Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases最新文献

{"title":"Current and potential future impacts of food- and water-borne parasites in a changing world: A Norwegian perspective","authors":"Lucy J. Robertson,&nbsp;Ian D. Woolsey,&nbsp;Alejandro Jiménez-Meléndez","doi":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2024.100181","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2024.100181","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In 2021, the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment published a multi-criteria risk ranking of 20 potentially food-borne pathogens in Norway. The pathogens ranked included five parasite taxa (3 species, one genus, one family): <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em>, <em>Echinococcus multilocularis</em>, <em>Giardia duodenalis</em>, <em>Cryptosporidium</em> spp., and Anisakidae. Two of these, <em>T. gondii</em> and <em>E. multilocularis</em>, scored very highly (1st and 3rd place, respectively), <em>Cryptosporidium</em> was about midway (9th place), and <em>G. duodenalis</em> and Anisakidae ranked relatively low (15th and 20th place, respectively). Parasites were found, on average, more likely to present an increasing food-borne disease burden in the future than the other pathogens. Here, we review the current impact of these five potentially food-borne parasites in Norway, and factors of potential importance in increasing their future food-borne disease burden. Climate change may affect the contamination of water and fresh produce with transmission stages of the first four parasites, potentially leading to increased infection risk. Alterations in host distribution (potentially due to climate change, but also other factors) may affect the occurrence and distribution of <em>Toxoplasma</em>, <em>Echinococcus</em>, and Anisakidae, and these, coupled with changes in food consumption patterns, could also affect infection likelihood. Transmission of food-borne pathogens is complex, and the relative importance of different pathogens is affected by many factors and will not remain static. Further investigation in, for example, ten-years’ time, could provide a different picture of the relative importance of different pathogens. Nevertheless, there is clearly the potential for parasites to exert a greater risk to public health in Norway than currently occurs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94311,"journal":{"name":"Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667114X24000128/pdfft?md5=66225f76ed705d281a89d60bd273df38&pid=1-s2.0-S2667114X24000128-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141142892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying the neglected: Initial estimation of the global burden and economic impact of human toxocariasis","authors":"Alistair Antonopoulos ,&nbsp;Alessio Giannelli ,&nbsp;Eric R. Morgan ,&nbsp;Johannes Charlier","doi":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2024.100180","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2024.100180","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Toxocariasis is a parasitic zoonotic infection caused by <em>Toxocara</em> spp., ascarid nematodes of companion animals (dogs and cats) affecting people in both high-income and low/middle-income countries. Toxocariasis can manifest as several distinct syndromes. The most frequent, often termed common toxocariasis, is a self-limiting and mild febrile illness. Ocular and visceral <em>larva migrans</em> are severe disease manifestations affecting the eye and other internal organs, respectively, but their reported occurrence is rare. The vast majority of symptomatic cases are thought due to common toxocariasis, which has also been associated with cognitive impairment in children. Few studies to date have sought to quantity the health burden of toxocariasis in humans. In this study we provide a preliminary estimation using the Disability-Adjusted Life Year (DALY) approach. We estimate a total of 23,084 DALYs are lost annually in 28 selected countries due to common toxocariasis. Extrapolating based on a global average seroprevalence rate of 19%, we estimate 91,714 DALYs per year are lost across all countries due to toxocariasis, of which 40,912 are attributable to less severe forms, i.e. common toxocariasis, and 50,731 to cognitive impairment in children. Clinically diagnosed and reported ocular and visceral <em>larva migrans</em> represent a small proportion of estimated total health burden. We also found a positive correlation at national level between prevalence in cats or dogs and seroprevalence in humans, but no correlation between estimated soil contamination and seroprevalence in humans. Finally, we estimate the potential economic impact of toxocariasis in selected countries at 2.5 billion USD per annum, from costs of medical treatment and lost income. These preliminary estimates should serve as a call to action for further research and evidence-based measures to tackle toxocariasis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94311,"journal":{"name":"Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100180"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667114X24000116/pdfft?md5=a1390c717ef9fc1a7d0c94deee206f1a&pid=1-s2.0-S2667114X24000116-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141144298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and