Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets最新文献

{"title":"The Evolution of Pediatric MAFLD Research (2014-2023): A Decade-Long Bibliometric Analysis of Emerging Trends.","authors":"Tianyi Li, Xiaoying Zhang, Daojun Wang, Lixia Zhang, Qiong Wu, Wei Yan, Fengfeng Cui, Mengyao Huang, Peng Hua, Xiang Cui","doi":"10.2174/0118715303404437250611123553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715303404437250611123553","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Metabolic dysfunction-related fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has emerged as the predominant chronic liver disorder among children and adolescents. Like in adults, pediatric MAFLD encompasses a disease spectrum progressing from isolated steatosis to inflammatory changes, fibrotic development, and ultimately, cirrhosis. Despite increasing recognition of MAFLD as a major pediatric health issue, current literature lacks a systematic quantitative evaluation of research trends, leading to knowledge gaps in this field. To address this limitation, a comprehensive bibliometric analysis was performed to assess global research output on pediatric MAFLD by focusing specifically on the 2014-2023 period. This analysis avoids the confounding effects of the heterogeneity of earlier data while achieving sufficient temporal resolution to reveal emerging trends that might be obscured in long-term studies. This study synthesizes existing evidence, enhances understanding of this disciplinary field, and informs future research directions in pediatric MAFLD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Articles concerning children with MAFLD published from 2014--2023 were identified from the Science Citation Index-Expanded of the Web of Science Core Collection. CiteSpace software, VOSviewer, and the Online Analysis Platform of Literature Metrology were used to analyze the current publication trends and hotspots.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis identified 1,609 English-language articles on pediatric MAFLD published from 2014 to 2023. The United States emerged as the most active participant in international collaborations. The University of California San Diego (UCSD) demonstrated the highest research output among the analyzed institutions. Additionally, UCSD exhibited the most extensive collaborative network, engaging in frequent and substantive research partnerships with a diverse range of academic and scientific organizations. Valerio Nobili was found to be the most prolific author, with 67 articles. Keyword burst analysis revealed that cardiovascular risk factors were the most intense research hotspot.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Current research on pediatric MAFLD warrants greater attention, particularly regarding cardiovascular risk factors. This study provides valuable references for researchers, offering insights to guide future research directions and potential collaborations.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144586053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iodine and Hypothyroidism.","authors":"Xinyi Fan, Shuang Guo, Shentao Wu, Yuan Fan, Qinghua Zhang","doi":"10.2174/0118715303355789250321080037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715303355789250321080037","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hypothyroidism is a thyroid disorder disease caused by a decrease in the synthesis or secretion of thyroid hormones and is one of the most common thyroid disorders in clinical practice. Elemental iodine is consumed daily in salt and food, such as seaweed. Iodine deficiency is the most common cause of thyroid disorders. Iodine is oxidized in the body to produce iodine-containing thyroid hormones. Iodine deficiency can lead to goitre deficencyand can also affect children and infants, leading to mental retardation and developmental delays. The causes of hypothyroidism are complex and can be divided into autoimmune hypothyroidism, post-thyroid surgery hypothyroidism, drug-induced hypothyroidism, post-131I therapy hypothyroidism, post-surgical pituitary or hypothalamic tumor hypothyroidism and congenital hypothyroidism. Among them, autoimmune hypothyroidism, post-thyroid surgery hypothyroidism and pharmacological hypothyroidism account for 90% of the hypothyroidism causes. Serum iodine content is very closely related to them,.and in post-surgical hypothyroid diseases, iodine can also be used as a supplement to reduce the incidence of post-surgical diseases, and there exists a complementary role in the recovery of the disease. Iodine has a complementary role in the occurrence and treatment of thyroid diseases. Thus, this paper explores and summarizes the correlation between iodine and hypothyroidism around the two parts of iodine and hypothyroidism, aiming to provide a reference for daily life, clinical research and basic investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144577510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Treatment of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.","authors":"Yifan Lu, Yixuan Xie, Xinyi Yang, Lijuan Nie, Zhe Cheng, Yixian He, Tiansu Lv, Qibiao Wu, Xiqiao Zhou","doi":"10.2174/0118715303361217250629091316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715303361217250629091316","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the leading cause of chronic liver disease in many regions worldwide. Although Rezdiffra was approved by the FDA in March 2024 for the treatment of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis in its middle to advanced stages, it has certain limitations. Therefore, there is a pressing need to develop new treatments, including herbal remedies or combinations of them.