermodynamic parameters of the Sm-Fe-B ternary system were obtained finally, which would provide a good basis for the development of a thermodynamic database of RE-Fe-B-based magnetic alloys.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":9436,"journal":{"name":"Calphad-computer Coupling of Phase Diagrams and Thermochemistry","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 102706"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141072640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}