Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets最新文献

{"title":"Drug-Induced Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome: A FAERS Database and Network Pharmacology Analysis.","authors":"Sa Xiao, Long Lin, Xiao-Hong Chen, Lu-Wen Lei, Min Wang","doi":"10.2174/0118715303382179250808052834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715303382179250808052834","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome (IAS) is a rare yet clinically significant drug-induced adverse reaction, characterized by hypoglycemic episodes caused by insulin autoantibodies. While individual drug associations are documented in case reports, systematic pharmacovigilance analyses supporting drug-induced IAS are lacking in the literature. This study aims to identify drugs associated with IAS through pharmacovigilance analysis and explore potential molecular mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a comprehensive analysis of IAS reports in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database (2004-2024) using multiple disproportionality analysis methods. Drug-gene interaction networks were constructed using DGIdb, GeneCards, and SwissTarget- Prediction databases, with subsequent protein-protein interaction analysis and pathway enrichment performed using STRING and DAVID databases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analysis of 228 IAS reports revealed significant associations with 17 medications, 16 of which were not documented in the current IAS literature. Captopril showed the strongest association (ROR: 1777, 95% CI: 1051-3005), followed by thiamazole and clopidogrel. Network analysis identified enrichment in the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, insulin resistance, and AMPK pathways, suggesting these pathways may play a role in the development of IAS.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study identified novel drug associations with IAS, highlighting the high risk of captopril in patients with the HLA-DRB1*0406 genotype, and the need for close monitoring of elderly patients on thiamazole or clopidogrel, particularly for hypoglycemia. Additionally, monitoring PI3K-Akt pathway disruption is crucial, as it may impair Treg function and promote the production of autoantibodies against insulin.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study identified 17 medications associated with IAS and emphasized the potential role of the PI3K-Akt pathway, recommending avoidance of certain drugs and enhanced monitoring in high-risk patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144984835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuous Interstitial Glucose Monitoring through a Long-Term Subcutaneous Implantable Sensor during Pregnancy in Type 1 Diabetes: A Two- Patient Case Report.","authors":"N Betella, V Resi, A Gaglio, A Ciafardini, F Mazzoleni, W Vena, E Orsi, A C Bossi","doi":"10.2174/0118715303393466250807050121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715303393466250807050121","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Optimal glycaemic control is crucial during pregnancy in women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). Current guidelines, based on positive data from the CONCEPTT (Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Pregnant Women With Type 1 Diabetes Trial), on maternal glycaemic control and fetal outcomes, recommend offering real-time Continuous Glucose Monitoring (rt-CGM) as a standard method in all pregnancies of women with type 1 diabetes (T1D).</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>In these two clinical cases, we describe for the first time the gestational outcomes in two patients with T1D who chose to maintain a long-term implantable subcutaneous sensor (Eversense XL®) as a CGM method during their pregnancies. The first case concerns a 33- year-old young woman with a 25-year history of T1D on Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion (CSII), who faced her first pregnancy with a suboptimal preconception glycaemic control; the second case describes the second pregnancy of a 37-year-old patient with a more recently diagnosed T1D, on multiple daily injection (MDI) therapy who achieved adequate glycaemic compensation before planned conception.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The subcutaneous sensor replacement was carried out at the beginning and end of the 2nd trimester, respectively, without any complications, allowing optimal monitoring and adjustment of insulin dose and achieving optimal glucose targets throughout the pregnancy until delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144984857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Intriguing Case Report of Type 2 Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome Post-SARS-CoV-2: Cause or Coincidence?","authors":"Giacomo Voltan, Andrea Graziani, Marianna Torchio, Caterina Mian, Corrado Betterle, Chiara Sabbadin","doi":"10.2174/0118715303407830250807114958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715303407830250807114958","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, is primarily associated with respiratory illness but can also affect multiple organ systems, including the endocrine system. Viral entry into endocrine tissues may lead to immune activation and trigger or unmask autoimmune conditions in individuals who are genetically predisposed. Autoimmune Polyendocrine Syndrome type 2 (APS-2), a rare disorder characterized by autoimmune Addison's disease (AAD) and autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), may represent one such manifestation.