Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases最新文献

{"title":"Cryptosporidium-host interactions: What’s new?","authors":"Dima Abdallah ,&nbsp;Eric Viscogliosi ,&nbsp;Gabriela Certad","doi":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2025.100285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2025.100285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Species of <em>Cryptosporidium</em> are a leading cause of diarrhoeal disease worldwide, with severe outcomes in immunocompromised individuals and malnourished children. Despite the significant public health impact, no effective drug exists for these vulnerable populations. How <em>Cryptosporidium</em> spp. interact with the host remains incompletely understood. However, recent technological advances have begun to uncover novel mechanisms involved in parasite attachment, invasion, immune evasion through host pathway manipulation, potential host cell transformation, interactions with the gut microbiota, and modulation of viral co-infections. In this review, we synthesise these recent findings, offering an updated perspective on host-parasite dynamics and their implications for new therapeutic strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94311,"journal":{"name":"Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100285"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144518591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning reveals immediate disruption in mosquito flight when exposed to Olyset nets","authors":"Yasser M. Qureshi ,&nbsp;Vitaly Voloshin ,&nbsp;Amy Guy ,&nbsp;Hilary Ranson ,&nbsp;Philip J. McCall ,&nbsp;James A. Covington ,&nbsp;Catherine E. Towers ,&nbsp;David P. Towers","doi":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2025.100273","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2025.100273","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) remain a critical intervention in controlling malaria transmission, yet the behavioural adaptations of mosquitoes in response to these interventions are not fully understood. This study examined the flight behaviour of insecticide-resistant (IR) and insecticide-susceptible (IS) <em>Anopheles gambiae</em> strains around an Olyset net (OL), a permethrin-impregnated ITN, <em>versus</em> an untreated net (UT). Using machine learning (ML) models, we classified mosquito flight trajectories with high balanced accuracy (0.838) and ROC AUC (0.925). Contrary to assumptions that behavioural changes at OL would intensify over time, our findings show an immediate onset of convoluted, erratic flight paths for both IR and IS mosquitoes around the treated net. SHAP analysis identified three key predictive features of OL exposure: frequency of zero-crossings in flight angle change; first quartile of flight angle change; and zero-crossings in horizontal velocity. These suggest disruptive flight patterns, indicating insecticidal irritancy. While IS mosquitoes displayed rapid, disordered trajectories and mostly died within 30 min, IR mosquitoes persisted throughout the 2-h experiments but exhibited similarly disturbed behaviour, suggesting resistance does not fully mitigate disruption. Our findings challenge literature suggesting permethrin’s repellency in solution form, instead supporting an irritant or contact-driven effect when incorporated into net fibres. This study highlights the value of ML-based trajectory analysis for understanding mosquito behaviour, refining ITN configurations and evaluating novel active ingredients aimed at disrupting mosquito flight behaviour. Future work should extend these methods to other ITNs to further illuminate the complex interplay between mosquito behaviour and insecticidal intervention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94311,"journal":{"name":"Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100273"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144241274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High prevalence and pathogenicity of Cryptosporidium serpentis in snakes in southern China","authors":"Falei Li ,&nbsp;Xinrui Wang ,&nbsp;Lihua Xiao ,&nbsp;Yaoyu Feng ,&nbsp;Yaqiong Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2025.100287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2025.100287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In southern China, snakes have cultural and economic significance, serving both as traditional dietary resources and as increasingly popular pets. However, the prevalence and clinical impacts of <em>Cryptosporidium</em> spp. in snakes in southern China remain poorly understood. Between April 2018 and September 2020, we collected 357 fecal samples from wild snakes, farmed snakes, and pet snakes in Hunan and Guangdong, two provinces in southern