Turkish journal of biology = Turk biyoloji dergisi最新文献

{"title":"Efflux pump-associated antimicrobial resistance genes in <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. from dairy and meat samples.","authors":"Meryem Burcu Külahci, Sumru Çitak","doi":"10.55730/1300-0152.2783","DOIUrl":"10.55730/1300-0152.2783","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the phenotypic resistance and distribution of efflux pump-associated antimicrobial resistance genes in <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. isolated from dairy and meat samples. Antimicrobial resistance in foodborne bacteria increases with antibiotic exposure and biocides, particularly through efflux mechanisms. Thus, monitoring potential genetic reservoirs in the food chain is very important.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A total of 132 dairy and meat samples were collected for the study, and <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. were isolated using Mannitol salt phenol red agar. Antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute's microdilution method. Twenty-six resistant isolates were identified by 16S rDNA sequencing. The effect of reserpine on MIC values was evaluated using microdilution tests to assess the role of efflux pumps in antibiotic resistance and biocide tolerance. Antibiotic resistance and efflux pump genes were detected using real-time PCR with specific primers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 77 isolates evaluated, 26 (33.8%) were resistant to at least one antibiotic. Resistance to tetracycline (69.2%) and cefuroxime (38.5%) were the most common. The administration of reserpine reduced minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values across all cefuroxime-resistant isolates and in a subset of tetracycline- and nitrofurantoin-resistant strains, suggesting the potential involvement of efflux pumps. It also lowered MICs for triclosan (46.7%) and povidone-iodine (32%). The most frequently detected efflux pump genes were <i>smr</i> (88.5%), <i>efrA</i> (84.6%), <i>efrB</i> (80.8%), <i>mdeA</i> (84.6%), and <i>norE</i> (80.8%). <i>qacA/B</i> was not detected in any isolate.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Genes encoding efflux pump proteins were commonly found in <i>Staphylococcus</i> spp. isolated from dairy and meat samples. Reserpine inhibition tests confirmed the phenotypic effects of these genes. These results suggest efflux-mediated resistance can significantly impact antibiotic tolerance and biocides in foodborne isolates. Continued surveillance and control strategies are essential to limit the spread of these resistance genes in the food chain.</p>","PeriodicalId":94363,"journal":{"name":"Turkish journal of biology = Turk biyoloji dergisi","volume":"49 7","pages":"825-834"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12768436/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145914297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Principles of environmentally sustainable agriculture for building resilient and resource-efficient food systems.","authors":"Ramazan Çakmakçi, Songül Çakmakçi, Muhammet Fatih Çakmakçi","doi":"10.55730/1300-0152.2764","DOIUrl":"10.55730/1300-0152.2764","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As the demand for greater quantities of higher-quality food grows with population expansion, climate change, urbanization, and unsustainable agricultural practices accelerate the loss of arable land, ultimately threatening agricultural sustainability. Population growth necessitates a transition to nutritious, safe, and healthy food production systems that ensure higher yields, less reduced waste, improved social outcomes, and the integration of economic, social, and environmental sustainability principles. Urgent global challenges such as resource depletion, biodiversity loss, and climate change necessitate the protection of ecosystems and the sustainable use of natural resources. Agricultural systems must enhance food production and supply productivity, strengthen system resilience, and improve resource efficiency and sustainability. The sustainable development of agricultural systems based on resilience and productivity is important to ensure food security. The aim of this review is to compile, describe, and propose future strategies for promising food systems-including transformative innovations and alternative farming techniques-to facilitate the transition toward resilient, resource-efficient, and sustainable agriculture, and to mitigate long-term challenges. It also provides recommendations for future research, sustainability, resilience, and emerging food trends aimed at promoting sustainable food systems and green technologies, protecting ecosystems, resources, and biodiversity, and optimizing waste management and natural resource use. This article focuses on future sustainable food production and security, environmental protection, alternative protein sources, and innovative agricultural techniques; it highlights scientific and technological advancements, emerging research directions, and offers a comprehensive perspective on resilient, resource-efficient, and