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study conducted a literature search across the PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, and CNKI databases. The search strategy included terms such as (nafld[Title/Abstract], (mafld[Title/Abstract]), (masld[Title/Abstract]), (mash[Title/Abstract]), (nash[Title/Abstract]), (non alcoholic fatty liver disease[Title/Abstract]), and (nonalcoholic steatohepatitis[Title/ Abstract]). Experimental or clinical studies that examined herbs or combinations with the highest number of studies and impact factors were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Five classical herbal combinations and twelve individual Chinese herbs were identified. These herbs demonstrated efficacy in activating blood circulation, clearing heat and toxins, improving vision, and reducing jaundice.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This review highlights the promising clinical potential of these herbs and herbal combinations for treating NAFLD. Their benefits include anti-inflammatory effects, antioxidative stress, regulation of lipid metabolism, improvement of insulin resistance, modulation of intestinal flora, and antifibrotic properties. Further exploration of clinical literature related to these formulations is needed to better understand their efficacy and establish a comprehensive framework for their use in NAFLD treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144562534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeted Therapeutic Approach Employing <i>In Silico</i> Methods to Identify Potent Flavonoids in Cervical Cancer.","authors":"Srishti Sharma, Anuja Mishra, Pratibha Pandey","doi":"10.2174/0118715303362788250616052258","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715303362788250616052258","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The prevalence of cervical cancer has substantially increased, leading to global apprehension. The signaling pathway governs many cellular differentiation processes that occur during embryonic development and adulthood.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>Our study has mostly focused on discovering inhibitory plant chemicals, specifically flavonoids, that can block the Notch signaling pathway owing to the numerous adverse effects associated with standard treatments. Thus far, only a few studies have documented these specific flavonoids' ability to inhibit the three essential targets of the Notch signaling system in cervical cancer.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>This study aimed to assess the inhibitory potential of twenty-five potent flavonoids against the Notch signaling pathway components in cervical cancer using various in silico meth ods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of all the compounds tested, naringenin exhibited the most favorable binding energy (with concrete free binding energy value) against jagged2, notch 2, and notch 3 in cervical cancer.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Naringenin could further be evaluated for its anticancer potential in cervical cancer via employing in vitro approaches. To overcome the limitations of current chemotherapeutic procedures, developing naringenin as a novel anticancer drug requires a systematic and strategic approach to rational drug discovery that is both efficient and cost-effective.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144546756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between Aging and Ketogenic Diet: A Bibliometric Analysis (1995-2025).","authors":"Tugba Elgun, Ayşe Akgul Isik, Enver Ciraci, Gul Ipek Gundogan, Kaan Ziksahna, Halil Ibrahim Arslan","doi":"10.2174/0118715303376457250617154223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715303376457250617154223","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The potential benefits of the ketogenic diet (KD) on ageing are currently receiving increasing attention. Although there are various studies on this subject in the existing literature, there is a lack of systematic review and bibliometric analysis.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to present a bibliometric overview and visualization analysis of the existing studies examining the relationship between KD and ageing, identify trends in this field, and provide a basis for future research and sustainable development goals.