China. <em>Cryptosporidium</em> spp. were identified and subtyped by sequence analyses of the small subunit rRNA (SSU rRNA) gene and the 60 kDa glycoprotein (<em>gp60</em>) gene, respectively. The intensity of oocyst shedding in <em>Cryptosporidium</em>-positive samples was evaluated using SSU rRNA-LC2 quantitative PCR. Histological examinations of gastric tissues from infected pet snakes were conducted to assess potential parasite-induced pathology. Overall, 93 of 357 (26.1%) samples were positive for <em>Cryptosporidium</em> spp., and the detection rates were 17.0%, 31.4%, and 46.2% in farmed snakes, pet snakes, and wild snakes, respectively. Five species of <em>Cryptosporidium</em> were identified, including <em>C. serpentis</em> (n = 77), <em>C. tyzzeri</em> (<em>n</em> = 6), <em>C. varanii</em> (<em>n</em> = 4), <em>C. muris</em> (<em>n</em> = 3), and <em>C. parvum</em> (<em>n</em> = 2). Only <em>C. tyzzeri</em> isolates were subtyped successfully and belonged to IXa subtype family. The highest average number of oocysts per gram (OPG) of feces was observed in <em>C. serpentis</em> samples (4.6 ± 1.7 logs), followed by <em>C. varanii</em> (3.5 ± 0.4 logs), <em>C. tyzzeri</em> (3.3 ± 1.0 logs), <em>C. parvum</em> (3.2 ± 0.4 logs), and <em>C. muris</em> (2.1 ± 1.7 logs). In pet snakes infected with <em>C. serpentis</em>, the gastric mucosal epithelial cells were heavily colonised by the parasites, resulting in significant damage to the villus structure. The results of this study indicate that <em>C. serpentis</em> is prevalent in snakes in southern China and has significant pathogenicity to snakes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94311,"journal":{"name":"Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100287"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144502407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cryptosporidium and cryptosporidiosis: An update of Asian perspectives in humans, water and food, 2015–2025","authors":"Shahira Abdelaziz Ali Ahmed ,&nbsp;Sonia Boughattas ,&nbsp;Mohammad Reza Mahmoudi ,&nbsp;Huma Khan ,&nbsp;Simuzar Mamedova ,&nbsp;Ardra Namboodiri ,&nbsp;Frederick R. Masangkay ,&nbsp;Panagiotis Karanis","doi":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2025.100311","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2025.100311","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Cryptosporidium</em> species are increasingly recognized as significant enteric pathogens, particularly within developing nations, where they pose serious public health challenges. This systematic review and meta-analysis examine a decade of research (2015–2025) to map the epidemiological footprint of <em>Cryptosporidium</em> across Asia, incorporating 228 studies from 28 countries and analyzing a collective sample of 327,783 specimens collected from humans, water, and food. The overall pooled prevalence was 8.1%, with Southeast Asia emerging as the region of highest concern. Among the affected populations, immunocompromised individuals and children demonstrated the highest vulnerability. Environmental contamination was especially pronounced in surface water sources, while vegetables, particularly those sold in wholesale markets, were the most contaminated food matrices. Molecular findings identified 23 distinct species, and several subtypes predominated by <em>C. parvum</em> (IIa, IId) and <em>C. hominis</em> (Ia, Ib). Notably, some water samples from mixed and surface water sources exhibited extraordinarily high oocyst concentrations, reaching up to 80,000 oocysts/l. Diagnostic approaches varied widely, with a considerable proportion of studies employing traditional non-molecular techniques, thereby highlighting the need for more advanced and standardized detection protocols. Despite regional disparities and methodological variability, the findings reveal a consistent pattern of widespread exposure and environmental circulation of <em>Cryptosporidium</em> species across the continent. This underscores an urgent need for multisectoral collaborations and interventions aimed at bolstering water and food safety infrastructure, enhancing diagnostic capacity, and strengthening public health systems to effectively manage and prevent cryptosporidiosis throughout Asia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94311,"journal":{"name":"Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100311"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144925779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Larvicide activity of yeast-encapsulated orange oil against Aedes albopictus","authors":"Bruno Gomes ,&nbsp;Camila J. Pereira-Pinto ,&nbsp;Juliana Welbert ,&nbsp;Alexandra V. Yingling ,&nbsp;Michael J. Workman ,&nbsp;Ivy Hurwitz ,&nbsp;Mariana R. David ,&nbsp;Fernando