Phlebology最新文献

{"title":"Can internal cooling radiofrequency catheters with local hypothermia eliminate the need for tumescent anesthesia? A single-center, retrospective, observational study.","authors":"Gongmin Rim, Kwanyong Hyun, Deog Gon Cho, Jaemin Cho","doi":"10.1177/02683555241287074","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02683555241287074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Tumescent anesthesia not only prolongs the operation time but also induces postoperative pain, bruising, and swelling. This study investigated the effectiveness and safety of tumescentless RFA using an internal cooling system with a VENISTAR catheter and local hypothermia. <b>Methods:</b> We retrospectively analyzed patients who had undergone RFA for above-knee (AK) great saphenous vein (GSV) between March 2023 and November 2023. We compared the efficacy and safety of tumescentless RFA between group T (conventional tumescent group, <i>n</i> = 50) and group N (non-tumescent group, <i>n</i> = 59). <b>Results:</b> The operative time was shorter in group N than in group T (group N: 31.37 min, group T: 42.31 min, <i>p</i> < .01), with no severe adverse events occurred in either group, such as endovenous heat-induced thrombosis or deep vein thrombosis. Postoperative pain (Group N, 0.53% vs Group T, 0.52%; <i>p</i> = .86), postoperative complications such as bruising (Group N, 6.78% vs Group T, 4%; N= .34) and paresthesia (Group N, 1.7% vs Group T, 6%; <i>p</i> = .27) showed no significant difference between the two groups on postoperative day 10. <b>Conclusion:</b> Tumescentless RFA with internal cooling and local hypothermia shows promising results with minimal complications. This novel approach represents a recent advancement in endovenous RFA that omits additional tumescent anesthesia.</p>","PeriodicalId":94350,"journal":{"name":"Phlebology","volume":" ","pages":"202-210"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142335874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The profile beyond leg pain: In basis of central sensitization, kinesiophobia, and body awareness in patients with chronic venous disease.","authors":"Zilan Bazancir-Apaydin, Elif Sakizli Erdal, Ilke Keser, Dilek Erer","doi":"10.1177/02683555241286385","DOIUrl":"10.1177/02683555241286385","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> Leg pain has long been underestimated despite being one of the most important symptoms of chronic venous disease (CVD). Studies investigating leg pain and psychosocial profile in CVD are limited. The study aimed to investigate leg pain, central sensitization, kinesiophobia, and body awareness in patients with CVD. <b>Methods:</b> The ninety-eight patients (80 female, 18 male) diagnosed with CVD were included in the study. The severity of leg pain was evaluated with the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The patients were assessed with the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI-A and B) for central sensitization-related symptoms and -positivity, the Body Awareness Questionnaire (BAQ) for body awareness, and the Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale (TKS) for kinesiophobia. The cut-off score was admitted as 41 for TKS. <b>Results:</b> The leg pain (mean (SD) = 4.3 ± 2) and body awareness (mean (SD) = 82.4 ± 22) were moderate levels in patients with CVD. Nearly half of the patients (<i>n</i> = 46, 46.9%) had both central sensitization positivity and elevated kinesiophobia (<i>n</i> = 46, 47%). The CSI was correlated with the VAS (r = 0.32, <i>p</i> = .001), TKS (r = 0.40, <i>p</i> < .001), and BAQ (r = 0.20, <i>p</i> = .048). Significant correlations were determined between Body Mass Index and TKS (r = 0.48, <i>p</i> < .001) and BAQ (r = -0.31, <i>p</i> = .002). Also, the patients with a TKS score ≥41-points had higher CSI-A scores (<i>p</i> = .002) than those with a TKS score< 41. <b>Conclusions:</b> Leg pain, central sensitization, and kinesiophobia are commonly seen in patients with CVD, and central sensitization seems to have a negative effect on leg pain, kinesiophobia, and body awareness. The profile beyond pain should be evaluated in detail, and various rehabilitation strategies need to be developed to manage central sensitization, interoception, kinesiophobia, and weight control in patients with CVD.</p>","PeriodicalId":94350,"journal":{"name":"Phlebology","volume":" ","pages":"182-190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142309571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deciphering the association between gut microbiome and varicose veins: A mendelian randomization study.","authors":"Yu Tian, Furong Hao, Jiantao Zhang, Yuxuan Qian, Jiahao Liu, Qianhui Bao, Haipeng Shi, Tianjie Li, Tao Yang","doi":"10.1177/02683555251329406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02683555251329406","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Despite the well-documented influence of traditional risk factors on varicose veins, the potential causal role of the gut microbiome in this condition remains underexplored. This study aims to elucidate the association between specific gut microbial taxa and varicose veins using a Mendelian Randomization (MR) approach. <b>Methods:</b> Utilizing genome-wide association study datasets from the MiBioGen Consortium and the Finnish database, this study carefully selected instrumental variables based on their genetic association with the gut microbiome and stringent statistical