Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases最新文献

{"title":"Genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium isolates from young children and livestock in eastern Ethiopia","authors":"Degu Abate ,&nbsp;Rea Tschopp ,&nbsp;Berhanu Seyoum ,&nbsp;Yadeta Dessie ,&nbsp;Mahlet Osman Hassen ,&nbsp;Gizachew Gemechu ,&nbsp;Gebeyehu Assefa ,&nbsp;Øystein Haarklau Johansen ,&nbsp;Pamela C. Köster ,&nbsp;Alejandro Dashti ,&nbsp;Sergio Sánchez ,&nbsp;Kurt Hanevik ,&nbsp;Lucy J. Robertson ,&nbsp;David Carmena ,&nbsp;Alemseged Abdissa","doi":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2025.100278","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2025.100278","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cryptosporidiosis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality due to diarrhoea during early childhood in low-income countries, including Ethiopia. Human <em>Cryptosporidium</em> infections can be anthroponotically or zoonotically transmitted. This study assesses the diversity and frequency of <em>Cryptosporidium</em> species and genotypes circulating in children and young livestock in eastern Ethiopia, with the aim of tracing the sources of infection. <em>Cryptosporidium</em> isolates from young children (<em>n</em> = 152), calves (<em>n</em> = 8), lambs (<em>n</em> = 4), goat kids (<em>n</em> = 4), and camels (<em>n</em> = 11) were subjected to PCR targeting the SSU rRNA and <em>gp60</em> loci. Species and subtypes were determined by Sanger sequencing. Two <em>Cryptosporidium</em> species were found in children: <em>C. hominis</em> (75.3%, 67/89) and <em>C. parvum</em> (24.7%, 22/89). Three <em>gp60</em> subtype families, Ia (30.0%, 9/30), Ib (10.0%, 3/30), and Id (60.0%, 18/30), were identified within <em>C. hominis</em> whereas <em>gp60</em> subtype families IIe (55.6%, 10/18) and IIc (44.4%, 8/18) were identified within <em>C. parvum</em>. The predominant subtypes were <em>C. hominis</em> IdA15 and <em>C. parvum</em> IIeA10G1. Among livestock, <em>C</em><em>. ubiquitum</em> was found in two camels and a goat kid, <em>C. xiaoi</em> in a lamb and goat kid, and <em>C. ryanae</em> in a calf. We did not identify any <em>C. parvum</em> among the animal samples. The goat isolate of <em>C. xiaoi</em> was characterised as subtype XXIIIg. Human cryptosporidiosis cases in eastern Ethiopia are primarily caused by anthroponotically transmitted <em>Cryptosporidium</em> species and subtypes, whereas zoonotic transmission events seem infrequent.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94311,"journal":{"name":"Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100278"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144338437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence and prevalence of host-seeking Ixodes ricinus nymphs infected with Borrelia burgdorferi (sensu lato) genospecies in Europe (1999–2022)","authors":"Patrick H. Kelly ,&nbsp;Julie Davis ,&nbsp;Ye Tan ,&nbsp;Harrison M. Marick ,&nbsp;Alexander Davidson ,&nbsp;Agustín Estrada-Peña ,&nbsp;Jennifer C. Moïsi ,&nbsp;James H. Stark","doi":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2025.100297","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2025.100297","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ticks of the <em>Ixodes ricinus</em> complex are the primary vectors of <em>Borrelia burgdorferi</em> (<em>sensu lato</em>), the complex of genospecies that cause Lyme borreliosis, in Europe and North America. We summarized the tick surveillance data of host-seeking <em>I. ricinus</em> nymphs in Europe between 1999 and 2022 to quantify and map the occurrence and <em>B. burgdorferi</em> (<em>s.l.</em>) genospecies infection prevalence (NIP) across the continent in high resolution. Geocoordinates or reported subnational administrative units were extracted where tick surveillance data were collected and validated with previous systematic literature reviews to ensure comprehensiveness. Data were grouped according to country, year, and individual <em>B. burgdorferi</em> (<em>s.l.</em>) genospecies and quantified <em>via</em> random effects. In total, 278,189 host-seeking nymphs from 152 studies across 27 European countries were extracted. Overall NIP was 11.1% across Europe, with the highest NIP in eastern European countries (&gt; 27%) and the lowest NIP within the United Kingdom (&lt; 4.2%). <em>Borrelia afzelii</em> had the broadest distribution and highest NIP among the genospecies (4.7%). Importantly, this work provides a publicly available and highly precise geographically comprehensive database of the relative abundance and prevalence of <em>B. burgdorferi</em> (<em>s.l.