A. Genta","doi":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2025.100305","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2025.100305","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mosquitoes of the genus <em>Aedes</em> are important vectors for arboviruses causing diseases like dengue, Zika, chikungunya, and urban yellow fever. <em>Aedes aegypti</em> has been prioritized as the key species in the development of new control strategies. However, <em>Aedes albopictus</em> coexists with <em>Ae. aegypti</em> and can occupy its ecological niche in some scenarios. In this respect, it is important to assess the efficacy of new control tools against both mosquito species. In this report, we describe the efficacy of yeast-encapsulated orange oil (YEOO) against two lineages of <em>Ae. albopictus</em> obtained from different geographical locations in Brazil (Rio de Janeiro and Manaus). YEOO showed high larvicidal activity against both lineages of <em>Ae. albopictus</em>, with 50% lethal concentrations (LC₅₀) of 32.9 and 33.8 mg/l, respectively. The LCs observed for <em>Ae. albopictus</em> are higher than those previously described for <em>Ae. aegypti</em>. However, the results suggest that YEOO may be an effective tool for the control of both vector species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94311,"journal":{"name":"Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100305"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144831122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular detection and characterization of haemoparasites in captive tigers (Panthera tigris) from Thailand","authors":"Tanasak Changbunjong ,&nbsp;Tatiyanuch Chamsai ,&nbsp;Siriporn Tangsudjai ,&nbsp;Nareerat Sangkachai ,&nbsp;Chalisa Mongkolphan ,&nbsp;Luxsana Prasittichai ,&nbsp;Tanawat Chaiphongpachara","doi":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2025.100249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2025.100249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Haemoparasites of the genera <em>Ehrlichia</em>, <em>Hepatozoon</em>, and <em>Babesia</em>, which are known tick-borne pathogens, infect a wide variety of domestic and wild animals. The aim of this study was to conduct a comprehensive molecular detection and characterization of haemoparasites in captive tigers (<em>Panthera tigris</em>) at a wildlife center in Thailand. From multiplex PCR results, haemoparasites were detected in the blood of 12 out of 17 tigers (70.6%), including 4 males and 8 females. Ten tigers (58.8%) were infected with <em>Ehrlichia canis</em>, one (5.9%) was co-infected with <em>Hepatozoon</em> sp. and <em>E. canis</em>, and another (5.9%) was infected solely with <em>Hepatozoon</em> sp. No infection with <em>Babesia</em> spp. was found. Nucleotide sequence analyses of the VirB9 protein gene sequence of <em>E. canis</em> and the 18S rRNA gene sequences of <em>Hepatozoon</em> spp. revealed high levels of genetic similarity with GenBank reference sequences. The <em>Hepatozoon</em> spp. sequence from the co-infected tiger showed 98.1–99.9% similarity with <em>Hepatozoon canis</em>, while another sequence showed a 97.6–99.7% match with <em>Hepatozoon felis</em>. The detection of these parasites underscores the complex interactions and dynamics of disease transmission that exist within captive environments, highlighting the need for preventive measures. Therefore, appropriate steps should be taken to control ectoparasites and manage domestic animals within wildlife centers to minimize the risk of infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94311,"journal":{"name":"Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100249"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143454694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insecticide resistance intensity in Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) from five malaria epidemiological zones in Kenya","authors":"Edith Ramaita ,&nbsp;Silas Agumba ,&nbsp;Joseph Mwangangi ,&nbsp;Stanley Kitur ,&nbsp;Lucy Wachira ,&nbsp;Samson Otieno ,&nbsp;David Mburu ,&nbsp;Damaris Matoke-Muhia ,&nbsp;Elijah Juma ,&nbsp;Charles Mbogo ,&nbsp;Eric Ochomo ,&nbsp;Luna Kamau","doi":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2025.100252","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2025.100252","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Insecticide-based malaria vector-control interventions have been economically important in reducing malaria prevalence. However, insecticide resistance now threatens the continued efficacy of insecticides in malaria vector control. Monitoring insecticide resistance in mosquito populations is needed to guide the implementation of effective insecticide resistance management (IRM) strategies. Thus the study assessed the levels and intensity