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study involved a systematic review of the literature. In this study, Scopus (Elsevier) and Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) databases were used for bibliometric analysis. In the study, all articles, reviews, and other types of publications on KD and ageing published between 1995 and 2024 were analysed. Studies covering the years 1995-2025 and including the keywords 'ketogenic diet OR ketogenic diets OR ketone diet AND aging AND PUB YEAR > 1995 AND PUBYEAR < 2025' in the title were included. The VOSviewer software (VOSviewer v.1.6.10) was utilized to visualize the data. The data obtained were evaluated by bibliometric methods, such as keyword analysis and cluster analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant increase in the number of studies on KD and ageing was observed. In the study, when the data obtained from WoSCC and Scopus databases and VOSviewer analysis results were evaluated together, a total of 10,170 scientific documents in the Scopus database and a total of 168 scientific documents were identified in the Web of Science database between 1995-2025 worldwide. The author publishing the most on the subject was found to be Cunnane, S.C. The country contributing the most to the field was found to be the United States of America (USA). The institution that produced the most documents was Harvard Medical School. In a total of 10,170 records, the most preferred type of publication was articles. Nutrients journal was the journal with the highest number of publications. According to the results of keyword analysis, the words \"ketogenic diet\" and \"aging\" were the most frequently used and most strongly related words.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The results of this study showed a significant increase in the number of studies investigating the effects of KD on ageing. More high-quality, randomised controlled clinical trials are needed in this field. In particular, there is a lack of studies examining the effects of KD on age-related diseases at the molecular level.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144546755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Denticleless E3 Ubiquitin Protein Ligase Homolog as a Potential Biomarker for Adrenocortical Carcinoma Screening.","authors":"Xin Yan, Li-Xing Pang, Xiao Lu, Sheng Chen, Li Li, Xing-Huan Liang, De-Cheng Lu, Zuo-Jie Luo","doi":"10.2174/0118715303334496250518033852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715303334496250518033852","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to investigate the potential of denticleless E3 ubiquitin protein ligase homolog <i>(DTL)</i> as a biomarker for adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) detection through bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between ACC and adrenocortical adenoma (ACA) were identified through bioinformatics analysis. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using Cytoscape software, and core genes were screened with the CytoHubba MCODE plug-in. Survival analysis was performed using the University of ALabama at Birmingham CANcer (UALCAN) data analysis portal. Immunohistochemistry was employed to assess DTL expression in adjacent normal tissues, ACA, and ACC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two gene expression series (GSEs) retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database yielded 115 DEGs. Using the PPI network, three core genes were identified, among which <i>(DTL)</i> and <i>TPX2</i> were highly expressed in ACC. Notably, <i>(DTL)</i> had the highest core gene score. Elevated DTL expression in individuals with ACC was significantly associated with a poor prognosis (P < 0.0001). Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed a significantly higher positive expression rate and a strong positive expression rate of DTL in ACC compared to ACA (χ2 = 11.708, P < 0.01). The positive expression rate of DTL in both ACC and ACA was significantly higher than in the adjacent normal adrenal cortex (P < 0.01). The expression of DTL followed a gradient, being highest in ACC, followed by ACA, and lowest in the normal adrenal cortex adjacent to the tumor. Additionally, <i>(DTL)</i> protein expression was significantly correlated with tumor size and infiltration metastasis (P < 0.05). Individuals with high <i>(DTL)</i> expression had significantly shorter survival times than those with low DTL expression (P < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><i>(DTL)</i> exhibits potential as a novel biomarker for distinguishing between benign and malignant adrenocortical tumors and may serve as a prognostic indicator for ACC.