Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases最新文献

{"title":"Taxonomic assessment of phlebotomine sand flies in Southeast Asia based on records from Cambodia","authors":"Didot Budi Prasetyo ,&nbsp;Thibault Vallecillo ,&nbsp;Eva Krupa ,&nbsp;Julian Gratiaux ,&nbsp;Alicia Vol ,&nbsp;Mathieu Loyer ,&nbsp;Jean-Philippe Martinet ,&nbsp;Quentin Di Brasi ,&nbsp;Khamsing Vongphayloth ,&nbsp;Bruno Mathieu ,&nbsp;Sébastien Boyer ,&nbsp;Arezki Izri ,&nbsp;Frédérick Gay ,&nbsp;Jérôme Depaquit","doi":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2026.100356","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2026.100356","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previously considered a leishmaniasis-free region, Southeast Asia has reported emerging cases over the past 20 years. This has renewed interest in the primary vectors, the phlebotomine sand flies. However, information on these vectors in Southeast Asia, particularly in Cambodia, remains scarce. To update distribution records and assess species diversity, CDC light traps were deployed to collect sand flies at 16 locations across several provinces of Cambodia in 2011 and 2014. A total of 940 sand flies were collected and identified both morphologically and molecularly using cytochrome <em>b</em> as a marker gene. Species identification revealed the presence of four genera and 10 species. The predominant species was <em>Grassomyia</em> sp. (21.9%), followed by <em>Sergentomyia sylvatica</em> (21.4%) and <em>Sergentomyia iyengari</em> Group (16.7%). Generally identified as <em>Grassomyia indica</em>, the <em>Grassomyia</em> specimens found in this study exhibited morphological disparities, although genetic analysis showed homogeneity with <em>Gr. indica</em> from other countries. <em>Sergentomyia iyengari</em> and <em>Sergentomyia barraudi</em> each displayed two distinct groups based on both morphological and genetic analyses, suggesting that different species within these complexes are present in Cambodia. Further investigation of these species complexes is warranted, since genomic evidence suggests the existence of previously undescribed species in this region.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94311,"journal":{"name":"Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100356"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146188761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of eprinomectin, albendazole and their combination therapy against strongyle nematode in dairy goats: A clinical field study using nemabiome-integrated approach in Thailand","authors":"Thanakorn Rompo ,&nbsp;Naoki Hayashi ,&nbsp;Takaya Hoketsu ,&nbsp;Ernest Teo ,&nbsp;Nariaki Nonaka ,&nbsp;Boondarika Namboopha ,&nbsp;Tawatchai Singhla ,&nbsp;Songphon Buddhasiri ,&nbsp;Naoaki Misawa ,&nbsp;Ryo Nakao ,&nbsp;Saruda Tiwananthagorn","doi":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2026.100345","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2026.100345","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Strongyle nematodes are parasitic worms that significantly impact the health and productivity of livestock, including goats. Although infected goats are commonly treated with anthelmintics, reports of anthelmintic resistance have been increasing. This issue, along with limited treatment choices for goats and the lack of comprehensive anthelmintic resistance surveillance in Thailand, highlights the need to evaluate available drugs for effective parasite control. On a dairy goat farm in Chiang Mai, Thailand, a previous fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) revealed resistance of strongyle nematodes to ivermectin, one of the most widely used anthelmintic drugs in the country. To further investigate treatment options, a clinical field study was conducted using the FECRT to evaluate the efficacy of eprinomectin at the label dose (0.2 mg/kg, <em>n</em> = 15 goats) and double dose (0.4 mg/kg, <em>n</em> = 9 goats), albendazole (20 mg/kg, <em>n</em> = 9 goats); and the combination of double dose eprinomectin and albendazole (<em>n</em> = 12 goats). Strongyle nematode species were identified through nemabiome analysis targeting the ITS-2 region of copro-DNA. Species-adjusted egg counts were calculated to determine species-specific egg count reduction (ECR). The FECRT results confirmed multi-anthelmintic resistance; however, species-specific ECR indicated varying susceptibility among species. <em>Haemonchus contortus</em> and <em>Trichostrongylus colubriformis</em> were the main contributors to the resistance, whereas <em>Trichostrongylus axei</em> and <em>Oesophagostomum columbianum</em> remained highly susceptible to eprinomectin and albendazole. These findings demonstrate the value of integrating FECRT with nemabiome to provide species-level insights into treatment responses, supporting the development of targeted deworming protocols and improving anthelmintic resistance surveillance in regions with limited treatment options.