criteria. Multiple MR techniques were applied to analyze the data, accompanied by comprehensive sensitivity analyses to ensure the reliability of the causal relationships between the gut microbiota and varicose veins. <b>Results:</b> The study identified three microbial taxa-genus <i>Terrisporobacter</i>, <i>Coprococcus2</i>, and <i>Ruminococcus</i> gnavus group-as protective factors against varicose veins. Conversely, the family Ruminococcaceae, genus <i>Flavonifractor</i>, and genus <i>Ruminococcaceae</i>UCG009 were associated with an increased risk of developing varicose veins. Bidirectional analyses indicated that the presence of varicose veins does not influence the abundance of these microbiota groups. <b>Conclusion:</b> The results of this study support a relationship between specific gut microbiota and varicose veins, revealing potential new targets for therapeutic intervention. These insights not only deepen our understanding of the pathophysiology of varicose veins but also provide a theoretical basis for future medical applications, highlighting the potential value of microbiome research in the prevention and treatment strategies for varicose veins.</p>","PeriodicalId":94350,"journal":{"name":"Phlebology","volume":" ","pages":"2683555251329406"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143736324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective evaluation of the results of ultrasound-accelerated catheter-directed tombolysis in acute-subacute pulmonary embolism patients.","authors":"Ali Fuat Karaçuha, İlyas Memmedyarov, Ahmet Kayan, Çağdaş Baran, Evren Özçinar, Nur Dikmen, Mustafa Şirlak, Sadık Eryilmaz","doi":"10.1177/02683555251329766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02683555251329766","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectivesAcute pulmonary embolism (PE) is one of the most serious forms of venous thromboembolism (VTE) with high mortality and morbidity. PE may present with right ventricular dysfunction and hemodynamic disturbances. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment approaches play a critical role in improving survival. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of catheter-mediated thrombolytic therapy in intermediate-high-risk PE patients.MethodsOur retrospective study was conducted at Ankara University between 2015 and 2020 and 66 intermediate-high-risk PE patients were analyzed. Clinical, biochemical and echocardiographic data of the patients were analyzed and their response to treatment was evaluated. The primary endpoint was 30-day mortality and secondary endpoints were hemodynamic improvement, length of hospitalization and complication rates.ResultsThe mean age of the patients was 65 years and all of them presented with a diagnosis of symptomatic PE. After treatment, significant improvement was observed in right ventricular function, RV/LV ratio, ProBNP and Troponin I levels decreased significantly. Pulmonary artery pressures decreased and hemodynamic parameters improved. The early mortality rate after the procedure was 3% and the rate of major bleeding was low.ConclusionsCatheter-mediated thrombolytic therapy provides hemodynamic improvement in intermediate-high-risk PE patients, while offering a low bleeding risk. Our results suggest that this therapy may be a safe and effective alternative. However, long-term results should be evaluated in large-scale, randomized studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":94350,"journal":{"name":"Phlebology","volume":" ","pages":"2683555251329766"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143672159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of static foot disorder and ankle range of motion in chronic venous insufficiency patients.","authors":"Sree Vani Paladugu, Ajay Savlania, Gokulkrishnan Hari, Tanuj Singla, Ujjwal Gorsi, Lileswar Kaman","doi":"10.1177/02683555251326046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02683555251326046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveChronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is a progressive disease, leading to calf muscle pump dysfunction and reduced range of ankle motion (ROAM). A full ROAM increases venous return decreasing venous hypertension. The dysfunction of foot pump in static foot disorder (SFD) further contributes to chronic venous insufficiency. In present study we studied the effect of ROAM and SFD on CVI.MethodsA prospective observational study was conducted from July 2022 to June 2023, with Institute Ethical clearance (INT/2022/MS-533). A total of 402 legs were included, of which 368 legs of the study group had CVI and 34 legs were in control C0 group. Patients were divided into control C0, mild C1-C3 and advanced C4-C6 disease group based on the severity of CVI. SFD and ROAM were evaluated from X-rays by Djian-Annonier angle and goniometry respectively. The primary objective was to study, impairment of ROAM in patients from C1-C6 and its comparison with control C0 group and impact of static foot disorders on ROAM.ResultsROAM was highest in controls and decreased towards the lowest value in progression to advanced stages of CEAP classification (87° in C0, 71° in mild CVI and 45° in advanced CVI, <i>p</i> < .001). Controls had just nine % legs afflicted with SFD whereas <i>62.3% and 68.6% with mild and advanced disease had SFD, p < .001</i>. ROAM was highest in those without SFD (68.9°) and least in hollow feet (58.3°), <i>p < .001</i>. ROAM was lower in the symptomatic C2 disease (80°) than asymptomatic type (69°) (<i>p</i> < .001).ConclusionThis study showed that poor ROAM is associated with higher rate of advance CVI. In addition patients with SFD had advance CVI and poor ROAM. So, it is important to consider treatment of SFD and physical rehabilitation to improve ROAM and break vicious cycle of progression to severe CVI.