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We report the case of a 36-year-old male who developed APS-2 following a mild SARS-CoV-2 infection. Two months post-infection, the patient experienced asthenia, hypotension, gastrointestinal symptoms, and weight loss. Laboratory investigations revealed undetectable morning cortisol, positive 21-hydroxylase and thyroid-peroxidase autoantibodies, elevated ACTH and renin, and subclinical hypothyroidism-consistent with a diagnosis of APS-2 (AAD and Hashimoto's thyroiditis). Treatment with cortisone acetate and fludrocortisone led to clinical improvement. No previous history of autoimmune disease was reported. A review of the literature identified only four similar case reports, with varying timelines between SARS-CoV-2 infection and APS-2 diagnosis, suggesting that the infection may act as a trigger in predisposed individuals.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case adds to limited evidence suggesting a possible link between SARS-CoV-2 infection and the onset or unmasking of APS-2. While a direct causal role of the virus remains uncertain, SARS-CoV-2 may function as an environmental trigger, accelerating the transition from subclinical to clinical autoimmunity in genetically susceptible patients. This observation supports the need for clinical vigilance in post-COVID-19 patients presenting with nonspecific but suggestive endocrine symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144984824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuroprotective Potential of Jimson Weed in Methotrexate-Induced Neurotoxicity: Insights into Anti-Oxidative, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anti-Apoptotic Mechanisms via Modulation of Caspase-3, Interleukin-6, and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha: In Silico.","authors":"Esther Ugo Alum, Rajapandiyan Krishnamoorthy, Mansour K Gatasheh, Ademola Clement Famurewa, Shanthi Subbarayan, Periyasamy Vijayalakshmi, Daniel Ejim Uti","doi":"10.2174/0118715303350736241220090850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715303350736241220090850","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Methotrexate (MTX) is a drug of choice for the treatment of different types of cancers and autoimmune disorders. Despite its effectiveness, its toxicity is the major drawback of its use. It is a chemotherapy drug known to cause neurotoxicity, leading to oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in the brain. We evaluated the outcome of ethanol leaf extract of Jimson weed (ELEJW) on neurotoxicity prompted by MXT use.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty albino rats (male) were assigned into four categories (n=10): 1=Control (5 mg/kg normal saline); 2= Extract (200 mg/kg ELEJW); 3= MXT (20 mg/kg MXT); 4= Test (200 mg/kg ELEJW + 20 mg/kg MXT). MXT was given on day 18 only (ip) while ELEJW was by gavage for 21 days. Identified compounds from the plant were docked against caspase-3, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(tnf-α), while the drug-likeness properties were investigated in silico using ADNETSAR and Swiss adme web servers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>MXT injection caused oxidative stress, inflammation, and increased cerebral cell death in rats as evidenced by elevation in SOD, CAT, GPx, AchE, and Caspase-3 activities and also increases in MDA, NO, IL-6, and TNF- α concentrations. Intriguingly, ELEJW administration to rats reversed this trend. Jimson weed showed a significant reduction in these neurotoxic effects. Jimson weed treatment led to a decrease in oxidative stress markers, a reduction in inflammatory cytokines, and a decrease in apoptotic markers in the brain tissue of methotrexate-treated rats via modulation of caspase-3, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(tnf-α). The histological alterations caused by MXT were resolved as intact neuronal cells with normal glial and pyramidal cells were observed. In silico analysis identified two compounds 1H-Indole and 2,3-Dimethylquinolin- 4(1H)-one from ELEJW with potentially strong binding affinities towards caspase-3, interleukin- 6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(tnf-α) via molecular docking and expression of stable hydrogen, pi, sigma, and Van der Waals' interactions between target proteins, and screened ligands, while the drug-likeness properties of these compounds show no significant violation of Lipinski, Ghose, and Verber rules.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Co-treatment of ELEJW with MXT overturned the oxidative stress, inflammation, and histological alterations perpetuated by MXT. Therefore, Jimson weed should be explored as a supportive therapy for the management of MXT-induced neurological derangements.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144984868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clopidogrel-Induced Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome: Efficacy of Glucocorticoid Therapy and Continuous Glucose Monitoring.","authors":"Lihui Luo, Xiaoqing Xiong, Jianmin Ran","doi":"10.2174/0118715303394353250727192242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715303394353250727192242","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Insulin autoimmune syndrome (IAS) is a rare cause of spontaneous hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia characterized by elevated insulin autoantibody (IAA). Over half of IAS cases involve exposure to sulfhydryl group-containing medications or their active metabolites, with clopidogrel being an uncommon trigger. We report a case of clopidogrel-induced IAS (CIAS) treated with glucocorticoid and managed by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) during follow-up.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>A 77-year-old man developed recurrent severe hypoglycemia events after receiving clopidogrel for six months. Laboratory investigations showed significantly elevated serum insulin levels (peak: 1,452.52 mIU/L; normal range: 1.9-23.0 mIU/L) and a high IAA titer of 37.0 COI (>1.1 COI, positive). Following the exclusion of other potential causes of hypoglycemia, IAS was diagnosed. Consequently, clopidogrel was discontinued, and combination therapy incorporating prednisolone was initiated. During the 10-month follow-up, insulin levels declined to 8.09 mIU/L with IAA titers decreasing to 1.35 COI. Analysis of CGM data demonstrated a transition from glycemic fluctuations to stabilization.