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94311,"journal":{"name":"Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100345"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145929079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dominance of Dibothriocephalus ditremus over Dibothriocephalus dendriticus (Cestoda: Diphyllobothriidea) in salmonids from Lake Kalandsvatn (Western Norway) revealed by molecular genotyping","authors":"Ivica Králová-Hromadová ,&nbsp;Eva Čisovská Bazsalovicsová ,&nbsp;Alžbeta Radačovská ,&nbsp;Lucia Dinisová ,&nbsp;Egil Karlsbakk","doi":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2026.100394","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2026.100394","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The occurrence of <em>Dibothriocephalus dendriticus</em> and <em>Dibothriocephalus ditremus</em> in salmonids (brown trout <em>Salmo trutta</em> and Arctic charr <em>Salvelinus alpinus</em>) from Lake Kalandsvatn in Western Norway was studied. Plerocercoids were identified by external morphology and PCR-based analysis using Dd_8 microsatellite primers. Of 1313 plerocercoids, 121 (9.2%) were identified as <em>D. dendriticus</em> and 1192 (90.8%) as <em>D. ditremus</em>. The study provides the first record of <em>D. ditremus</em> in Lake Kalandsvatn. The prevalence of <em>D. dendriticus</em> was 51.3% in trout and 76.9% in charr, while <em>D. ditremus</em> prevalence was higher (76.9% in trout and 100% in charr). The intensities of <em>D. dendriticus</em> infection were also lower (trout 1–17; charr 1–20) compared to <em>D. ditremus</em> (trout 1–221; charr 2–86). The higher relative abundance of <em>D. ditremus</em> compared to <em>D. dendriticus</em> was detected in most trout and charr. The dominance of <em>D. ditremus</em> probably reflects the feeding strategies and the higher abundance of its definitive hosts, piscivorous birds.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94311,"journal":{"name":"Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100394"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148183993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malaria outbreaks in Humboldt penguins and haemosporidian infections in avian hosts in zoos across Thailand","authors":"Savana Annisa Rahmah ,&nbsp;Waleemas Jairak ,&nbsp;Suchansa Thanee ,&nbsp;Arpussara Saedan ,&nbsp;Pannarai Mahadthai ,&nbsp;Dimas Novianto ,&nbsp;Tawee Saiwichai ,&nbsp;Osamu Kaneko ,&nbsp;Sittiporn Pattaradilokrat ,&nbsp;Morakot Kaewthamasorn","doi":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2026.100352","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2026.100352","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Haemosporidian parasites are increasingly being recognized as emerging threats to avian populations, with the potential to cause severe morbidity, leading to population decline, and even extinction in susceptible species. In February 2022, a Humboldt penguin (<em>Spheniscus humboldti</em>) housed at a zoo in northeastern Thailand died, later confirmed to be due to avian malaria infection. The same year, four more deaths occurred between July and November. This study aimed to (i) determine if these infections extended beyond the affected penguins to other avian species housed at the same or at other zoos across Thailand, and (ii) explore the potential genetic relationships between the parasite lineages detected in this study and those reported previously across the world. A total of 406 blood and tissue samples from 146 Humboldt penguins and 260 individuals representing ten avian orders (38 species) were collected from six zoos nationwide. Nested PCR assays amplifying the mitochondrial cytochrome <em>b</em> gene (<em>cytb</em>) were performed, and the positive amplicons were confirmed by Sanger sequencing and BLASTn similarity searches. Phylogenetic analyses and tripartite network visualizations of parasite lineages, host species, and sample origins were used to assess the inter-lineage correlations. Exoerythrocytic meronts were observed within the cytoplasm of the Kupffer cells, consistent with an active haemosporidian infection. Molecular screening detected haemosporidian DNA in 40 of the 146 penguin samples (27.4%) and in 125 of the 260 samples from other avian species (48.0%). These included taxa listed on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List, most notably the Malayan peacock-pheasant (<em>Polyplectron malacense</em>), the green peafowl (<em>Pavo muticus</em>), and the white-rumped vulture (<em>Gyps bengalensis</em>), classified as critically endangered. The identified parasites comprised four confirmed <em>Plasmodium</em> species (<em>P. collidatum</em>, <em>P. relictum</em>, <em>P. juxtanucleare</em>, and <em>P. gallinaceum</em>) as well as seven <em>Plasmodium</em> lineages. In addition, <em>Haemoproteus sacharovi</em>, four <em>Haemoproteus</em> lineages, and <em>Leucocytozoon caulleryi</em> were detected. Several of these parasites have been reported in domesticated and wild birds in Thailand and other countries, suggesting an ongoing circulation among avian populations. These findings emphasize the urgency for implementing surveillance, vector control, and strengthened biosecurity measures to safeguard avian populations in <em>ex situ</em> conservation programmes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94311,"journal":{"name":"Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100352"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146038524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DNA barcoding Diplostomum (Digenea: Diplostomidae) through the lens of taxonomy: Status and issues","authors":"Ana Pérez-del-Olmo,&nbsp;Aneta Kostadinova","doi":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2026.100406","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2026.100406","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Molecular barcoding is causing fundamental changes in our understanding of the species diversity in a large number of digenean families. Yet, after 16 years of barcoding, we are still far from reaching a global coverage and a clearer picture of the taxonomic diversity of <em>Diplostomum</em>, the most species-rich genus of the digenean family Diplostomidae, comprising important fish pathogens. Here, focusing on taxonomy, we provide an overview of the important developments during this period (2009–2025), an update of <em>Diplostomum</em> taxonomy and nomenclature for 49 species and species-level lineages barcoded to date, an assessment of the progress in several specific areas of current interest, such as species richness and taxonomic diversity, geographical distribution, life cycles, host specificity, and the status of barcode libraries, and identify problems with the use and interpretations of the new data gathered that may affect future work.