Cancer Causes & Control最新文献

{"title":"Motivating smoking cessation among patients with cancers not perceived as smoking-related: a targeted intervention.","authors":"Ursula Martinez, Thomas H Brandon, Graham W Warren, Vani N Simmons","doi":"10.1007/s10552-024-01931-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10552-024-01931-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Smoking after cancer impairs cancer treatment outcomes and prognosis, regardless of cancer type. Prior data suggest that patients with cancers other than lung or head/neck cancer had lower cessation motivation, which in turn predicted lower smoking abstinence. This study evaluated feasibility for a future efficacy trial and assessed the acceptability of brief self-help materials, targeted by cancer type, to enhance cessation motivation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Patients had a diagnosis of skin melanoma, breast, bladder, colorectal, or gynecological cancers within ≤ 6 months, smoked ≥ 1 cigarette in the past month, and were not currently participating in a cessation program. After completing a baseline assessment, participants received the booklet corresponding to their cancer type. Follow-ups were conducted 1 week and 1 month post-intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 118 patients potentially eligible, 109 were successfully contacted and 53 patients were eligible and all consented. Among consenting patients, 92.5% completed baseline, and 90.6% received the intervention. Among patients receiving the intervention, 91.7% completed all study procedures and follow-up. At 1 month, 87.5% reported reading the booklet and 92.8% rated it as good/excellent. Motivation to quit smoking increased over time among those with lower motivation at baseline, 33.3% sought smoking cessation assistance, and 25.0% were smoke-free 1 month post-intervention.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrated the feasibility and acceptability of the first intervention developed for patients with cancers not typically associated with smoking. This low-cost and easy to disseminate intervention has potential to increase motivation to quit smoking among patients with cancers not typically perceived as smoking-related.</p>","PeriodicalId":9432,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Causes & Control","volume":" ","pages":"127-134"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11774673/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142495661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methylation-based immune deconvolution in prostate cancer patients before and after radical prostatectomy.","authors":"Lauren M Hurwitz, Maeve Bailey-Whyte, Michael A Daneshvar, Cathy D Vocke, Julian Custer, Bríd M Ryan, Stefan Ambs, Peter A Pinto, Emily L Rossi","doi":"10.1007/s10552-024-01924-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10552-024-01924-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Surgery, an established short-term immunosuppressive event, may spur dissemination of circulating tumor cells and promote the growth of micrometastases. Whether surgical treatment for prostate cancer (i.e., radical prostatectomy) leads to long-term immune changes is unknown.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We characterized intra-individual changes in circulating immune cell subsets across a six-month period using serial blood samples from prostate cancer patients pre- and post-radical prostatectomy (n = 11), and from a comparison group managed with active surveillance (n = 8). Immune cell subsets for each patient at each time point were deconvoluted using genome-wide methylation data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were no statistically significant intra-individual changes in immune cell proportions from pre- to six months post-radical prostatectomy. There were also no intra-individual changes in immune cell proportions in the active surveillance group, and no differences between treatment groups in immune cell changes over time.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We observed no meaningful changes in circulating immune cell subsets six months after radical prostatectomy, suggesting that surgery-induced immune changes may not be long-lasting.</p>","PeriodicalId":9432,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Causes & Control","volume":" ","pages":"101-106"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142399488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adjuvant endocrine therapy and risk of contralateral breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.","authors":"Rajrupa Ghosh, Ruth M Pfeiffer, Sylvia Roberts, Gretchen L Gierach, Cher M Dallal","doi":"10.1007/s10552-024-01900-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10552-024-01900-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Randomized clinical trials support reductions in contralateral breast cancer (CBC) risk with use of adjuvant endocrine therapy, however, real-world treatment effects, particularly