</em>) infection in host-seeking <em>I. ricinus</em> nymphs in Europe. These data can be utilized by researchers for further use and analyses of Lyme borreliosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94311,"journal":{"name":"Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100297"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144680210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An inclusive assessment of apoptosis mechanisms in Leishmania species: A narrative literature review","authors":"Soheil Sadr ,&nbsp;Iraj Sharifi ,&nbsp;Solmaz Morovati ,&nbsp;Helia Sepahvand ,&nbsp;Shakiba Nazemian ,&nbsp;Mehdi Bamorovat ,&nbsp;Zahra Rezaeian ,&nbsp;Baharak Akhtardanesh","doi":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2025.100260","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2025.100260","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Leishmaniasis, the most neglected tropical disease caused by protozoan parasites of the genus <em>Leishmania</em>, poses a substantial global health concern. The present review provides an in-depth overview of current findings on apoptosis and cell death mechanisms in leishmaniasis, integrating current advancements and key components. It explores the intricate interaction between <em>Leishmania</em> spp. and host cell apoptosis, a crucial basis of disease outcome. <em>Leishmania</em> spp. and host cell death pathways interplay is highly complex and multi-layered, and the current review discusses how <em>Leishmania</em> parasites manipulate host cell apoptotic signal transduction to establish and sustain infection. This includes the subversion of intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic signaling, the modulation of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins, and managing host cell death machinery for their survival and pathogenesis. Moreover, the present review explores the emerging evidence of apoptosis in <em>Leishmania</em> parasites. This fascinating phenomenon, while less widely studied, recommends immense therapeutic potential in targeting parasite-persistent mechanisms. Finally, we critically analyze the challenges and future directions in this field, emphasizing the need for a deeper understanding of the merits and mediator molecular mechanisms underlying <em>Leishmania</em>-induced apoptosis and its implications for novel therapeutic strategies against this debilitating disease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94311,"journal":{"name":"Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100260"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143854822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global prevalence of Cryptosporidium infections in cattle: A meta-analysis","authors":"Rachel Buchanan ,&nbsp;Przemyslaw Wieckowski ,&nbsp;Eleni Matechou ,&nbsp;Frank Katzer ,&nbsp;Anastasios D. Tsaousis ,&nbsp;Marta Farré","doi":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2025.100264","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2025.100264","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The apicomplexan parasites <em>Cryptosporidium</em> spp. are the causative agents of a severe diarrhoeal disease called cryptosporidiosis. <em>Cryptosporidium</em> species are capable of infecting a wide range of vertebrate hosts, including humans and livestock. In cattle, cryptosporidiosis is now one of the most important causes of neonatal scour globally, either as a sole agent or co-infecting with other pathogens. Cryptosporidiosis is considered globally endemic, with a prevalence of <em>Cryptosporidium</em> in stool samples from 13% to 93% in European cattle. This disease has a significant economic burden, with costs associated with veterinary diagnosis and medication, animal rearing, and supplemental nutrition. It is also associated with a reduced long-term growth rate in calves, causing huge economic losses in the livestock industry. Moreover, cattle act as a zoonotic reservoir for <em>Cryptosporidium parvum</em>, a species that is capable of infecting humans as well. As such, monitoring the prevalence of <em>Cryptosporidium</em> spp. in cattle is important due to the public health risk and financial burden the clinical disease causes. Publications reporting on the prevalence of <em>Cryptosporidium</em> spp. in cattle were collected from PubMed and Google Scholar. Information regarding the age of the animals, the species of <em>Cryptosporidium</em> in positive samples, the genotype of <em>C. parvum</em> found in samples, and the diarrhoeic status of the cattle was collected where available. A total of 248 publications were collected for this meta-analysis from six continents and 63 countries to provide an estimation for global bovine <em>Cryptosporidium</em> prevalence. The global prevalence of <em>Cryptosporidium</em> infection ranged between 27.0% and 37.5% in calves and pre-weaned cattle, respectively, with <em>C. parvum</em> being the most frequently identified species, particularly the IIa subfamily. Diarrhoea was reported in 7080 pre-weaned cattle samples, of which 38.1% tested positive for <em>Cryptosporidium</em>. Regarding symptoms, we found that in countries reporting over 50% of diarrhoeic positive cattle, <em>C. parvum</em> was the most common species. Continued monitoring and reporting of <em>Cryptosporidium</em> spp. in cattle are crucial for both public health and economic reasons. Consequently, efforts should focus on underreported regions and the development of control measures to reduce prevalence and limit zoonotic transmission.