Experimental oncology最新文献

{"title":"TUMOR-ASSOCIATED MACROPHAGES: RELATIONSHIP WITH CLINICAL STATUS OF PATIENTS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF BREAST CANCER.","authors":"A Pavlova, O Mushii, V Bazas, I Karacharova, T Zadvornyi, N Lukianova","doi":"10.15407/exp-oncology.2025.02.197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/exp-oncology.2025.02.197","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Infiltration of the tumor microenvironment by macrophages plays a key role in the progression of breast cancer (BC), modulating tumor growth, angiogenesis, immunosuppression, and metastasis. However, the association between macrophage infiltration levels and the clinicopathological characteristics of BC, including the molecular subtype of the neoplasm and receptor status, remains insufficiently studied.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To investigate the relationship between macrophage infiltration in BC tissue and the extent of tumor spread as well as the molecular profile of the neoplasms.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Using immunohistochemistry, the level of infiltration of tumor tissue by CD68+ (total macrophages) and CD163+ (M2 phenotype macrophages) tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) was assessed in the postoperative samples from 67 patients with BC stage I-II.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The level of CD68+ macrophage infiltration in BC tissue was associated with the disease stage (p = 0.004), tumor size (T category) (p = 0.026), and the presence of metastases in regional lymph nodes (p = 0.047). The highest number of CD163+ M2-like macrophages was recorded in poorly differentiated BC tissue (p = 0.024) and in neoplasms of the basal-like molecular subtype (p = 0.023). The lowest numbers of both CD68+ and CD163+ macrophages were detected in HER2/neu-positive tumors (p = 0.023). The data indicated that BC tumors classified as T2 and N1-N3 were characterized by an increased content of M1-polarized macrophages, whereas in basal-like BC and poorly differentiated tumors (G3), the M2 macrophage subpopulation predominated. This contributed to the formation of an immunosuppressive tumor phenotype and indicated the potential prognostic significance of macrophage infiltration in malignant breast neoplasms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The topology and quantitative characteristics of macrophage infiltration in tumor tissue are closely associated with the extent of BC spread and the molecular profile of the neoplasms. The CD68+/CD163+ cell ratio may reflect the balance between antitumor and immunosuppressive mechanisms within the microenvironment and be considered a potential prognostic marker.</p>","PeriodicalId":94318,"journal":{"name":"Experimental oncology","volume":"47 2","pages":"197-206"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145245903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"STRESS-INDUCED MODULATION OF THE TUMOR MICROENVIRONMENT: MECHANISMS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER PROGRESSION.","authors":"V Chekhun, T Burda, O Mushii, A Pavlova, T Borikun, T Zadvornyi, N Lukianova","doi":"10.15407/exp-oncology.2025.02.127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/exp-oncology.2025.02.127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic stress is one of the key exogenous factors that can significantly affect tumor cell biology by disrupting the regulation of the tumor microenvironment (TME), thereby promoting the manifestation of the malignant process. Activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system induced by stressors leads to the secretion of glucocorticoids and catecholamines, which contribute to the deregulation of microenvironmental components that determine the aggressiveness of malignant neoplasms. This review systematizes the current views on the impact of stress-induced signals on the immune, stromal, vascular, and metabolic components of the TME and analyzes their contribution to the formation of an aggressive tumor phenotype. Particular attention is given to the interplay between neurohumoral stress, the gut, and the intratumoral microbiome, forming a complex networked environment supporting tumor progression. Advancing the understanding of molecular interactions between stress mediators and cellular elements of the TME will provide a foundation for developing innovative therapeutic strategies targeting not only the tumor itself but also minimizing the adverse effects of stress on individual components of the TME.