of insecticide resistance in <em>Anopheles gambiae</em> (<em>sensu lato</em>) in five malaria epidemiological zones of Kenya, which are subjected to different vector control interventions. <em>Anopheles gambiae</em> (<em>s.l</em>.) mosquito larvae were sampled from Teso in Busia County in the lake malaria-endemic zone, Kwale in Kwale County in the coastal malaria-endemic zone, Kakuma in Turkana County, a malaria epidemic zone, Mwea in Kirinyaga County in the seasonal malaria transmission zone of Central Kenya and Thika in Kiambu County in the low-risk malaria zones. The mosquito larvae were reared into adults, and the Centre for Disease Control (CDC) bottle DD intensity of resistance assays were conducted at 2× , 5× , and 10× the discriminating doses (DD); the WHO guidelines were used to evaluate the percentage knockdown or mortality of the adult vectors. <em>Anopheles gambiae</em> (<em>s.l</em>.) mosquitoes from all the malaria epidemiological zones showed resistance to deltamethrin and pirimiphos-methyl, while mosquitoes from most of the zones were resistant to alpha-cypermethrin. However, the mosquitoes were susceptible to the other insecticides tested, i.e. chlorfenapyr and clothianidin. In cases where resistance was found, the resistance intensity ranged from low to moderate levels. <em>Anopheles arabiensis</em> was the most prevalent species in all the sites except in Busia County, where <em>An. gambiae</em> (<em>sensu stricto</em>) was the majority. The results of this study showed widespread insecticide resistance in <em>An. gambiae</em> (<em>s.l</em>.) to commonly used insecticides in different malaria epidemiological zones in Kenya. Routine surveillance of insecticide resistance through monitoring and subsequent management in the zones of occurrence is a reliable component of evidence-based policy decision-making for mitigating malaria transmission using insecticide-based vector control interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94311,"journal":{"name":"Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100252"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DNA-elucidated life cycle of a highly pathogenic avian nematode: Streptocara incognita (Spirurida: Acuariidae) and its morphological development from infective third-stage larva to adult","authors":"Yasen Mutafchiev ,&nbsp;Yannick Roman ,&nbsp;Kathryn Griffiths ,&nbsp;Lyubomir Kenderov ,&nbsp;Michelle L. Michalski","doi":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2024.100238","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2024.100238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Streptocara incognita</em> Gibson, 1968 is an acuariid nematode associated with lethal cases of streptocarosis of diverse aquatic birds in North America and Europe. This study reports <em>S. incognita</em> as an agent causing severe and fatal necrosis of the oesophagus and proventriculus of anatids, i.e. <em>Somateria mollissima</em> (L.), <em>Marmaronetta angustirostris</em> (Ménétriés), <em>Tadorna tadorna</em> (L.) and <em>Spatula querquedula</em> (L.), kept in open pens in the Zoological Park, Clères, France. Comparative analysis of 12S rRNA gene sequences revealed that third-stage infective nematode larvae found in the amphipod <em>Gammarus pulex pulex</em> (L.) in the river passing through the pens belong to <em>S. incognita</em> thus elucidating the life cycle of this species. A partial sequence of the <em>cox</em>1 gene was also generated. To complement the brief original description of <em>S. incognita</em>, a detailed morphological description of the adult stages is provided based on light and scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, morphological data on the developing third- and fourth-stage larvae found in the definitive host and third-stage infective nematode larvae found in <em>G. pulex pulex</em> are also provided. This is the first record of an intermediate host of <em>S. incognita. Somateria mollissima</em>, <em>M. angustirostris</em> and <em>S. querquedula</em> are new host records.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94311,"journal":{"name":"Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100238"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11732242/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142985861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical canine Borrelia burgdorferi (sensu lato) infections are associated with highly elevated total IgG ELISA titers and convalescent Th2 immune responses","authors":"K. Emil Hovius ,&nbsp;Tess van den Bergen ,&nbsp;Osama Almalik ,&nbsp;Ellen Versmissen ,&nbsp;Victor P. Rutten ,&nbsp;Hein Sprong ,&nbsp;Joppe W. Hovius","doi":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2025.100258","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2025.100258","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lyme disease is caused by <em>Borrelia burgdorferi</em> (<em>sensu lato</em>), which is transmitted through species belonging to the <em>Ixodes ricinus</em> complex. Canine Lyme Disease (CLD) is an established clinical entity in the USA. In Europe, an unambiguous diagnosis is rarely made, although it has been shown that dogs can be naturally infected and develop antibodies against <em>B. burgdorferi</em> (<em>s.l.