sustainable food production systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":94363,"journal":{"name":"Turkish journal of biology = Turk biyoloji dergisi","volume":"49 5","pages":"550-584"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12614370/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145544902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Shootin1's oncogenic role within <i>FGFR2</i> gene fusions.","authors":"Volkan Ergin, Mutlu Erdoğan, Ekrem Yaşar, Sika Zheng","doi":"10.55730/1300-0152.2782","DOIUrl":"10.55730/1300-0152.2782","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (<i>FGFR</i>) gene fusions are recognized as pivotal oncogenic drivers, contributing to cancer initiation and progression across diverse malignancies. These fusions often represent significant therapeutic targets, particularly in challenging malignancies like cholangiocarcinoma. This study aimed to characterize the novel <i>FGFR2</i>::<i>SHTN1</i> fusion, identify it as a de novo chimeric protein, and elucidate its precise oncogenic mechanism.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong><i>FGFR2</i>::<i>SHTN1</i> fusions were identified via cancer genomics databases and modeled using AlphaFold and HADDOCK. <i>SHTN1</i> variants were expressed in Neuro-2a cells for coimmunoprecipitation, purification, and native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to assess oligomerization. Structural modeling included membrane embedding with Chemistry at HARvard Macromolecular Mechanics-Graphical User Interface (CHARMM-GUI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that <i>FGFR2</i>::<i>SHTN1</i> is an in-frame fusion formed by the joining of upstream <i>FGFR2</i> exons 1-17 with downstream <i>SHTN1</i> exons 7-17 in human, resulting in a chimeric protein retaining the intact <i>FGFR2</i> tyrosine kinase domain. Our analyses revealed that Shootin1 inherently forms oligomers through its coiled-coil domains, which, within the fusion, mediate ligand-independent dimerization and constitutive activation of <i>FGFR2</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings establish <i>FGFR2</i>::<i>SHTN1</i> as a potent oncogenic driver in various cancers, particularly in cholangiocarcinoma, highlighting a unique mechanism of constitutive activation mediated by Shootin1's CCD-II domain. This study represents the first molecular characterization of the <i>FGFR2</i>::<i>SHTN1</i> fusion, advances understanding of <i>FGFR2</i> fusion biology, and identifies a particular target for future diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in relevant malignancies.</p>","PeriodicalId":94363,"journal":{"name":"Turkish journal of biology = Turk biyoloji dergisi","volume":"49 7","pages":"811-824"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12768439/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145914300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Eucommia ulmoides</i> extract attenuates oxidative stress and promotes melanogenesis via Wnt/β-catenin signaling in B16 cells and mice.","authors":"Xiaojin Liu, Yaqian Qiu, Xiaobing Lv, Lei Chang, Tiancheng Ji, Yefan Gu, Shuyue Chen","doi":"10.55730/1300-0152.2780","DOIUrl":"10.55730/1300-0152.2780","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Oxidative stress is a major contributor to melanocyte dysfunction and hair graying by impairing key signaling pathways. <i>Eucommia ulmoides</i> bark extract (EUE), rich in antioxidant phytochemicals, has shown potential in combating oxidative damage. This study investigated the protective and promelanogenic effects of EUE under hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced oxidative stress, with a focus on the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>An oxidative stress model was established using B16 cells and a C57BL/6 mouse hair follicle model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>EUE significantly improved melanocyte survival and reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Mechanistically, EUE activated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, leading to upregulation of the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and its downstream melanogenic enzymes (TYR, TRP-1, TRP-2), thereby enhancing tyrosinase activity and restoring melanin synthesis. In vivo, topical application of EUE protected hair follicles from H₂O₂-induced depigmentation and promoted follicular pigmentation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our results demonstrate that EUE mitigates oxidative stress and promotes melanogenesis primarily by activating the Wnt/β-catenin-MITF signaling axis. These findings provide strong mechanistic evidence supporting EUE as a potential therapeutic strategy for oxidative stress-related hair graying.