molecular characterization of a novel relapsing fever group Borrelia from the white-eared opossum Didelphis albiventris in Brazil","authors":"Barbara C. Weck ,&nbsp;Adriana Santodomingo ,&nbsp;Maria Carolina A. Serpa ,&nbsp;Glauber M.B. de Oliveira ,&nbsp;Felipe R. Jorge ,&nbsp;Sebastián Muñoz-Leal ,&nbsp;Marcelo B. Labruna","doi":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2024.100193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crpvbd.2024.100193","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study aimed to detect, isolate and to characterize by molecular methods a relapsing fever group (RFG) <em>Borrelia</em> in white-eared opossums (<em>Didelphis albiventris</em>) from Brazil. During 2015–2018, when opossums (<em>Didelphis</em> spp.) were captured in six municipalities of the state of São Paulo, Brazil, molecular analyses revealed the presence of a novel RFG <em>Borrelia</em> sp. in the blood of seven opossums (<em>Didelphis albiventris</em>), out of 142 sampled opossums (4.9% infection rate). All seven infected opossums were from a single location (Ribeirão Preto municipality). In a subsequent field study in Ribeirão Preto during 2021, two new opossums (<em>D. albiventris</em>) were captured, of which one contained borrelial DNA in its blood. Macerated tissues from this infected opossum were inoculated into laboratory animals (rodents and rabbits) and two big-eared opossums (<em>Didelphis aurita</em>), which had blood samples examined daily <em>via</em> dark-field microscopy. No spirochetes were visualized in the blood of the laboratory animals. Contrastingly, spirochetes were visualized in the blood of the two <em>D. aurita</em> opossums between 12 and 25 days after inoculation. Blood samples from these opossums were used for a multi-locus sequencing typing (MLST) based on six borrelial loci. Phylogenies inferred from MLST genes positioned the sequenced <em>Borrelia</em> genotype into the RFG borreliae clade basally to borreliae of the Asian-African group, forming a monophyletic group with another Brazilian isolate, “<em>Candidatus</em> B. caatinga”. Based on this concatenated phylogenetic analysis, which supports that the new borrelial isolate corresponds to a putative new species, we propose the name “<em>Candidatus</em> Borrelia mimona”.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94311,"journal":{"name":"Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100193"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667114X24000244/pdfft?md5=b218167ad0e03c2159cff56905ccfaf4&pid=1-s2.0-S2667114X24000244-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141484056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Update on tick-borne pathogens detection methods within ticks","authors":"Eva Krupa ,&nbsp;Alexis Dziedziech ,&nbsp;Richard Paul ,&nbsp;Sarah Bonnet","doi":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2024.100199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crpvbd.2024.100199","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ticks are known vectors of various pathogens, including bacteria, parasites and viruses, that impact both animal and human health. Improving knowledge of the distribution of tick-borne pathogens, combined with their early detection in ticks, are essential steps to fight against tick-borne diseases and mitigate their impacts. Here we give an overview of what are the common methods of pathogen detection in tick samples, including recent developments concerning how to handle tick samples, get access to tick-borne pathogens by chemical or physical disruption of the ticks, and methods used for the RNA/DNA extraction steps. Furthermore, we discuss promising tools that are developed for other sample types such as serum or blood to detect tick-borne pathogens, and those that could be used in the future for tick samples.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94311,"journal":{"name":"Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100199"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667114X2400030X/pdfft?md5=0b2b1651e75911e6bce530b862b0d49d&pid=1-s2.0-S2667114X2400030X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141594179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A crucial nexus: Phylogenetic versus ecological support of the life-cycle of Ixodes ricinus (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae) and Borrelia spp. amplification","authors":"Agustin Estrada-Peña ,&nbsp;Hein Sprong ,&nbsp;Sara R. Wijburg","doi":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2024.100198","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2024.100198","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The tick <em>Ixodes ricinus</em> parasitizes a wide range of vertebrates. These hosts vary in the relative contribution to the feeding of the different tick life stages, and their interplay is pivotal in the transmission dynamics of tick-borne pathogens. We aimed to know if there is a phylogenetic signal in the feeding and propagation hosts of <em>I. ricinus</em>, independently of other traits, as well as in the amplification of <em>Borrelia burgdorferi</em> (<em>s.l.