</p>","PeriodicalId":94318,"journal":{"name":"Experimental oncology","volume":"47 2","pages":"127-142"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145245914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ANGIOSARCOMA ASSOCIATED WITH RADIATION THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH A HISTORY OF INVASIVE BREAST CARCINOMA. A CASE REPORT AND REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE.","authors":"V Zaichuk, A Samusieva, M Diatel, I Vashchenko, P Gordiichuk","doi":"10.15407/exp-oncology.2025.02.260","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/exp-oncology.2025.02.260","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Angiosarcoma of the breast is a rare malignant tumor and accounts for 1% of all soft tissue tumors of the breast. Breast angiosarcoma caused by previous radiation therapy more frequently affects older women with a history of breast cancer. The standard treatment for such patients is radical surgery, but there are still many debatable questions regarding the treatment of these malignant tumors. The purpose of this article is to review the medical literature on angiosarcomas associated with radiotherapy and describe a case as an example.</p>","PeriodicalId":94318,"journal":{"name":"Experimental oncology","volume":"47 2","pages":"260-264"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145246164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INTERPLAY OF LNCRNAS, METABOLIC CELL DEATH, AND IMMUNE MICROENVIRONMENT IN GENITOURINARY MALIGNANCIES.","authors":"V Gordiiuk, L Shevchenko, D Todoryshyn, V Kashuba, O Mankovska","doi":"10.15407/exp-oncology.2025.02.143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/exp-oncology.2025.02.143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Genitourinary cancers, including prostate, bladder, and renal cancers, represent a significant global health burden due to their high prevalence and resistance to conventional therapies. A critical aspect of cancer progression is metabolic reprogramming, which not only fuels uncontrolled growth but also profoundly influences programmed cell death pathways and the tumor immune microenvironment. This review synthesizes current research on the intricate roles of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in modulating three emerging forms of regulated cell death - cuproptosis, ferroptosis, and disulfidptosis - within the context of genitourinary malignancies. We discuss how specific lncRNA signatures are implicated in the regulation of these metabolic cell death pathways, affecting cancer cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Furthermore, we explore the compelling association between these lncRNA expression patterns and the characteristics of the tumor immune microenvironment, highlighting their potential as prognostic biomarkers and indicators for stratifying patient responses to immunotherapy. The evidence presented underscores the multifaceted functions of lncRNAs in cancer metabolism and immunity, positioning them as promising therapeutic targets and informative biomarkers for precision oncology in genitourinary cancers.</p>","PeriodicalId":94318,"journal":{"name":"Experimental oncology","volume":"47 2","pages":"143-155"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145246184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ASCORBYL PALMITATE ENHANCES ANTI-PROLIFERATIVE EFFECT OF TRASTUZUMAB IN HER2-POSITIVE BREAST CANCER CELLS.","authors":"R Serttas, K Tabakcioglu, S Erdogan","doi":"10.15407/exp-oncology.2025.02.156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15407/exp-oncology.2025.02.156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Breast cancer (BC) accounts for about 30% of cancers in women, with a mortality rate of around 15%. HER2- positive BC, an aggressive subtype, represents 15-20% of all BC cases. High-dose vitamin C has shown antitumor effects by increasing reactive oxygen species in cancer cells without significant toxicity.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to explore an in vitro dual treatment using ascorbyl palmitate (AP), a lipophilic vitamin C derivative, and trastuzumab, an HER2 receptor blocker.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>HER2-positive SK-BR-3 BC cells were treated with AP, trastuzumab, or their combination. The cell survival MTT assay, apoptosis, and cell cycle phase analysis were conducted using flow cytometry, while mRNA and protein expression were assessed using RT-qPCR and Western blot methods. Ki-67 expression was evaluated by immunofluorescence assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>AP reduced cell viability in a time- and dose-dependent manner, and its combination with trastuzumab further decreased cell viability. A cytometric analysis showed enhanced apoptosis after combination treatment. mRNA analysis revealed upregulated TP53 mRNA expression, along with upregulation of BAX, CYCS, CASP3, and CASP8 gene expression, while the BCL-2 and BCL2L1 genes were downregulated, further supporting the induction of apoptosis. The antiproliferative effectiveness of the combination therapy was demonstrated by a Western blot assay, which showed suppression of phospho-P38, ERK1/2, and PI3K protein synthesis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results underscore the potential effects of combining AP and trastuzumab in BC treatment, guiding future therapeutic strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":94318,"journal":{"name":"Experimental oncology","volume":"47 2","pages":"156-166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145246147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"APPENDICULAR MUCINOUS CYSTADENOMA AND CYSTOADENOSARCOMA IN GYNECOLOGICAL PRACTICE. CLINICAL CASES AND LITERATURE