</p>","PeriodicalId":94363,"journal":{"name":"Turkish journal of biology = Turk biyoloji dergisi","volume":"49 7","pages":"790-799"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12768441/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145914223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential modulation of cisplatin efficacy by montelukast sodium and desloratadine in lung cancer.","authors":"Seha Akduman, Büşra Yüksel, Didem Tecimel, Ömer Faruk Bayrak, Didem Seven, Fikrettin Şahin","doi":"10.55730/1300-0152.2771","DOIUrl":"10.55730/1300-0152.2771","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/objective: </strong>Despite advances in treatment, achieving effective and durable responses with chemotherapy remains a significant challenge in lung cancer management. This study investigates the effects of montelukast sodium (MLS) and desloratadine (DES), alone and in combination with cisplatin (CIS), on cell viability, apoptosis, cell cycle distribution, and antioxidant gene expression in A549 and DMS114 lung cancer cell lines.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Cells were treated with CIS, MLS, DES, and their combinations for 24-72 h. Cell viability was assessed via MTS assay; apoptosis and cell cycle progression were analyzed by flow cytometry. The expression of antioxidant-related genes (<i>GPX4</i>, <i>GSR</i>, <i>GCLC</i>) was quantified using qRT-PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MLS and DES reduced cell viability individually in both cell lines in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The combination of CIS and MLS showed near-synergistic effects in A549 cells. The combination significantly enhanced apoptosis, particularly in DMS114 cells. In contrast, CIS combined with DES showed antagonistic interactions in both lines, with no significant increase in apoptosis compared to CIS alone. MLS combined with CIS also enhanced G0/G1 phase arrest, while the combination of DES and CIS had no additive effect on the cell cycle. DES alone or with CIS significantly upregulated <i>GPX4</i> and <i>GCLC</i>, suggesting activation of antioxidant defense mechanisms. Meanwhile, MLS alone or combined with CIS led to a decrease in <i>GCLC</i> expression, indicating a possible impairment of redox homeostasis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>MLS enhances CIS-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis in lung cancer cells and modulates redox gene expression, potentially improving therapeutic efficacy. In contrast, DES may attenuate CIS activity through antioxidant gene upregulation. These findings support the potential of MLS as an effective adjuvant in CIS-based lung cancer treatment. However, the antagonistic effect observed with DES highlights the importance of careful evaluation of candidates for drug repurposing.</p>","PeriodicalId":94363,"journal":{"name":"Turkish journal of biology = Turk biyoloji dergisi","volume":"49 6","pages":"690-699"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12604930/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145508626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A systematic review of machine learning in heart disease prediction.","authors":"Tathagat Banerjee, İshak Paçal","doi":"10.55730/1300-0152.2766","DOIUrl":"10.55730/1300-0152.2766","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of global mortality, prompting the need for advanced predictive tools. While machine learning (ML) offers a powerful solution, there are significant challenges to clinical translation. This systematic review synthesizes the current state of ML in heart disease prediction, evaluating algorithmic performance, data utilization, and key translational challenges.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search of literature published up to 2025 was conducted. From an initial pool of over 2500 records, a rigorous screening process yielded 65 studies for in-depth qualitative synthesis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analysis showed that ensemble learning models dominate prediction tasks on structured data, achieving high accuracy on benchmarks. Deep learning (DL) is increasingly applied to unstructured data like electrocardiogram signals and cardiac imaging. Despite high performance reported in models, a significant translational gap exists. This is driven by a pervasive lack of external validation, an overreliance on limited public datasets, and the black-box nature of complex models that reduces clinical trust. The adoption of explainable artificial intelligence is a key trend aimed at mitigating these challenges.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While ML shows significant potential, its utility remains largely confined to academic settings. The future of the field depends on a fundamental research shift, rather than on incremental accuracy gains. Progress requires a concerted focus on robust external validation, the development of large-scale representative datasets, and the creation of interpretable systems that can be effectively integrated into clinical workflows to improve patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":94363,"journal":{"name":"Turkish journal of biology = Turk biyoloji dergisi","volume":"49 5","pages":"600-634"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12614364/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145544782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tumor-specific cytotoxicity of pyrazole-based chalcone derivatives in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines.","authors":"Mehtap Tuğrak Sakarya, Halise İnci Gül, Hiroshi Sakagami, Junko Nagai, Yoshihiro Uesawa, Kenjiro Bandow","doi":"10.55730/1300-0152.2773","DOIUrl":"10.55730/1300-0152.2773","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pyrazole-based chalcone hybrids are notable in medicinal chemistry for their potential biological activity, although their tumor-specific cytotoxicity and mechanisms remain unknown in OSCC cells. This first study of pyrazole-chalcone hybrids in OSCC cells explores the tumor-selective cytotoxic effects and underlying cell death mechanisms triggered by a series of 10 newly synthesized pyrazole-based compounds (<b>MS1MS10</b>) in OSCC cell lines.