</em>) in feeding larvae. We used a compilation of 1127 published field surveys in Europe, providing data for 96,586 hosts, resulting in 265,124 larvae, 72,080 nymphs and 37,726 adults. The load of immature ticks on hosts showed a significant phylogenetic signal towards the genera <em>Psammodromus</em>, <em>Podarcis,</em> and <em>Lacerta</em> (nymphs only). We hypothesize that such signal is the background hallmark of the primitive hosts associations of <em>I. ricinus</em>, probably in the glaciation refugia. A secondary phylogenetic signal for tick immatures appeared for some genera of Rodentia and Eulipotyphla. Results suggest the notion that the tick gained these hosts after spread from glaciation refugia. Analyses support a phylogenetic signal in the tick adults, firmly linked to Cetartiodactyla, but not to Carnivora or Aves. This study provides the first demonstration of host preferences in the generalist tick <em>I. ricinus</em>. We further demonstrate that combinations of vertebrates contribute in different proportions supporting the tick life-cycle in biogeographical regions of the Western Palaearctic as each region has unique combinations of dominant hosts. Analysis of the amplification of <em>B. burgdorferi</em> (<em>s.l.</em>) demonstrated that each genospecies is better amplified by competent reservoirs with which a strong phylogenetic signal exists. These vertebrates are the same along the spatial range: environmental traits do not change the reservoirs along the large territory studied. The transmission of <em>B. burgdorferi</em> (<em>s.l.</em>) is amplified by a few species of vertebrates, that share biogeographical regions with the tick vector in variable proportions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94311,"journal":{"name":"Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100198"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667114X24000293/pdfft?md5=c06e143cc575b9f61b1cd5e0e681df9a&pid=1-s2.0-S2667114X24000293-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141629858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic and morphometric differentiation between two morphs of Haematobosca sanguinolenta (Diptera: Muscidae) from Thailand","authors":"Tanasak Changbunjong ,&nbsp;Thekhawet Weluwanarak ,&nbsp;Sedthapong Laojun ,&nbsp;Gerard Duvallet ,&nbsp;Tanawat Chaiphongpachara","doi":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2024.100186","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2024.100186","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Haematobosca</em> is a genus of biting fly within the subfamily Stomoxyinae of the family Muscidae. It is currently recognized to include 16 species worldwide. These species, acting as ectoparasites, are considered to have significant importance in the veterinary and medical fields. To address the color polymorphism related to the genus <em>Haematobosca</em> in Thailand, herein, we focused on the normal (legs mainly black) and yellow (legs mainly yellow) morphs of <em>Haematobosca sanguinolenta</em> and examined them for genetic differences using three molecular markers: the cytochrome <em>c</em> oxidase subunit 1 (<em>cox</em>1) and cytochrome <em>b</em> (<em>cytb</em>) genes from the mitochondrial genome as well as the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region from the nuclear ribosomal DNA. In addition, we analyzed wing differences between the two morphs using geometric morphometrics (GM). The genetic divergences between the two morphs showed that <em>cytb</em> gene showed the greatest divergence, for which the average distance was 5.6%. This was followed by the combination of <em>cox</em>1-<em>cytb</em>-ITS2, exhibiting an average divergence of 4.5%, ITS2 with a divergence of 4.1%, and finally <em>cox</em>1, showing the lowest divergence of 3.5%. Phylogenetic analyses distinctly separated the two morphs of <em>H. sanguinolenta</em>; this separation was supported by high bootstrap values (97–100%). These results were further corroborated by three species delimitation methods, i.e. assemble species by automatic partitioning (ASAP), automated barcode gap discovery (ABGD), and Poisson tree processes (PTP), all of which suggested that the two morphs likely represent separate species. In addition, a GM study identified a statistically significant difference in wing shape between the two morphs of <em>H. sanguinolenta</em> (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.05). This combination of genetic and morphometric results strongly supports the existence of two distinct species within <em>H. sanguinolenta</em> in Thailand.