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This single-patient case report highlights the significance of identifying CIAS as a rare adverse effect of a drug, the effectiveness of glucocorticoid therapy, and the role of CGM in IAS management.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144857337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Baicalin Induces Mesenchymal-Epithelial Transition in Chronic Pancreatitis Through Upregulation of E-Cadherin.","authors":"Baolei Dou, Ke Ma, Fan Wang, Shuting Li, Mengwei Sun, Yingying Zhu, Furong Wang","doi":"10.2174/0118715303373325250723143559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715303373325250723143559","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Baicalin has achieved the potential in the treatment of chronic pancreatitis (CP).To explore the potential of Baicalin on the induction of mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) in chronic pancreatitis.</p><p><strong>Materials: </strong>To explore the causal association between CP and E-cadherin through bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR). CDH1, the encoding gene of E-cadherin, we used weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to obtain CDH1-related genes in fibroblasts with CP. To predict the targets of Baicalin through SwissTargetPrediction. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were used to validate the binding of Baicalin and its targets.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>E-cadherin is a protective factor against CP, and the results indicated that NQO2 may be the key to Baicalin treating CP by regulating E-cadherin. Molecular docking results showed that the binding energy of binding baicalein to NQO2 is -11.7 kJ/mol. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated that baicalein and NQO2 interact with each other through van der Waals and Coulomb forces, and CDH1 and NQO2 interact with each other through hydrogen bonds.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This study confirmed the causal relationship between E-cadherin and CP, providing a mechanistic explanation for the efficacy of Baicalin in CP. Although Baicalin could not directly bind to CDH1, we revealed its potential to indirectly restore E-cadherin by interacting with NQO2, a gene associated with CDH1 identified in CP fibroblasts. Baicalin-NQO2-CDH1 presented a novel axis treating CP. However, limitations include reliance on public data; the validation is still required.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Baicalin has the potential in the treatment of CP by inducing pancreatitis fibroblasts MET.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144857336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cushing's Syndrome Presenting with Depression as the Initial Manifestation: A Case Report and Literature Review.","authors":"Xiuli Xu, Baoqiang Guo, Xuexiu Chi","doi":"10.2174/0118715303397972250811050815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715303397972250811050815","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In approximately 12% of Cushing's syndrome (CS) cases, psychiatric symptoms, such as depression and anxiety, are the initial manifestation, obscuring the diagnosis and leading to delayed treatment.</p><p><strong>Case summary: </strong>This case report describes a patient whose initial symptom of CS was low mood. Eighteen months later, typical clinical features of CS emerged, and the diagnosis was confirmed through dexamethasone suppression tests and adrenal computed tomography. This report also reviews relevant literature, analyzing the clinical features, pathogenesis, treatment, and prognosis of CS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In patients presenting with low mood or depression but no typical CS features, clinicians should consider CS as a potential underlying cause. Endocrinologists should be vigilant when evaluating patients with mental disorders. Timely diagnostic evaluations can lead to earlier diagnosis and treatment, ultimately improving prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144857338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide Receptor Polymorphisms rs3848460 and rs3895874 with the Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.","authors":"Gyan Watson Ray, Hengli Zhang, Taotao Shao, Taili Yang, Yue Wei, Mianqin Li, Xiaoqun Che, Qiaoli Zeng, Runmin Guo","doi":"10.2174/0118715303367483250728105845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715303367483250728105845","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to examine the relationship between glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) polymorphisms rs3848460 and rs3895874 and the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Asian women. GIP, a hormone that stimulates insulin secretion and inhibits glucagon release, can be impacted by genetic variations, resulting in a reduced insulin response and elevated blood sugar levels that contribute to the development of GDM. To the best of our knowledge, only a limited number of studies have been conducted on the association between GIP gene polymorphisms and GDM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The SNPscanTM genotyping assay was employed to genotype rs3848460 and rs3895874, with 502 control participants and 500 GDM patients selected for the study. ANOVA, T-test, chi-square test, logistic regression, and various other statistical tests were employed to investigate variations in genotypes and alleles and their associations with the risk of GDM.