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94311,"journal":{"name":"Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100264"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143942772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cryptosporidium-host interactions: What’s new?","authors":"Dima Abdallah ,&nbsp;Eric Viscogliosi ,&nbsp;Gabriela Certad","doi":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2025.100285","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2025.100285","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Species of <em>Cryptosporidium</em> are a leading cause of diarrhoeal disease worldwide, with severe outcomes in immunocompromised individuals and malnourished children. Despite the significant public health impact, no effective drug exists for these vulnerable populations. How <em>Cryptosporidium</em> spp. interact with the host remains incompletely understood. However, recent technological advances have begun to uncover novel mechanisms involved in parasite attachment, invasion, immune evasion through host pathway manipulation, potential host cell transformation, interactions with the gut microbiota, and modulation of viral co-infections. In this review, we synthesise these recent findings, offering an updated perspective on host-parasite dynamics and their implications for new therapeutic strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94311,"journal":{"name":"Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100285"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144518591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine learning reveals immediate disruption in mosquito flight when exposed to Olyset nets","authors":"Yasser M. Qureshi ,&nbsp;Vitaly Voloshin ,&nbsp;Amy Guy ,&nbsp;Hilary Ranson ,&nbsp;Philip J. McCall ,&nbsp;James A. Covington ,&nbsp;Catherine E. Towers ,&nbsp;David P. Towers","doi":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2025.100273","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2025.100273","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) remain a critical intervention in controlling malaria transmission, yet the behavioural adaptations of mosquitoes in response to these interventions are not fully understood. This study examined the flight behaviour of insecticide-resistant (IR) and insecticide-susceptible (IS) <em>Anopheles gambiae</em> strains around an Olyset net (OL), a permethrin-impregnated ITN, <em>versus</em> an untreated net (UT). Using machine learning (ML) models, we classified mosquito flight trajectories with high balanced accuracy (0.838) and ROC AUC (0.925). Contrary to assumptions that behavioural changes at OL would intensify over time, our findings show an immediate onset of convoluted, erratic flight paths for both IR and IS mosquitoes around the treated net. SHAP analysis identified three key predictive features of OL exposure: frequency of zero-crossings in flight angle change; first quartile of flight angle change; and zero-crossings in horizontal velocity. These suggest disruptive flight patterns, indicating insecticidal irritancy. While IS mosquitoes displayed rapid, disordered trajectories and mostly died within 30 min, IR mosquitoes persisted throughout the 2-h experiments but exhibited similarly disturbed behaviour, suggesting resistance does not fully mitigate disruption. Our findings challenge literature suggesting permethrin’s repellency in solution form, instead supporting an irritant or contact-driven effect when incorporated into net fibres. This study highlights the value of ML-based trajectory analysis for understanding mosquito behaviour, refining ITN configurations and evaluating novel active ingredients aimed at disrupting mosquito flight behaviour. Future work should extend these methods to other ITNs to further illuminate the complex interplay between mosquito behaviour and insecticidal intervention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94311,"journal":{"name":"Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100273"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144241274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High prevalence and pathogenicity of Cryptosporidium serpentis in snakes in southern China","authors":"Falei Li ,&nbsp;Xinrui Wang ,&nbsp;Lihua Xiao ,&nbsp;Yaoyu Feng ,&nbsp;Yaqiong Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2025.100287","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2025.100287","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In southern China, snakes have cultural and economic significance, serving both as traditional dietary resources and as increasingly popular pets. However, the prevalence