</p>","PeriodicalId":94350,"journal":{"name":"Phlebology","volume":" ","pages":"2683555251326046"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143652478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of clinical and ultrasonographic prognostic factors for detection of iliac venous obstructions in patients with advanced chronic venous insufficiency.","authors":"Viviane Chaib Gomes Stegun, Patrick Bastos Metzger, Ana Amélia Carvalho Melo Cavalcante, Thaís Lye Okamoto Yamakami, Fabio Henrique Rossi","doi":"10.1177/02683555251326040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02683555251326040","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>ObjectiveThis study evaluated clinical and ultrasonographic prognostic factors correlated with iliac venous obstructions (IVO) in patients with advanced chronic venous insufficiency (CVI).MethodsSixty-six patients with CVI were classified into Group I (CEAP C1-C2) or Group II (CEAP C3-C6) and categorized by IVO severity (<50%, 50%-79%, ≥80%). Factors analyzed included age, gender, ethnicity, body mass index (BMI), diabetes, deep vein thrombosis (DVT) history, limb laterality, and reflux in superficial, deep, and perforator venous systems. Multivariate logistic regression identified associations, with odds ratios (OR) calculated at a 95% confidence interval.ResultsPatients in both groups were predominantly female, white, and of similar age. Group I patients had higher BMI and lower abdominal circumference than Group II. Arterial hypertension was common in both groups, but deep vein thrombosis history was absent in Group I and present in 27.45% of Group II. Venous reflux was more frequent in Group II (74.5%) compared to Group I (36.7%). Regarding severity of IVO in Group II, 50% of limbs had <50% obstruction, 26.5% of limbs had 50%-79% obstruction, and 23.5% of limbs had ≥80% obstruction. Left limb was more frequently affected (70.58%) in significant obstructions found in Group II. Positive correlations were observed between IVO, non-recanalized DVT, and venous obstruction severity. Reflux in the deep venous system was a significant predictor for severe IVO in advanced chronic venous insufficiency patients (OR = 3.7, <i>p</i> = .02).ConclusionsDeep venous reflux was shown to be a prognostic factor for detecting critical IVO in patients with advanced CVI. History of DVT, presence of reflux in the venous system of the lower limbs and non-recanalized DVT in advanced chronic venous insufficiency patients indicate the need for screening for IVO additional cross-sectional imaging.</p>","PeriodicalId":94350,"journal":{"name":"Phlebology","volume":" ","pages":"2683555251326040"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143653107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of preoperative ultrasound combined with indocyanine green lymphography in lymphaticovenular anastomosis of the lower limb-A retrospective study research.","authors":"Bin Liu, Xuchuan Zhou, Yu Zheng, Xuefeng Su, Xinyi Li, Chengcheng Gao, Gejia Ma","doi":"10.1177/02683555251326039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02683555251326039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BackgroundWe evaluated the application of preoperative ultrasound (US) combined with indocyanine green (ICG) lymphography in lymphaticovenular anastomosis (LVA) of the lower limb.Methods66 patients with lower limb lymphedema were selected as study subjects and divided into research (<i>n</i> = 35) and control groups (<i>n</i> = 31). The patients were treated with LVA using ICG lymphography combined with US and simple ICG lymphography as the positioning method. The number of lymphatic vessels anastomosed, diameter, depth, and searching time were compared.ResultsThe number of anastomotic lymphatic vessels in the research group was more than in the control group (<i>p</i> < .05). Compared with the lymphatic vessels under ICG lymphography, the lymphatic vessels under US locating had less search time, larger diameter, and deeper depth (<i>p</i> < .05).ConclusionUS combined with ICG lymphography in preoperative can increase the number of lymphatic vessels and shorten the time to find lymphatic vessels.</p>","PeriodicalId":94350,"journal":{"name":"Phlebology","volume":" ","pages":"2683555251326039"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143631165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk acceptance for deep venous interventions of the lower limb.","authors":"George Hudson, Desmond Chan, Robert Hinchliffe, Baris Ozdemir","doi":"10.1177/02683555251326711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02683555251326711","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objectives:</b> To discover the maximum risk acceptable to patients and clinicians for complications typical to endovascular interventions in the setting of proximal deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS).<b>Design:</b> This was an observational study comparing patient/clinician risk acceptances in interviews using validated Standard Gamble methodology.