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>The cytotoxic effects of the compounds were assessed using the MTT assay on four human OSCC cell lines and three types of normal human oral cells. The tumor-selectivity index (TS) and potency-selectivity expression (PSE) were calculated, and active compounds were subjected to cell cycle analysis. For QSAR modeling, 3096 descriptors comprising physicochemical, structural, and quantum chemical features were created using the most energetically advantageous conformations found through CORINA optimization.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>According to the obtained results, the compounds <b>MS4</b> (PSE = 1443.6, TS = 71.2), <b>MS7</b> (PSE > 15,304.5, TS > 247.4), and <b>MS8</b> (PSE > 7141.4, TS > 169.0) showed the highest TS and PSE values, comparable to those of doxorubicin and 5-FU. The cytotoxic compounds <b>MS7</b> and <b>MS8</b>, as well as the cytostatic compound <b>MS4</b>, significantly (p < 0.05) increased the cell population in the S and G2/M phases while decreasing the population in the G1 phase. Notably, no significant accumulation was detected in the sub-G1 phase, indicating the absence of DNA fragmentation-associated apoptosis. QSAR analysis suggests the importance of 3D structure and lipophilicity in TS expression, while ADMET analysis further revealed the drug-likeness properties of the active compounds. The obtained information is expected to contribute significantly to the literature on the design and development of new compounds.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrates the potent tumor-specific cytotoxic and cytostatic effects of pyrazole-based chalcone hybrids on OSCC cell lines, offering valuable insights for targeted anticancer drug development.</p>","PeriodicalId":94363,"journal":{"name":"Turkish journal of biology = Turk biyoloji dergisi","volume":"49 6","pages":"712-727"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12604929/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145508587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green carbon dots in the era of AI: sustainable synthesis, intelligent drug delivery, advanced diagnostics, and bioimaging.","authors":"Emine Sezer, Fulden Ulucan Karnak, Sinan Akgöl","doi":"10.55730/1300-0152.2762","DOIUrl":"10.55730/1300-0152.2762","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Green carbon dots (GCDs) are a rapidly developing class of nanomaterials that are revolutionizing various scientific disciplines due to their unique optical properties, low toxicity, and sustainable synthesis. This review offers a comprehensive roadmap for the field, emphasizing the synergy between GCDs and artificial intelligence (AI).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We begin by detailing the sustainable synthesis of GCDs, highlighting green chemistry principles and the transformative role of AI in optimizing their production. Subsequently, we explore the critical characterization of GCDs, including their structural, optical, and biocompatibility assessment. The core of this study explores the diverse biomedical applications of GCDs, including their integration into intelligent drug delivery systems enhanced by AI, utility in advanced diagnostics and biosensing, and contribution to state-of-the-art bioimaging techniques by deep learning (DL).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analysis of the literature confirms that AI-driven optimization is crucial for enhancing the scalability and reproducibility of GCD production. Furthermore, the integration of DL models significantly boosts the analytical precision and real-time capabilities of these platforms, validating the profound convergence of the fields.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This review provides a holistic roadmap, concluding that the AI- GCD synergy is indispensable for developing the next generation of smart nanomedicines. Future efforts must prioritize addressing scalability, standardization, and regulatory pathways to accelerate successful clinical translation.