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, significant differences were found in pre-BMI, age, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and parity between GDM and healthy subjects (P < 0.05). In the codominant model, GIP rs3848460 showed a significant association with an increased risk of GDM after adjusting (GG vs. AA: OR = 1.717; 95% CI: 1.070-2.754; P = 0.025. The recessive model GG vs. AG+AA suggests an elevated risk of GDM (adjusted OR of 1.635), with P =0.034. The GG genotype and G allele demonstrated a statistically significant increased risk with an adjusted OR of 1.760 (P =0.026) and an adjusted OR of 1.250 (P =0.029), respectively. The GG genotype and G allele were found to be associated with an increased risk of GDM in GIP rs3848460. Conversely, the risk of GDM was significantly lower in the dominant model (AA+GA vs. GG: OR = 0.605; 95% CI: 0.376-0.974; P = 0.039) for GIP rs3895874. The AA genotype and A allele were correlated with a decreased risk of GDM in GIP rs3895874 after adjustment with an OR of 0.803 (P =0.032).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>GIP rs3848460 was found to be significantly associated with the risk of GDM. Conversely, the risk of GDM was significantly lower in rs3895874.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144796604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Sonographic Ovarian Volume as a Potential Predictor of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS): A Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Babar Ali, Ibrahim Hadadi, Mohamed Adam, Wael Ali Faqihi, Mohammad Sayed, Sultan A Alotaibi, Awadia Gareeballah, Andrew England","doi":"10.2174/0118715303396709250721152449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715303396709250721152449","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine and metabolic disorder commonly associated with obesity and reproductive morbidities. The relationship between ovarian volume and BMI as well as ovarian morphology was therefore examined in this study to assess whether sonographic ovarian volume can serve as a supportive parameter in predicting PCOS in clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A hospital-based cross-sectional study of 100 women aged 20-40 years was conducted at the University of Lahore Teaching Hospital from December 2023 to September 2024. Participants were stratified according to normal weight (BMI < 25 kg/m²) and elevated BMI (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m²) groups with healthy and PCOS as subgroups within each group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The left ovarian volume in PCOS patients was significantly larger than that in women without PCOS (mean 13.5 mL (SD 3.6) vs 10.4 mL (SD 1.9), P < 0.05). Likewise, the mean follicle size in the left ovary was also significantly larger in women with PCOS than in normal controls, 6.3 mm (SD 1.7) and 5.6 mm (SD 1.1), respectively (P < 0.05). PCOS showed a significant association with amenorrhea (85%) and acne (66%); however, 59% of participants showed hirsutism which was not significant.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The observed asymmetry in ovarian volume and the influence of BMI suggest underlying physiological variability. However, the absence of hormonal and metabolic data limits the interpretation, warranting cautious application of these findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Ovarian volume alone is not a reliable diagnostic marker for PCOS. While the left ovary showed significant differences, the inconsistent findings support the need for a combined clinical, biochemical, and sonographic approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144791195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magnesium Level and Related Factors in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Kamil Konur, Hatice Beyazal Polat, Erol Karavar, Teslime Ayaz","doi":"10.2174/0118715303411661250721141050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715303411661250721141050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder often accompanied by alterations in serum magnesium levels. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between serum magnesium concentration and glycemic control, comorbidities, and medication use in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective cross-sectional analysis was conducted using data from 502 patients. Glycemic control was assessed based on HbA1c levels, and serum magnesium concentrations were evaluated concerning clinical and demographic variables. Statistical analyses included ttests, Mann-Whitney U tests, logistic regression, and ROC curve analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Patients with poor glycemic control had significantly lower serum magnesium levels. Magnesium levels were lower in females, particularly postmenopausal women. Magnesium levels were significantly associated with hypertension, gender, and the use of specific medications such as metformin and indapamide. Logistic regression revealed a significant inverse association between serum Magnesium levels and congestive heart failure (OR = 0.055), but not with other comorbidities. ROC analysis revealed limited predictive value of magnesium for glycemic control (AUC = 0.41).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Although group-level differences in magnesium were evident, magnesium levels alone were not reliable predictors of glycemic control. However, the associations with CHF, HT, gender, and specific medications suggest that magnesium plays a multifaceted role in type 2 diabetes mellitus management.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Regular monitoring of serum magnesium may aid in identifying at-risk patients, especially those with hypertension, CHF, or on magnesium-depleting medications. Further prospective studies are needed to clarify the clinical utility of magnesium in diabetes care.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144786344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}