for subgroups of breast cancer survivors, remain inconclusive. To address this, population-based observational studies of adjuvant endocrine therapy and CBC were synthesized and meta-analyzed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed and Embase databases were systematically searched for observational studies of endocrine therapy use and CBC risk. Random effects meta-analyses estimated summary relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between endocrine therapy (ever use of tamoxifen and/or aromatase inhibitors (AIs)) and CBC risk. Heterogeneity across studies was assessed using the I² test. Subgroup analyses were conducted by study design, menopausal status, and CBC estrogen receptor (ER)-status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventeen eligible observational studies (n = 287,576 breast cancer survivors) published between 1995 and 2019 were included. Endocrine therapy use was associated with reduced CBC risk (RR:0.62, 95% CI:0.53, 0.73, I² = 84.8%, p < 0.0001). No heterogeneity was observed by study design (p_het = 0.9). Similar reductions were observed in analyses restricted to tamoxifen use. As only two studies assessed AI use, estimates could not be meta-analyzed. In subgroup analyses, there were no differences in CBC risk reduction by menopausal status (p_het = 0.22). Endocrine therapy reduced risk of ER-positive (RR:0.55, 95% CI:0.43, 0.70) but not ER-negative CBC (RR:1.26, 95% CI:0.95, 1.66) (p_het < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This meta-analysis of observational studies supports a reduction in CBC risk with endocrine therapy among breast cancer survivors, in concert with evidence synthesized from randomized clinical trials, and highlights differences in endocrine therapy effectiveness by ER-status of CBC.</p>","PeriodicalId":9432,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Causes & Control","volume":" ","pages":"107-126"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142388285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between body mass index and vulvar and vaginal cancer incidence: findings from a large Norwegian cohort study.","authors":"Dagfinn Aune, Marie Nordsletten, Tor Åge Myklebust, Trude Eid Robsahm, Bjørn Steen Skålhegg, Tom Mala, Sheraz Yaqub, Usman Saeed","doi":"10.1007/s10552-024-01930-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10552-024-01930-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is limited evidence of potential associations between body mass index (BMI) and risk of vulvar and vaginal cancer. We explored these associations in a large cohort of Norwegian women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The analytical dataset included 889,441 women aged 16-75 years at baseline in 1963-1975. Multivariable Cox regression analyses were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations between BMI and vulvar and vaginal cancer incidence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During 30.1 million person-years of follow-up, 1748 incident vulvar and 408 incident vaginal cancer cases occurred. The HRs (95% CIs) for vulvar cancer for a BMI of 15- < 18.5, 18.5- < 25, 25- < 30, 30- < 35, ≥ 35 were 0.62 (0.38-1.01), 1.00 (reference), 1.23 (1.10-1.40), 1.43 (1.23-1.66) and 1.72 (1.35-2.20, p_trend < 0.001), and per 5 kg/m² increment was 1.20 (1.13-1.26). The corresponding HRs (95% CIs) for vaginal cancer were 1.05 (0.52-2.15), 1.00, 0.89 (0.71-1.12), 0.95 (0.68-1.34), and 2.01 (1.29-3.13, p_trend < 0.001), respectively, and per 5 kg/m² was 1.11 (0.99-1.25). The HR (95% CI) per 5 kg/m² increase in BMI at ages 16-29 was 1.28 (1.07-1.54, n = 250 cases) for vulvar and 1.53 (1.11-2.11, n = 66 cases) for vaginal cancers. The HR (95% CI) per 5 kg/m² for early-onset (< 50 years age at diagnosis) vulvar cancer was 0.92 (0.66-1.28, n = 87 cases) and 1.70 (1.05-2.76, n = 21 cases) for vaginal cancer.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results further support the associations between higher BMI and increased risk of vulvar and vaginal cancers, with suggestive stronger associations between BMI in early adulthood for both cancers and for early-onset vaginal cancer. Further studies are needed to elucidate these findings and investigate the underlying mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":9432,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Causes & Control","volume":" ","pages":"191-198"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11774981/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142495662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disparities in lung cancer screening utilization at two health systems in the Southeastern USA.","authors":"Soumya J Niranjan, Desiree Rivers, Rekha Ramachandran, JEdward Murrell, Kayleigh C Curry, Mohammed Mubasher, Eric Flenaugh, Mark T Dransfield, Sejong Bae, Isabel C Scarinci","doi":"10.1007/s10552-024-01929-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10552-024-01929-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Low-dose computed tomography lung cancer screening is effective for reducing lung cancer mortality. It is critical to understand the lung cancer screening practices for screen-eligible individuals living in Alabama and Georgia where lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death. High lung cancer incidence and mortality rates are attributed to high smoking rates among underserved, low income, and rural populations. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to define sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of patients who were screened for lung cancer at an Academic Medical Center (AMC) in Alabama and a Safety Net Hospital (SNH) in Georgia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cohort study of screen-eligible patients was constructed using electronic health records between 2015 and 2020 seen at an Academic Medical Center (AMC) and a Safety Net Hospital (SNH) separately. Chi-square tests and Student t tests were used to compare screening uptake across patient demographic and clinical variables. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions determined significant predictors of lung cancer screening uptake.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At the AMC, 67,355 were identified as eligible for LCS and 1,129 were screened. In bivariate analyses, there were several differences between those who were screened and those who were not screened. Screening status in the site at Alabama-those with active tobacco use are significantly more likely to be screened than former smokers (OR: 3.208, p < 0.01). For every 10-unit increase in distance, the odds of screening decreased by about 15% (OR: 0.848, p < 0.01). For every 10-year increase in age, the odds of screening decrease by about 30% (OR: 0.704, p < 0.01). Each additional comorbidity increases the odds of screening by about 7.5% (OR: 1.075, p < 0.01). Those with both private and public insurance have much higher odds of screening compared to those with only private insurance (OR: 5.403, p < 0.01). However, those with only public insurance have lower odds of screening compared to those with private insurance (OR: 0.393, p < 0.01). At the SNH-each additional comorbidity increased the odds of screening by about 11.9% (OR: 1.119, p = 0.01). Notably, those with public insurance have significantly higher odds of being screened compared to those with private insurance (OR: 2.566, p < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study provides evidence that LCS has not reached all subgroups and that additional targeted efforts are needed to increase lung cancer screening uptake. Furthermore, disparity was noticed between adults living closer to screening institutions and those who lived farther.</p>","PeriodicalId":9432,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Causes & Control","volume":" ","pages":"135-145"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142458614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring estrogen-related mechanisms in ovarian carcinogenesis: association between bone mineral density and ovarian cancer risk in a multivariable Mendelian randomization study.","authors":"Karen M Tuesley, Penelope M Webb, Melinda M Protani, Peter Donovan, Susan J Jordan, Suzanne Dixon-Suen","doi":"10.1007/s10552-024-01926-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10552-024-01926-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Estrogen may play a role in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) carcinogenesis, with effects varying by EOC histotype. Measuring women's long-term exposure to estrogen is difficult, but bone mineral density (BMD) may be a reasonable proxy of longer-term exposure. We examined this relationship by assessing the association between genetic predisposition for higher BMD and risk of EOC by histotype.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess associations between genetic markers for femoral neck and lumbar spine BMD and each EOC histotype. We used multivariable MR (MVMR) to adjust for probable pleiotropic traits, including body mass index, height, menarcheal age, menopausal age, smoking, alcohol intake, and vitamin D.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Univariable analyses suggested greater BMD was associated with increased risk of endometrioid EOC (per standard deviation increase; lumbar spine OR = 1.21; 95% CI 0.93,1.57, femoral neck: OR = 1.25; 0.99,1.57), but sensitivity analyses indicated that pleiotropy was likely. Adjustment using MVMR reduced the magnitude of estimates slightly (lumbar spine: OR = 1.13; 95% CI 1.00,1.28, femoral neck: OR = 1.18; 1.03,1.36). Results for lumbar spine BMD and high-grade serous EOC were also suggestive of an association (univariable MR: OR = 1.16; 95% CI 1.03,1.30; MVMR: OR = 1.06; 0.99,1.14).