</p>","PeriodicalId":94363,"journal":{"name":"Turkish journal of biology = Turk biyoloji dergisi","volume":"49 5","pages":"498-533"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12614371/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145544786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of deep learning architectures for plant disease detection.","authors":"Yasin Kaya, Ercan Gürsoy","doi":"10.55730/1300-0152.2761","DOIUrl":"10.55730/1300-0152.2761","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>The rapid advancement of deep learning (DL) has revolutionized plant disease detection by enabling highly accurate, image-based diagnostic solutions. This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of DL-based methodologies for plant disease detection, systematically structured around the key stages of the modeling pipeline, encompassing data acquisition, preprocessing, augmentation, classification, detection, segmentation, and deployment.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The review focuses on evaluating convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures such as VGG, ResNet, EfficientNet, and DenseNet across diverse experimental contexts. Classification strategies are categorized according to their integration of visualization techniques (e.g., saliency maps, Grad-CAM) to enhance model interpretability, emphasizing the pivotal role of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) in plant pathology. Object detection models are systematically examined within both one-stage (YOLO, SSD) and two-stage (Faster R-CNN) paradigms. Furthermore, critical challenges-such as environmental variability, data imbalance, and computational constraints-along with potential solutions including transfer learning, synthetic data generation using generative adversarial networks (GANs) and diffusion models, and edge computing for real-time deployment, are comprehensively discussed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This review summarizes best practices for dataset selection and model optimization for mobile platforms, emphasizing their role in improving the efficiency and accuracy of plant disease detection systems.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Deep learning-based methods show strong potential to enhance precision and resilience in real-world plant disease detection and monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":94363,"journal":{"name":"Turkish journal of biology = Turk biyoloji dergisi","volume":"49 5","pages":"459-497"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12614366/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145544780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Royal jelly with ellagic acid inhibits the glycolytic pathway and induces apoptosis through multiple pathways in colorectal cancer.","authors":"Tuğba Kul Köprülü","doi":"10.55730/1300-0152.2770","DOIUrl":"10.55730/1300-0152.2770","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Developing novel chemotherapeutics with high anticancer efficacy and low toxicity remains a critical challenge in oncology. Natural products have shown promise due to their multitargeted activity and favorable safety profiles. The present study investigates the combined anticancer effects of royal jelly (RJ) and ellagic acid (EA), two potent antioxidants of animal and plant origin.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Royal jelly (RJ) and ellagic acid (EA) were applied to HT29 (ATCC HTB-38, Human colorectal adenocarcinoma), HCT116 (ATCC CCL-247, Human colorectal carcinoma) and BEAS-2B (ATCC CRL-3588, human bronchial epithelium) cell lines, and their antiproliferative effects were evaluated using a xCELLigence Real-Time Cell Analyzer (RTCA MP). The effect of the combination of RJ and EA on the glycolytic pathway was determined using a Seahorse XFe24 Analyzer, and the apoptotic process was evaluated by DNA laddering and the expression of the <i>Bcl-2</i> and <i>Bax</i> genes in the apoptotic pathway through real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). The transcriptome profiling of the combination of RJ and EA on colorectal cancer cells was performed by Total RNA Sequencing analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>RJ with EA, when used in combination, significantly reduced the extracellular acidification rate (ECAR), effectively inhibiting aerobic glycolysis, especially in HCT116, and induced apoptosis in HCT116 and HT29 cells by increasing the <i>Bax</i>/<i>Bcl-2</i> ratio compared to cases treated with EA or RJ alone (p < 0.05). GSEA analyses revealed that the treatment of both cell lines increased the expression of apoptosis and p53 pathway-related genes while suppressing the genes associated with the E2F target, G2M checkpoint, oxidative phosphorylation, and MYC target mechanism, indicating a directly proportional relationship with the antiproliferative effect on cancer cells and increased apoptosis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>RJ with EA used in combination demonstrates potent anticancer effects in colorectal cancer by suppressing glycolysis and activating apoptosis, with apparent therapeutic potential as a novel cancer treatment strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":94363,"journal":{"name":"Turkish journal of biology = Turk biyoloji dergisi","volume":"49 6","pages":"675-689"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12604935/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145508581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}