The profile beyond leg pain: In basis of central sensitization, kinesiophobia, and body awareness in patients with chronic venous disease.

Zilan Bazancir-Apaydin, Elif Sakizli Erdal, Ilke Keser, Dilek Erer
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Abstract

Objective: Leg pain has long been underestimated despite being one of the most important symptoms of chronic venous disease (CVD). Studies investigating leg pain and psychosocial profile in CVD are limited. The study aimed to investigate leg pain, central sensitization, kinesiophobia, and body awareness in patients with CVD. Methods: The ninety-eight patients (80 female, 18 male) diagnosed with CVD were included in the study. The severity of leg pain was evaluated with the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The patients were assessed with the Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI-A and B) for central sensitization-related symptoms and -positivity, the Body Awareness Questionnaire (BAQ) for body awareness, and the Tampa Kinesiophobia Scale (TKS) for kinesiophobia. The cut-off score was admitted as 41 for TKS. Results: The leg pain (mean (SD) = 4.3 ± 2) and body awareness (mean (SD) = 82.4 ± 22) were moderate levels in patients with CVD. Nearly half of the patients (n = 46, 46.9%) had both central sensitization positivity and elevated kinesiophobia (n = 46, 47%). The CSI was correlated with the VAS (r = 0.32, p = .001), TKS (r = 0.40, p < .001), and BAQ (r = 0.20, p = .048). Significant correlations were determined between Body Mass Index and TKS (r = 0.48, p < .001) and BAQ (r = -0.31, p = .002). Also, the patients with a TKS score ≥41-points had higher CSI-A scores (p = .002) than those with a TKS score< 41. Conclusions: Leg pain, central sensitization, and kinesiophobia are commonly seen in patients with CVD, and central sensitization seems to have a negative effect on leg pain, kinesiophobia, and body awareness. The profile beyond pain should be evaluated in detail, and various rehabilitation strategies need to be developed to manage central sensitization, interoception, kinesiophobia, and weight control in patients with CVD.

腿痛之外的概况:慢性静脉疾病患者的中枢敏感性、运动恐惧症和身体意识的基础。
目的:腿痛是慢性静脉疾病(CVD)最重要的症状之一,但长期以来一直被低估。有关 CVD 中腿部疼痛和社会心理状况的研究十分有限。本研究旨在调查 CVD 患者的腿痛、中枢敏感性、运动恐惧症和身体意识。研究方法研究纳入了 98 名确诊为心血管疾病的患者(80 名女性,18 名男性)。腿部疼痛的严重程度用视觉模拟量表(VAS)进行评估。中枢敏感性量表(CSI-A 和 B)用于评估中枢敏感性相关症状和阳性反应,身体意识问卷(BAQ)用于评估身体意识,坦帕运动恐惧症量表(TKS)用于评估运动恐惧症。TKS 的临界值为 41 分。结果心血管疾病患者的腿痛(平均值(标清)= 4.3 ± 2)和身体知觉(平均值(标清)= 82.4 ± 22)处于中等水平。近一半的患者(n = 46,46.9%)同时具有中枢敏化阳性和运动恐怖症(n = 46,47%)。CSI 与 VAS(r = 0.32,p = .001)、TKS(r = 0.40,p < .001)和 BAQ(r = 0.20,p = .048)相关。体重指数与 TKS(r = 0.48,p < .001)和 BAQ(r = -0.31,p = .002)之间存在显著相关性。此外,TKS评分≥41分的患者比TKS评分<41分的患者有更高的CSI-A评分(p = .002)。结论腿痛、中枢敏化和运动恐惧是心血管疾病患者的常见症状,而中枢敏化似乎对腿痛、运动恐惧和身体意识有负面影响。应详细评估疼痛以外的特征,并制定各种康复策略,以控制心血管疾病患者的中枢敏感化、互感、运动恐惧和体重控制。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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