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study found associations between genetic predisposition to higher BMD, a proxy for long-term estrogen exposure, and risk of developing endometroid and high-grade serous EOC cancers. These findings add to existing evidence of the relationship between estrogen and increased risk of EOC for certain histotypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":9432,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Causes & Control","volume":" ","pages":"171-182"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11775049/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142458615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence and concordance of penile, anal, and oral human papillomavirus infections among sexually active heterosexual men in Ibadan, Nigeria.","authors":"Imran O Morhason-Bello, Kathy Baisley, Miquel Angel Pavon, Isaac F Adewole, Rasheed Bakare, Sikiru A Adebayo, Silvia de Sanjosé, Suzanna C Francis, Deborah Watson-Jones","doi":"10.1007/s10552-024-01920-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10552-024-01920-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The data on epidemiology of Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in men are scarce relative to women generally, particularly among men engaging in heterosexual relationships. This study investigated the prevalence and risk factors for penile, anal, and oral HPV in men in two communities in Ibadan, Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a cross-sectional survey involving a face-to-face interview, a clinical examination, and sample collection from participants. HPV genotyping was performed with Anyplex II 28 HPV assay. The prevalences and factors associated with HPV infections using multivariable models and concordance between sites.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 316 men, the proportion of any HPV infection in the penile, anal, and oral sites was 40.5%, 9.7%, and 7.8%, respectively. The proportion of any high-risk HPV, low-risk HPV, and multiple HPV infections was highest in the penis followed by the anal and oral sites. Only 5/316 (1.6%) men had concordant HPV in all three sites, with the highest concordance in penile-anal sites relative to penile-oral and anal-oral sites. The odds of penile HPV were higher in men aged 25 years and above. Having penile HPV was associated with higher odds of detecting anal HPV and vice versa. Oral HPV was less likely in men not living with their sexual partners.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Penile HPV is the most common infection followed by anal HPV and oral HPV infections among heterosexual Nigerian men. Concordant HPV infections was highest in penile-anal sites. Nigerian men, as in other settings, are a reservoir of HPV and it is important to conduct more robust studies to appreciate their role in HPV transmission, epidemiology, and prevention.</p>","PeriodicalId":9432,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Causes & Control","volume":" ","pages":"51-66"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142364498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of bladder cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective population-based cohort study in Lithuania.","authors":"Adomas Ladukas, Ausvydas Patasius, Marius Kincius, Mingaile Drevinskaite, Justinas Jonusas, Donata Linkeviciute-Ulinskiene, Lina Zabuliene, Giedre Smailyte","doi":"10.1007/s10552-024-01911-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10552-024-01911-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The objective of our study was to evaluate bladder cancer risk among Lithuanian type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and the effect of antihyperglycemic therapy on bladder cancer risk.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed bladder cancer risk in a cohort of patients who were diagnosed with T2DM between 2001 and 2012 in Lithuania. Bladder cancer risk in four groups of antihyperglycemic medication users (insulin-only, metformin-only, sulfonylurea-only, and pioglitazone ± any other drug) was also assessed. Standardized incidence ratios for bladder cancer were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 76,818 patients (28,762 males and 48,056 females) with T2DM were included in the final cohort. In the whole cohort of diabetic patients, 277 bladder cancer cases were observed, compared to 232.75 expected cases, according to bladder cancer rates in the general population (Standardized Incidence Ratio 1.19; 95% Confidence Interval: 1.06-1.34). Higher risk of bladder cancer was found in both men and women; however, in women the risk increase was not statistically significant. We found higher risk of bladder cancer in patients of both sexes diagnosed with T2DM at the age of 50-79 years and also in all groups of different antihyperglycemic medication users.