REVIEW.","authors":"V O Sklyarova, V V Maksymyuk, R A Chajkivskyj, O V Prykupenko, O M Nepyivoda, T Yu Rozhanskyi, Yu T Martyn, V R Chajkivska","doi":"10.15407/exp-oncology.2025.01.108","DOIUrl":"10.15407/exp-oncology.2025.01.108","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tumors of the right uterine appendages cannot always be distinguished from mucous neoplasms of the appendix (MA) at the preoperative stage. According to the literature, MA is traditionally considered more common in women than in men at the age of 50 years, with a ratio of 4:1. We have identified 2 cases of surgical treatment of MA in gynecological practice, one of mucinous cystadenoma and the other of mucinous cystadenocarcinoma. We present the visual intraoperative assessment of the appendix condition in cystadenoma and cystadenocarcinoma, clinical manifestations, diagnostic discrepancies, and operative tactics. The literature on the detection of appendicular mucocele that mimics ovarian tumor formations in women has been reviewed. The features of diagnostics and possible diagnostic errors were summarized. Diagnostic laparoscopy, visual and operative clinical experience of the surgeon, and cytological and histological examinations of intra- and postoperative results allow for an adequate treatment. It is advisable that the stages and course of appendectomy be reviewed by operating gynecologists and, if necessary, general surgeons.</p>","PeriodicalId":94318,"journal":{"name":"Experimental oncology","volume":"47 1","pages":"108-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144661509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HOMOERIODICTYOL INHIBITS SURVIVAL AND MIGRATION OF ANDROGEN-RESISTANT PROSTATE CANCER CELLS IN VITRO.","authors":"A Güvenç, K Üstündağ, A Yörüyüş, R Serttas, S Erdogan","doi":"10.15407/exp-oncology.2025.01.034","DOIUrl":"10.15407/exp-oncology.2025.01.034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Flavonoids, naturally occurring compounds found in plant-based products, are being investigated as potential non-invasive treatments due to their ability to inhibit cell growth, induce apoptosis, and prevent cell migration.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aims to investigate the effects of homoeriodictyol, a member of the flavanone group, both alone and in combination with docetaxel on the survival, apoptosis, migration, and proliferation of prostate cancer cells.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Androgen-resistant prostate cancer PC3 cells were treated with various concentrations of homoeriodictyol, docetaxel, or a combination of both for 72 h. The treatment effects on cell survival, migration, apoptosis, and gene expression were evaluated using the MTT test, wound healing assay, Hoechst staining, and realtime PCR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Homoeriodictyol induced apoptosis in PC3 cells in a concentration-dependent manner, with a more potent effect in combination with docetaxel. Apoptosis occurred through both intrinsic and extrinsic caspase pathways, leading to the upregulation of CASP3, CASP8, TP53, BAX, and CYCS, and downregulation of BCL2 mRNA expression. Homoeriodictyol also exhibited antimigratory effects via upregulating CDH1, while decreasing CDH2 expression levels. It suppressed epithelial-mesenchymal transition by downregulating the expression of TWIST, SNAIL, and ZEB1, which correlated with the observed antimigratory effects in wound healing assays.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Homoeriodictyol exerted potent effects and inhibited prostate cancer cell proliferation and migration, especially when used in combination with docetaxel.</p>","PeriodicalId":94318,"journal":{"name":"Experimental oncology","volume":"47 1","pages":"34-43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144661517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FEATURES OF L-ARGININE-CITRULLINE CYCLE FUNCTIONING IN PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE MYELOMA WITH CONCOMITANT CORONARY HEART DISEASE.","authors":"V L Ostrovskyi, I M Skrypnyk, G S Maslova ., O A Shaposhnyk","doi":"10.15407/exp-oncology.2025.01.076","DOIUrl":"10.15407/exp-oncology.2025.01.076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Disorders of the L-arginine-citrulline cycle affect the functioning of the cardiovascular system. Cancerinduced augmentation of arginase activity stimulates the biotransformation of L-arginine to form polyamines, which causes NO deficiency and increases the risk of endothelial dysfunction in the category of high-risk patients for developing cytostatic-induced cardiotoxicity. The aim was to investigate features of L-arginine-citrulline cycle functioning in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and concomitant coronary artery disease (CAD) during chemotherapy (CT).