and clinical impacts of <em>Cryptosporidium</em> spp. in snakes in southern China remain poorly understood. Between April 2018 and September 2020, we collected 357 fecal samples from wild snakes, farmed snakes, and pet snakes in Hunan and Guangdong, two provinces in southern China. <em>Cryptosporidium</em> spp. were identified and subtyped by sequence analyses of the small subunit rRNA (SSU rRNA) gene and the 60 kDa glycoprotein (<em>gp60</em>) gene, respectively. The intensity of oocyst shedding in <em>Cryptosporidium</em>-positive samples was evaluated using SSU rRNA-LC2 quantitative PCR. Histological examinations of gastric tissues from infected pet snakes were conducted to assess potential parasite-induced pathology. Overall, 93 of 357 (26.1%) samples were positive for <em>Cryptosporidium</em> spp., and the detection rates were 17.0%, 31.4%, and 46.2% in farmed snakes, pet snakes, and wild snakes, respectively. Five species of <em>Cryptosporidium</em> were identified, including <em>C. serpentis</em> (n = 77), <em>C. tyzzeri</em> (<em>n</em> = 6), <em>C. varanii</em> (<em>n</em> = 4), <em>C. muris</em> (<em>n</em> = 3), and <em>C. parvum</em> (<em>n</em> = 2). Only <em>C. tyzzeri</em> isolates were subtyped successfully and belonged to IXa subtype family. The highest average number of oocysts per gram (OPG) of feces was observed in <em>C. serpentis</em> samples (4.6 ± 1.7 logs), followed by <em>C. varanii</em> (3.5 ± 0.4 logs), <em>C. tyzzeri</em> (3.3 ± 1.0 logs), <em>C. parvum</em> (3.2 ± 0.4 logs), and <em>C. muris</em> (2.1 ± 1.7 logs). In pet snakes infected with <em>C. serpentis</em>, the gastric mucosal epithelial cells were heavily colonised by the parasites, resulting in significant damage to the villus structure. The results of this study indicate that <em>C. serpentis</em> is prevalent in snakes in southern China and has significant pathogenicity to snakes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94311,"journal":{"name":"Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases","volume":"8 ","pages":"Article 100287"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144502407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular detection and characterization of haemoparasites in captive tigers (Panthera tigris) from Thailand","authors":"Tanasak Changbunjong ,&nbsp;Tatiyanuch Chamsai ,&nbsp;Siriporn Tangsudjai ,&nbsp;Nareerat Sangkachai ,&nbsp;Chalisa Mongkolphan ,&nbsp;Luxsana Prasittichai ,&nbsp;Tanawat Chaiphongpachara","doi":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2025.100249","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2025.100249","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Haemoparasites of the genera <em>Ehrlichia</em>, <em>Hepatozoon</em>, and <em>Babesia</em>, which are known tick-borne pathogens, infect a wide variety of domestic and wild animals. The aim of this study was to conduct a comprehensive molecular detection and characterization of haemoparasites in captive tigers (<em>Panthera tigris</em>) at a wildlife center in Thailand. From multiplex PCR results, haemoparasites were detected in the blood of 12 out of 17 tigers (70.6%), including 4 males and 8 females. Ten tigers (58.8%) were infected with <em>Ehrlichia canis</em>, one (5.9%) was co-infected with <em>Hepatozoon</em> sp. and <em>E. canis</em>, and another (5.9%) was infected solely with <em>Hepatozoon</em> sp. No infection with <em>Babesia</em> spp. was found. Nucleotide sequence analyses of the VirB9 protein gene sequence of <em>E. canis</em> and the 18S rRNA gene sequences of <em>Hepatozoon</em> spp. revealed high levels of genetic similarity with GenBank reference sequences. The <em>Hepatozoon</em> spp. sequence from the co-infected tiger showed 98.1–99.9% similarity with <em>Hepatozoon canis</em>, while another sequence showed a 97.6–99.7% match with <em>Hepatozoon felis</em>. The detection of these parasites underscores the complex interactions and dynamics of disease transmission that exist within captive environments, highlighting the need for preventive measures. Therefore, appropriate steps should be taken to control ectoparasites and manage domestic animals within wildlife centers to minimize the risk of infection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94311,"journal":{"name":"Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100249"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143454694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insecticide resistance intensity in Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) from five malaria epidemiological zones in Kenya","authors":"Edith Ramaita ,&nbsp;Silas Agumba ,&nbsp;Joseph Mwangangi ,&nbsp;Stanley Kitur ,&nbsp;Lucy Wachira ,&nbsp;Samson Otieno ,&nbsp;David Mburu ,&nbsp;Damaris Matoke-Muhia ,&nbsp;Elijah Juma ,&nbsp;Charles Mbogo ,&nbsp;Eric Ochomo ,&nbsp;Luna Kamau","doi":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2025.100252","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2025.100252","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Insecticide-based