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>T2DM was associated with increased risk of bladder cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":9432,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Causes & Control","volume":" ","pages":"21-25"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11761827/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142280497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical activity before and after cancer diagnosis and mortality risk in three large prospective cohorts.","authors":"Cami N Christopher, Paulette D Chandler, Xuehong Zhang, Deirdre K Tobias, Aditi Hazra, J Michael Gaziano, Julie E Buring, I-Min Lee, Howard D Sesso","doi":"10.1007/s10552-024-01925-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10552-024-01925-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Physical activity (PA) can improve cancer survival; however, whether the timing of PA differentially affects mortality risk is unclear. We evaluated the association between PA levels pre- and post-diagnosis and mortality risk in the Women's Health Study (WHS), Physicians' Health Study (PHS)-I, and PHS-II prospective cohorts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We categorized PA pre- and post-diagnosis as active (WHS: ≥ 7.5 metabolic equivalent (MET)-h/week; PHS: vigorous PA ≥ 2-4 times/week) or inactive. We analyzed changes in pre- and post-diagnosis PA levels as four joint categories: (1) Inactive → Inactive, (2) Active → Inactive, (3) Inactive → Active, and (4) Active → Active, on mortality risk using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 10,541 participants with incident cancer and 3,696 deaths during follow-up. Compared to maintaining inactivity in both periods, remaining active pre- and post-diagnosis observed lower all-cause (Hazard Ratio [95% confidence interval]: WHS: 0.55 [0.47-0.64]; PHS-I: 0.77 [0.67-0.88]), cancer (WHS: 0.55 [0.45-0.67]; PHS-I: 0.75; [0.61-0.92]) and non-cancer/cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality risks (WHS: 0.49 [0.38-0.65]). Similarly, becoming active post-diagnosis was associated with lower all-cause (WHS: 0.60 (0.48-0.75]; PHS-I: 0.72 [0.61-0.88]), cancer (WHS: 0.65 [0.49-0.86]; PHS-I: 0.64 [0.49-0.84]), and non-cancer/CVD mortality risk (WHS: 0.49 [0.33-0.75]). Being active pre- and post-diagnosis was associated with lower mortality risks in separate analyses, although significance differed by cohort and outcome.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Remaining active pre- and post-diagnosis and becoming active post-diagnosis may be associated with improvements in cancer survival, however, research is needed across diverse cancer populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":9432,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Causes & Control","volume":" ","pages":"81-91"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142388302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A scoping review of evidence on routine cervical cancer screening in South Asia: investigating factors affecting adoption and implementation.","authors":"Priyobrat Rajkhowa, Mebin Mathew, Razeena Fadra, Soumyajit Saha, K Rakshitha, Prakash Narayanan, Helmut Brand","doi":"10.1007/s10552-024-01923-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10552-024-01923-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>NEED: Cervical cancer is a major global public health issue, particularly affecting low and middle-income countries, distinctly in the South Asian region. This geographical region lacks a well-organized routine cervical screening program. Consequently, this scoping review aimed to investigate the evidence on factors influencing the adoption and implementation of routine cervical cancer screening in South Asia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adopting the \"Arksey and O'Malley and Levac et al.\" methodology, databases such as PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus were scrutinized in the pursuit of relevant studies. Subsequently, the collected data were synthesized by adopting the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 837 records were initially identified and screened for eligibility, including 55 studies. The successful adoption and implementation of cervical cancer screening in South Asia encounter numerous obstacles within the health system, including the absence of a comprehensive program protocol for screening, inadequate health infrastructure, and the presence of multiple sociocultural factors, such as social stigma, low levels of education, and concerns related to modesty.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To optimize adoption and implementation, it is imperative to construct a customized policy framework that incorporates a risk communication strategy tailored to the specific contexts of these nations. Drawing insights from the experiences of South Asian countries in executing cervical cancer screening programs can inform the formulation of policies for similar healthcare initiatives aimed at facilitating the expansion of HPV vaccination efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":9432,"journal":{"name":"Cancer Causes & Control","volume":" ","pages":"67-79"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11761498/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142388284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}