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144510212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Anti-Osteoporosis Effects of <i>Panax japonicus via</i> Downregulation of Inflammatory Factors: A Network Pharmacology and Ovariectomized Rat Model Study.","authors":"Yumiao Zhang, Yang Liu, Yuchen Zhang, Xinbo Shi, Yingang Li, Yalei Pan","doi":"10.2174/0118715303371787250609162705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715303371787250609162705","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Osteoporosis is a major and growing public health problem characterized by decreased bone mineral density and destroyed bone microarchitecture. <i>Panax japonicus</i> has been clinically used in the treatment of bone diseases, especially osteoporosis. However, there is a lack of study on the mechanism of osteoporosis treatment with <i>Panax japonicus</i>.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A network pharmacology approach was employed to identify the targets of osteoporosis and <i>Panax japonicus</i>. Cytoscape 3.7.2 and DAVID were used to visualize the pharmacological mechanism of <i>Panax japonicus</i> in treating osteoporosis by building up compound-target and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks and conducting Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses. An ovariectomized SD rat osteoporosis model was used to assess the potential therapeutic effect of <i>Panax japonicus</i> in vivo. The biomechanical properties, pathological changes, inflammatory cytokines, bone density, and bone microstructural parameters in rat bone tissue were carefully measured. The biochemical markers of bone metabolism in serum were detected by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-two active components and sixty-five target genes of <i>Panax japonicus</i> involved in the treatment of osteoporosis were identified. The PPI network revealed IL-6, TNF, NR3C1, IL-1β, CASP3, ESR1, PGR, and AR to be involved in the treatment of osteoporosis with <i>Panax japonicus</i>. Chikusetsusaponin IVa and Radix ginsenoside-Ro were the main saponins found in <i>Panax japonicus</i>. <i>Panax japonicus</i> was found to exert potent preventive effects on osteoporosis by maintaining biomechanical properties, increasing bone mineral density, and protecting the trabecular microstructure in an ovariectomized rat osteoporosis model. <i>Panax japonicus</i> hindered the initiation of osteoporosis induced by ovariectomy by regulating bone metabolism and downregulating the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong><i>Panax japonicus</i> was found to contain 52 compounds and 65 targets in the treatment of osteoporosis. The administration of <i>Panax japonicus</i> could mitigate osteoporosis in rats induced by ovariectomy, and one of the mechanisms was associated with downregulating the expression of inflammatory factors.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144510213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Inflammatory Response in Metabolic Syndrome.","authors":"Luz Andrea Martínez-Pérez, Grecia Denisse González-Sánchez, Fernando Martínez-Esquivias, Julieta Saraí Becerra-Ruiz, Juan Manuel Guzmán-Flores","doi":"10.2174/0118715303385742250610120711","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715303385742250610120711","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Metabolic syndrome (MS) encompasses a cluster of metabolic disorders that significantly increase the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus. While the precise etiology of MS remains unclear, it is widely recognized as a multifactorial condition influenced by environmental, lifestyle, and genetic factors. Inflammation, a fundamental physiological response designed to maintain homeostasis, plays a central role in MS. When the body detects foreign substances or cellular stress, the immune system is activated, synthesizing signaling molecules, such as cytokines and chemokines. However, prolonged or dysregulated immune activation can result in chronic low-grade inflammation, a hallmark of MS. This persistent inflammatory state contributes to the pathophysiology of MS by promoting insulin resistance, endothelial dysfunction, and adipose tissue remodeling. The diagnostic criteria for MS, including central obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hypertension, are all associated with inflammatory processes mediated by the activation of both innate and adaptive immune systems. This review explores the intricate relationship between each diagnostic criterion of MS and the inflammatory response. By delving into the immunological mechanisms underpinning MS, we aim to understand how inflammation links metabolic dysregulation to disease progression comprehensively. This knowledge could pave the way for targeted therapeutic interventions and lifestyle modifications to mitigate the global burden of MS.