malaria vector-control interventions have been economically important in reducing malaria prevalence. However, insecticide resistance now threatens the continued efficacy of insecticides in malaria vector control. Monitoring insecticide resistance in mosquito populations is needed to guide the implementation of effective insecticide resistance management (IRM) strategies. Thus the study assessed the levels and intensity of insecticide resistance in <em>Anopheles gambiae</em> (<em>sensu lato</em>) in five malaria epidemiological zones of Kenya, which are subjected to different vector control interventions. <em>Anopheles gambiae</em> (<em>s.l</em>.) mosquito larvae were sampled from Teso in Busia County in the lake malaria-endemic zone, Kwale in Kwale County in the coastal malaria-endemic zone, Kakuma in Turkana County, a malaria epidemic zone, Mwea in Kirinyaga County in the seasonal malaria transmission zone of Central Kenya and Thika in Kiambu County in the low-risk malaria zones. The mosquito larvae were reared into adults, and the Centre for Disease Control (CDC) bottle DD intensity of resistance assays were conducted at 2× , 5× , and 10× the discriminating doses (DD); the WHO guidelines were used to evaluate the percentage knockdown or mortality of the adult vectors. <em>Anopheles gambiae</em> (<em>s.l</em>.) mosquitoes from all the malaria epidemiological zones showed resistance to deltamethrin and pirimiphos-methyl, while mosquitoes from most of the zones were resistant to alpha-cypermethrin. However, the mosquitoes were susceptible to the other insecticides tested, i.e. chlorfenapyr and clothianidin. In cases where resistance was found, the resistance intensity ranged from low to moderate levels. <em>Anopheles arabiensis</em> was the most prevalent species in all the sites except in Busia County, where <em>An. gambiae</em> (<em>sensu stricto</em>) was the majority. The results of this study showed widespread insecticide resistance in <em>An. gambiae</em> (<em>s.l</em>.) to commonly used insecticides in different malaria epidemiological zones in Kenya. Routine surveillance of insecticide resistance through monitoring and subsequent management in the zones of occurrence is a reliable component of evidence-based policy decision-making for mitigating malaria transmission using insecticide-based vector control interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94311,"journal":{"name":"Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100252"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143684033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DNA-elucidated life cycle of a highly pathogenic avian nematode: Streptocara incognita (Spirurida: Acuariidae) and its morphological development from infective third-stage larva to adult","authors":"Yasen Mutafchiev ,&nbsp;Yannick Roman ,&nbsp;Kathryn Griffiths ,&nbsp;Lyubomir Kenderov ,&nbsp;Michelle L. Michalski","doi":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2024.100238","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2024.100238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Streptocara incognita</em> Gibson, 1968 is an acuariid nematode associated with lethal cases of streptocarosis of diverse aquatic birds in North America and Europe. This study reports <em>S. incognita</em> as an agent causing severe and fatal necrosis of the oesophagus and proventriculus of anatids, i.e. <em>Somateria mollissima</em> (L.), <em>Marmaronetta angustirostris</em> (Ménétriés), <em>Tadorna tadorna</em> (L.) and <em>Spatula querquedula</em> (L.), kept in open pens in the Zoological Park, Clères, France. Comparative analysis of 12S rRNA gene sequences revealed that third-stage infective nematode larvae found in the amphipod <em>Gammarus pulex pulex</em> (L.) in the river passing through the pens belong to <em>S. incognita</em> thus elucidating the life cycle of this species. A partial sequence of the <em>cox</em>1 gene was also generated. To complement the brief original description of <em>S. incognita</em>, a detailed morphological description of the adult stages is provided based on light and scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, morphological data on the developing third- and fourth-stage larvae found in the definitive host and third-stage infective nematode larvae found in <em>G. pulex pulex</em> are also provided. This is the first record of an intermediate host of <em>S. incognita. Somateria mollissima</em>, <em>M. angustirostris</em> and <em>S. querquedula</em> are new host records.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94311,"journal":{"name":"Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases","volume":"7 ","pages":"Article 100238"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11732242/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142985861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}