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94311,"journal":{"name":"Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100186"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667114X24000177/pdfft?md5=711bf24e7378011a6048e9558bbf07c3&pid=1-s2.0-S2667114X24000177-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141275910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behavioural responses of Anopheles gambiae to standard pyrethroid and PBO-treated bednets of different operational ages","authors":"Emma Reid,&nbsp;Frank Mechan,&nbsp;Jeff Jones,&nbsp;Amy Lynd,&nbsp;Janet Hemingway,&nbsp;Philip McCall,&nbsp;David Weetman","doi":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2024.100227","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2024.100227","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>To combat pyrethroid insecticide resistance, there has been widespread distribution of pyrethroid-treated bednets (ITNs) co-impregnated with piperonyl butoxide (PBO), a synergist that inhibits enzyme activity to block metabolic resistance. While PBO impacts physiological resistance, mosquito behavioural responses when attempting to blood-feed through nets may be more dependent on net characteristics, in particular the insecticide treatment and operational age of nets. These potentially interacting effects are currently not well characterised. This study aimed to investigate the behavioural responses of <em>Anopheles gambiae</em> to different types of ITNs of different ages to evaluate the relationships between behaviours, insecticide type, age of net and mortality. A pyrethroid-resistant <em>An. gambiae</em> strain originally from Busia, Uganda, was tested with modified WHO cone assays in which a human arm is provided as bait and the trial is video recorded. Using the recordings, movement patterns throughout the cone were monitored to assess net contact and avoidance behaviours. Nets tested were PermaNet 2.0, PermaNet 3.0, Olyset and Olyset Plus, aged 0 months (unused), 12 months, and 25 months post-deployment, all collected from a field trial in Uganda. Our primary hypothesis was that behavioural indices of irritancy would decline with net age as active ingredient concentrations decline, in line with mortality. Knockdown and mortality were highest on baseline nets with PBO and declined thereafter, whereas each was much lower and invariant with age for non-PBO nets. Mosquito movement in the cones was also higher at baseline and declined with age for PBO nets, but not non-PBO nets, indicating an association between mortality and irritancy-induced movement. Baseline nets with PBO also elicited less net contact than older nets, whilst non-PBO nets showed no relationship between net contact and age. PBO nets also elicited irritancy behaviour even after a short period of exposure. In conclusion, the addition of PBO was initially effective in restoring the efficacy of nets, but this relative advantage declined with time, as did the behavioural indices, movement and net contact, suggesting declining irritancy as PBO is lost.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94311,"journal":{"name":"Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100227"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142660490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An abortion storm in a goat farm in the Northeast Region of Brazil was caused by the atypical Toxoplasma gondii genotype #13","authors":"Vinícius Longo Ribeiro Vilela ,&nbsp;Thais Ferreira Feitosa ,&nbsp;Sara Vilar Dantas Simões ,&nbsp;Rinaldo Aparecido Mota ,&nbsp;Frank Katzer ,&nbsp;Paul M. Bartley","doi":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2023.100157","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2023.100157","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The objective of this study was to characterise a <em>Toxoplasma gondii</em>-induced abortion outbreak on a goat farm in the State of Paraíba, Northeast Region of Brazil. From a herd of 10 does, seven experienced abortions and one gave birth to twins (one stillborn and the other weak and underdeveloped). Serum samples from all of the does were analysed by indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). Samples of colostrum and placenta from two does, along with lung, heart, brain and umbilical cord samples from four of the foetuses, were screened by nested ITS1 PCR specific for <em>T. gondii</em>. The positive samples were then analysed by multiplex nested PCR-RFLP. All ten does tested positive by IFAT for anti-<em>T. gondii</em> IgG (titrations ranging from 1:4096 to 1:65,536). The ITS1 PCR screening revealed <em>T. gondii</em> DNA in the placenta (2/2), colostrum (2/2), umbilical cord (2/4), lung (1/4), heart (1/4), and brain (1/4). Four samples produced complete RFLP genotyping results, identifying a single genotype, ToxoDB #13. In conclusion, we demonstrated a high rate of abortion caused by <em>T. gondii</em> in a goat herd, highlighting the pathogenicity of genotype #13, one of the most prevalent genotypes of <em>T. gondii</em> in Brazil.