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144478387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Progression and Treatment Approaches of Kidney Fibrosis: Evidence to Clinic Approach.","authors":"Mansi Sharma, Mansi Khanna, Pranjal Kumar, Ghanshyam Das Gupta, Kalicharan Sharma","doi":"10.2174/0118715303374764250612052832","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715303374764250612052832","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fibrosis is a pathological complication that arises from an abnormal tissue healing response to chronic inflammation or repeated injury. It is characterized by Excessive Extracellular Matrix (ECM) deposition, leading to progressive organ dysfunction. Chronic Kidney Disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) is a newly recognized public health crisis characterized by slow, irreversible progression and late-stage asymptomatic onset.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To identify and analyze therapeutic targets, experimental strategies, and emerging treatments for renal fibrosis, with a focus on CKDu.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Experimental data on potential therapeutic targets, including <b>CCR1 inhibitors, CCL2</b>- <b>CCR2 inhibitors, CTGF inhibitors, ET</b>-<b>1 antagonists, Nox1/4 inhibitors, TGF-β antagonists,</b> and <b>TNF-α antagonists,</b> were compiled and analyzed. Specific attention was given to the roles of <b>Cx43 (Connexin 43)</b> and <b>DDR1 (Discoidin Domain Receptor 1)</b> in fibrosis. Data on phytopharmaceuticals, such as <b>LIVON-S (Silymarin)</b> and <b>bio-fibrin</b>, as well as emerging treatments like <b>stem cell therapies,</b> were gathered and reviewed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Therapeutic targets address key molecular pathways involved in fibrogenesis, including chemokine signaling (CCR1, CCR2, and CCL2), pro-fibrotic mediators (TGF-β and CTGF), and oxidative stress (Nox1/4). Phytopharmaceuticals, such as <b>silymarin</b> and bio-fibrin, demonstrated antifibrotic potential through their anti-inflammatory and ECM-modulating effects. Preclinical studies on stem cell therapies highlighted regenerative benefits in managing renal fibrosis. Experimental data on Cx43 and DDR1 supported their role in fibrotic progression and potential as therapeutic targets.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study provides a comprehensive analysis of antifibrotic strategies, including validated molecular targets, phytopharmaceuticals, and innovative therapies like stem cell treatments. These findings underscore the need for focused research and development of effective interventions for CKDu and related fibrotic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144478386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-wide Association Studies of the Pathogenic Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Gene in Ulcerative Colitis.","authors":"Hongyu Chen, Jingyu Shang, Song Zhao, Luzhou Xu, Hong Shen","doi":"10.2174/0118715303354936250523030225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0118715303354936250523030225","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that can lead to malignancies over time. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor signaling affects lymphocyte trafficking and vascular integrity, influencing intestinal inflammation. This study aimed to identify S1P-related key genes in UC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the UC and control groups were analyzed in the GSE87473 (training) dataset. Genes overlapping between the DEGs and S1P-related genes were considered candidate genes. These genes were incorporated into machine learning algorithms and subjected to expression analysis to identify key genes. Gene functions were determined through a gene-gene interaction network, enrichment analysis, and immune cell infiltration analysis. In addition, transcription factor-mRNA and mRNA-miRNA-lncRNA networks were constructed. Finally, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed to evaluate the expression of key candidate genes in UC and control tissues.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study identified two key genes (SPHK2 and SPNS2) associated with UC. Notably, SPHK2 expression was lower and SPNS2 expression was higher in the UC group in both training and validation datasets and in clinical UC tissues (RT-qPCR). The area under the curve values of <i>SPHK2</i> and <i>SPNS2</i> exceeded 0.7 in both datasets, indicating that the genes had good diagnostic efficacy for UC. Consistently, the nomogram showed that the two genes had promising diagnostic value in UC. <i>SPHK2</i> and <i>SPNS2</i> were found to be localized to the plasma membrane. The correlations of the two genes with different immune cells showed significantly opposite trends. In particular, SPHK2 had the strongest positive correlation with M2 macrophages (r = 0.6) and the strongest negative correlation with neutrophils. Moreover, mRNA-miRNA-lncRNA and transcription factor- mRNA networks of the key genes were constructed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study suggests that <i>SPHK2</i> and <i>SPNS2</i> are key genes associated with UC, highlighting their potential as effective diagnostic biomarkers.</p>","PeriodicalId":94316,"journal":{"name":"Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144201262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}