</em>). The relation of <em>Borrelia</em> total IgG, IgG2, and IgG1 specific antibodies and the incidence of symptoms was studied in a prospective cohort study. In a tick-dense area in the Netherlands, 84 dogs in 4 age cohorts were followed up during 7 consecutive half-years. In addition, 31 Bernese Mountain dogs (BMD), known to have robust anti-<em>Borrelia</em> antibody responses, were clinically monitored and serologically examined. Generalized estimating equations (GEE) analysis on repeated half-year measurements of clinical and serological results showed a strong association between the clinical signs fever combined with lameness in time, which in turn was associated with transiently high total IgG titers and elevated IgG1 titers against <em>B. burgdorferi</em> (<em>sensu stricto</em>). In BMD, we observed seroconversions and persistence of specific high total IgG and IgG1 titers. Although the latter also developed a persistent reaction against the <em>B. burgdorferi</em> (<em>s.l.</em>) C6 peptide, their tissues tested negative for <em>B. burgdorferi</em> (<em>s.l.</em>) DNA. This study strongly suggests that dogs - not vaccinated against <em>Borrelia</em> spp. infections - that encounter yearly tick infestations are recurrently infected. Some breeds, such as Labrador Retrievers and BMD, in the course of multiple tick-infestation seasons, develop transient symptoms compatible with CLD. Symptoms were strongly associated with temporarily raised total IgG and concomitant or convalescent high IgG1 antibody responses against <em>B. burgdorferi</em> (<em>sensu stricto</em>). Our findings provide insights into the resistance of dogs against <em>B. burgdorferi</em> (<em>s.l.</em>) infections and show that transient symptoms of CLD only occur in a subset of infected dogs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94311,"journal":{"name":"Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100258"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143917353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New insights into the genetic diversity, phylogeny, and immunogenic potential of the wsp gene in Wolbachia endosymbionts in Brugia malayi and Brugia pahangi","authors":"Witchuta Junsiri ,&nbsp;Piyanan Taweethavonsawat","doi":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2025.100272","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2025.100272","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Wolbachia</em> spp. are intracellular, maternally inherited bacteria that infect a wide range of arthropods. These bacteria influence reproductive traits in their hosts and are used in mosquito-borne virus control programmes. This study investigates the <em>Wolbachia</em> surface protein (WSP), a potential trigger of innate immune responses. The <em>wsp</em> gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction, cloned, and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis showed that <em>wsp</em> sequences from <em>Wolbachia</em> endosymbionts of <em>Brugia pahangi</em> and <em>B. malayi</em> formed two clades within the supergroup D. The <em>wsp</em> sequences were highly conserved, with 99–100% sequence identity across global isolates. Haplotype analysis revealed 13 distinct <em>wsp</em> haplotypes. The average antigenic score of the WSP protein was 1.029 for <em>B. malayi</em> and 1.026 for <em>B. pahangi</em>. MHC-NP analysis predicted eight antigen ligands for <em>B. malayi</em> and six for <em>B. pahangi</em>. Notably, a shared antigen ligand (VIADQKHGF) was identified for both species, associated with dog leukocyte antigens (DLA-8850101, DLA-8803401, and DLA-8850801). Additionally, a conserved ligand region (ALVMLLSLSNSAFSD) was identified in the WSP of <em>B. malayi</em>, corresponding to human leukocyte antigens (HLA-DR alleles HLA-DRB1∗04:04 and HLA-DRB1∗04:01). These findings provide new insights into the phylogenetic classification, sequence conservation, and immunogenic potential of the WSP protein in <em>Wolbachia</em> endosymbionts of <em>Brugia</em> spp.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94311,"journal":{"name":"Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100272"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144138938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}