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>42 patients with MM progression were examined and divided into 2 groups: group І (n = 20) - patients without CAD and group II (n = 22) - patients with CAD. The concentrations of L-arginine and citrulline and the activity of arginase in the blood serum of the patients were measured before and after the 1st and 5th courses of chemotherapy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Before chemotherapy, in patients of both groups, the blood serum level of L-arginine decreased, while the activity of arginase and the level of citrulline increased compared to healthy individuals. In patients of group II, the level of citrulline was higher than in patients of group I. After the 5th course of chemotherapy, L-arginine content in patients of both groups increased and citrulline levels decreased compared to the initial examination.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The progression of MM was accompanied by a decrease in the blood serum content of L-arginine along with an increase in the arginase activity in the blood serum compared to practically healthy individuals. An increase in the cumulative dose of cytostatics during CT in the MM patients with concomitant CAD led to a decrease in the content of L-arginine in the blood serum with a simultaneous increase in the content of citrulline compared to corresponding levels in MM patients without concomitant CAD.</p>","PeriodicalId":94318,"journal":{"name":"Experimental oncology","volume":"47 1","pages":"76-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144661516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"REPROGRAMMING OF GLUCOSE METABOLISM IN HUMAN BREAST CANCER CELLS AFTER CO-CULTIVATION WITH BIFIDOBACTERIUM ANIMALIS.","authors":"T Kozak, O Lykhova, V Chekhun","doi":"10.15407/exp-oncology.2025.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.15407/exp-oncology.2025.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The ability to reorganize metabolic processes is one of the key properties of malignant cells necessary to ensure high energy needs, survival, proliferation, metastasis, and resistance to anticancer drugs. Lactic acid bacteria, in particular Bifidobacteria, are important elements of the tumor microenvironment in breast cancer (BC) and, as active lactate producers, can influence the metabolic phenotype of malignant cells.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To study the effect of B. animalis on some components of glucose metabolism pathways and the expression of proteins associated with this process in human BC cells of different molecular subtypes.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The study was performed on human BC cells of the T-47D, MCF-7 (luminal subtype), and MDA-MB-231 (basal subtype) lines and live culture of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis (B. animalis). A colorimetric enzymatic technique, flow cytometry, immunocytochemical analysis, and cell viability trypan blue exclusion assay were used in the study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Co-cultivation of BC cells with B. animalis resulted in a significant (p < 0.05) increase in the glucose consumption rate by 1.2-4.7 times, lactate production by 15-115%, and LDH activity by 15-160% in BC cells compared to control cells. The most pronounced changes were observed in BC cells of the luminal subtype where they were accompanied by an increase in the expression of the GLUT1 glucose transporter by 30-80% compared to control cells. Also, after co-cultivation with B. animalis, we detected an increased expression of the STAT6 transcription factor in BC cells of all three lines.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Co-cultivation of BC cells with B. animalis is accompanied by an increase in glycolysis. B. animalis affected not only the biochemical components of the glucose metabolism pathway but also the expression levels of STAT6, GLUT1, and insulin receptor.</p>","PeriodicalId":94318,"journal":{"name":"Experimental oncology","volume":"47 1","pages":"3-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144661522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DIFFUSE LARGE B-CELL LYMPHOMA COMPLICATED BY BLEEDING FROM VARICOSE VEINS OF THE STOMACH AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF SINISTRAL PORTAL HYPERTENSION. CASE STUDY AND LITERATURE REVIEW.","authors":"D Rudyk, M Tutchenko, S Chub, M Besedinskyi, A Lovin, I Ahapchenko","doi":"10.15407/exp-oncology.2025.01.102","DOIUrl":"10.15407/exp-oncology.2025.01.102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Among 11,152 patients treated for complicated portal hypertension (PH) in the Kyiv Emergency Hospital in 2000- 2023, 394 (3.5%) had sinistral portal hypertension (SPH), the etiological factor of which in one patient (0.25% of SPH cases, 0.009% of all PH cases) was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). We provide an example of successful surgical treatment of a patient with DLBCL that was complicated by the development of SPH with bleeding from varicose veins of the stomach. A peculiarity and difference between SPH and other forms of PH is not only the preserved patency of the portal vein and the normal gradient of portal pressure but also the preserved liver function.</p>","PeriodicalId":94318,"journal":{"name":"Experimental oncology","volume":"47 1","pages":"102-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144661513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}