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":94311,"journal":{"name":"Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases","volume":"5 ","pages":"Article 100157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667114X23000456/pdfft?md5=8147f5093a79bafcbbccfd96d8ef1289&pid=1-s2.0-S2667114X23000456-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138992286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Micromammals as a reservoir for the zoonotic nematode Calodium hepaticum (syn. Capillaria hepatica) in recreational areas of Slovakia","authors":"Martina Miterpáková ,&nbsp;Zuzana Hurníková ,&nbsp;Petronela Komorová ,&nbsp;Michal Stanko ,&nbsp;Gabriela Chovancová ,&nbsp;Yaroslav Syrota","doi":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2024.100214","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2024.100214","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The hepatic nematode <em>Calodium hepaticum</em> is a zoonotic parasite primarily parasitising small mammals, but it can infect a wide range of mammal species, including humans. Due to its specific life cycle and transmission pattern, it is one of the least studied helminths in the world. The only documented findings of <em>C. hepaticum</em> from Slovakia (former Czechoslovakia) come from the 60s and 70s of the 20th Century, including nine human cases of the infection reported <em>post-mortem</em>. The present study was conducted in the area of these original records in the Tatra National Park (TANAP) and the Košice Zoo. In TANAP, 484 small mammals of six shrew species (Insectivora: Soricidae) and eight rodent species (Rodentia: Muroidea) were collected. In the Košice Zoo, 163 rodents from 10 species were sampled. All specimens were examined for the presence of <em>C. hepaticum</em> eggs using the artificial digestion method. The parasite was recorded in two shrew species (<em>Sorex araneus</em> and <em>Neomys fodiens</em>) and five rodent species (<em>Arvicola amphibius</em>, <em>Microtus agrestis</em>, <em>Clethrionomys glareolus</em>, <em>Apodemus flavicollis</em>, and <em>Rattus norvegicus</em>) from TANAP, while in the Košice Zoo only a single individual of <em>R. norvegicus</em> was found to be infected.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94311,"journal":{"name":"Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100214"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142322116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of bio-efficacy of field-aged novel long-lasting insecticidal nets (PBO, chlorfenapyr or pyriproxyfen combined with pyrethroid) against Anopheles gambiae (s.s.) in Tanzania","authors":"Jackline L. Martin ,&nbsp;Louisa A. Messenger ,&nbsp;Edmund Bernard ,&nbsp;Monica Kisamo ,&nbsp;Patric Hape ,&nbsp;Osca Sizya ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Festo ,&nbsp;Wambura Matiku ,&nbsp;Victoria Marcel ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Malya ,&nbsp;Tatu Aziz ,&nbsp;Nancy S. Matowo ,&nbsp;Jacklin F. Mosha ,&nbsp;Franklin W. Mosha ,&nbsp;Mark Rowland ,&nbsp;Alphaxard Manjurano ,&nbsp;Natacha Protopopoff","doi":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2024.100216","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2024.100216","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Next-generation insecticide-treated bed nets (ITNs) combining two insecticides or an insecticide with a synergist are vital in combating malaria, especially in areas with pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes where standard pyrethroid long-lasting insecticidal net (LLIN) may be less effective. A community durability study was conducted in Misungwi, Tanzania, during a cluster randomised controlled trial. This study assessed the bio-efficacy of three net brands combining a pyrethroid insecticide and either a synergist PBO for Olyset Plus, or a second insecticide pyriproxyfen for Royal Guard, and chlorfenapyr for Interceptor G2 over three years. These nets were compared to Interceptor, a standard pyrethroid-only net. A total of 1950 nets were enrolled across 10 clusters in each treatment arm. Thirty nets per type were collected every 6 months up to 30 months, with 50 nets sampled at 36 months. WHO cone bioassays and tunnel tests were performed at 0, 12, 24, 30 and 36 months. Both susceptible <em>An. gambiae</em> (<em>s.s.</em>) Kisumu strain and resistant <em>An. gambiae</em> (<em>s.s.</em>) Muleba-Kis strain were exposed. Over 80% of nets tested against the susceptible Kisumu strain met the WHO criteria after three years of community use. In tunnel tests, mortality (72 h) of the resistant <em>Anopheles</em> varied between 52% and 20%, in Interceptor G2 and was higher than standard Interceptor net up to 24 months. Olyset Plus mortality (24 h) ranged between 84% and 33% in tunnel tests with superior efficacy compared to Interceptor at 0, 24 and 36 months. Sterility effects in Royal Guard were higher when these nets were new and at six months but decreased to less than 10% after 12 months. Royal Guard consistently induced higher mortality compared to Interceptor up to 30 months while next-generation ITNs demonstrated higher efficacy in terms of mortality compared to standard LLINs against resistant strains; this superior bio-efficacy did not persist for the full three years. The impact of active ingredient (dual-AI) and PBO diminished relatively quickly. Aside from the initial period when the nets were new, the differences in mortality for Interceptor G2 and Olyset Plus and in sterility for Royal Guard, compared to the standard LLINs, were relatively small thereafter.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94311,"journal":{"name":"Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases","volume":"6 ","pages":"Article 100216"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142322114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}