<b>Methods:</b> 30 patients with previous DVT and 30 vascular clinicians were given a scenario describing a hypothetical case of a patient being managed with acute iliofemoral DVT and another with PTS. Subjects were asked to provide the maximum risk they would accept for individual complications to cure the condition. To interpret variability, the Venous Clinical Severity Score, SF-36 domains and VEINES-QoL for each patient were plotted against their risk acceptance for major bleeding in the DVT scenario.<b>Results:</b> For the DVT scenario, patients accepted high median risks compared to clinicians for major bleeding (40% vs 5%, <i>p</i> < .001), bleeding at other sites (50% vs 5%, <i>p</i> < .001), damage to blood vessels (60% vs 5%, <i>p</i> < .001), further procedures (80% vs 20%, <i>p</i> < .001), and treatment failure (75-80% vs 10-20%, <i>p</i> < .001). However, the gap was lower for intracranial bleeding (5% vs 1%, <i>p</i> = .004), pulmonary embolism (5 vs 5%, <i>p</i> = .39) or death (1% vs 0.75%, <i>p</i> = .77). For the PTS scenario, there were similar results again with a lower difference for pulmonary embolism (10% vs 5%, <i>p</i> = .02) and death (0.5% vs 1%, <i>p</i> = .72). Importantly, patient risk acceptance for major bleeding was negatively correlated to the emotional wellbeing (Rho = -0.43, <i>p</i> = .018) and social functioning (Rho = -0.38, <i>p</i> = .042) SF-36 domains.<b>Conclusion:</b> Overall, patients accepted a greater chance of most adverse events compared with clinicians. Patients prepared to accept greater risk were those with poorer emotional wellbeing and social functioning. It is important to take these issues into account when making shared decisions with patients about the management of their DVT/PTS.</p>","PeriodicalId":94350,"journal":{"name":"Phlebology","volume":" ","pages":"2683555251326711"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The efficacy of aspirin compared to low molecular weight heparin as thromboprophylaxis after orthopedic surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Feng Chen, Jing Guo","doi":"10.1177/02683555251325415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02683555251325415","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Aspirin has increasingly gained attention as a thromboprophylaxis agent for patients undergoing orthopedic surgery; however, the results of recent clinical trials remain controversial. Therefore, in this meta-analysis, we compared the safety and efficacy of aspirin with those of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) for patients undergoing major orthopedic surgeries leading to significant immobility and necessitating anticoagulants to prevent thromboembolic events. <b>Methods:</b> PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and the Cochrane Library were systematically searched from the inception to April 20, 2024, to identify clinical trials and randomized controlled trials comparing the effect of aspirin and LMWH on deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE), venous thromboembolism (VTE), major bleeding, short-term postoperative mortality, and adherence to treatment. VTE included DVT and PE in this study. A random-effects model (<i>DerSimonian-Laird</i>) was employed to pool data. <b>Results:</b> In total, 8 randomized controlled trials with 23,540 participants were included in this study. Compared to LMWH, the use of aspirin was associated with a significantly increased risk of DVT (RR 1.56, 95% CI (1.30-1.86), I² = 0.00%), whereas no significant changes were observed in drug adherence (RR 1.04, 95% CI (0.94-1.14), I² = 94.02%) and risk of PTE (RR 1.18, 95% CI (0.64-2.15), I² = 58.64%), VTE (RR 1.51, 95% CI (0.89-2.57), I² = 24.69%), major bleeding (RR 0.96, 95% CI (0.88-1.04), I² = 0.00%), and mortality (RR 1.07, 95% CI (0.89-1.29), I² = 0.00%) after orthopedic surgery. <b>Conclusion:</b> Aspirin is generally as safe as LMWH for preventing thromboembolic events among patients undergoing orthopedic surgery; however, aspirin can increase the risk of DVT.</p>","PeriodicalId":94350,"journal":{"name":"Phlebology","volume":" ","pages":"2683555251325415"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143627319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breaking the cycle: Addressing the drucebo effect in lymphedema care.","authors":"Roberto Tedeschi","doi":"10.1177/02683555251326698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/02683555251326698","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The drucebo effect, a lesser-known counterpart to the nocebo effect, arises from negative perceptions specifically related to medical interventions and healthcare settings. This phenomenon can significantly influence the management of lymphedema, a chronic and often debilitating condition characterized by fluid retention and tissue swelling. The drucebo effect not only exacerbates symptom perception but also negatively impacts adherence to therapy and overall patient prognosis. This report explores the mechanisms underlying the drucebo effect in lymphedema management, the role of healthcare provider communication, and strategies to mitigate its impact. Addressing the drucebo effect is critical to optimizing therapeutic outcomes and enhancing patient satisfaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":94350,"journal":{"name":"Phlebology","volume":" ","pages":"2683555251326698"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143607597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}