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94311,"journal":{"name":"Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100406"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13380144/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148498624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mixed malaria infections: A critical review and Detect-Characterise-Act surveillance framework","authors":"Matthew Chibunna Igwe,&nbsp;Esther Ugo Alum","doi":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2026.100425","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2026.100425","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mixed malaria infections, involving concurrent <em>Plasmodium</em> species and/or multiple genetically distinct parasite clones, remain under-measured in routine malaria programmes despite implications for diagnosis, treatment, drug-resistance surveillance, and elimination planning. This critical narrative review synthesises recent evidence, prioritising 2020–2026 literature, and proposes a <em>Detect-Characterise-Act</em> framework linking point-of-care detection, molecular or genomic confirmation, and clinical or surveillance responses. The review argues that mixed infections should be treated as operational signals of diagnostic sensitivity, species-specific treatment adequacy, parasite population connectivity, diagnostic escape, and antimalarial resistance. Microscopy and many rapid diagnostic tests often underestimate mixed infections, particularly when secondary species are low-density, HRP2-based tests are affected by <em>pfhrp2</em>/<em>pfhrp</em>3 deletions, or non-<em>P. falciparum</em> species are not assayed. Genomic approaches, including targeted amplicon sequencing, nanopore sequencing, and whole-genome sequencing, can resolve species identity, multiplicity of infection, minority resistance variants, and diagnostic-target integrity, but require rigorous thresholds for read depth, allele frequency, contamination control, and sample representativeness. The review contributes four clarifications: distinguishing mixed-species infection, within-species multiplicity, and within-host resistance-associated variation; integrating <em>pfhrp2</em>/<em>pfhrp</em>3-mediated diagnostic escape; clarifying the staged interpretation of minority resistance-associated variants in Africa; and reframing mixed infection as a marker of programme maturity. Countries able to detect, genotype, report, and respond to mixed infections are better positioned to protect case management, contain resistance, and sustain malaria-elimination gains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94311,"journal":{"name":"Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100425"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148737441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Larval ecology of Aedes spp. mosquitoes and arbovirus transmission risk in four mid-sized cities of southern Cameroon","authors":"Bertille Carine Djapoum Theno ,&nbsp;Gisele Aurelie Foko Dadji ,&nbsp;Francis Zeukeng ,&nbsp;Borel Djiappi-Tchamen ,&nbsp;Nelly Armanda Kala-Chouakeu ,&nbsp;Roland Bamou ,&nbsp;Marie Paul Audrey Mayi ,&nbsp;Abdou Talipouo ,&nbsp;Parfait Awono-Ambene ,&nbsp;Joseph Lebel Tamesse ,&nbsp;Rachid Soulimani ,&nbsp;Liwang Cui ,&nbsp;Abraham Fomena ,&nbsp;Christophe Antonio-Nkondjio","doi":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2026.100375","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2026.100375","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vector-based surveillance is crucial for monitoring arboviral diseases such as dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever, and Zika. In Cameroon, data on the distribution and bionomics of <em>Aedes</em> species in medium-sized cities within the equatorial forest region are limited. This study assessed the distribution, larval habitats, and bionomics of immature <em>Aedes</em> spp. stages across four mid-sized cities of southern Cameroon. Larval surveys were conducted from March 2022 to March 2023 in Bertoua, Kribi, Sangmelima, and Abong-Mbang during rainy and dry seasons. Water-holding containers were inspected using the dipping method, and collected larvae and pupae were reared to adults for morphological identification. Entomological indices were used to estimate arboviral transmission risk, and species co-occurrence in larval habitats was recorded. A generalized linear model was used to compare abundance and distribution among sites, seasons, and breeding site. From 758 larval habitats inspected (214 in Bertoua, 213 in Sangmelima, 184 in Kribi, 147 in Abong-Mbang), 3820 mosquitoes belonging to four genera and 11 species were emerged. <em>Aedes</em> spp. mosquitoes were the most abundant (<em>n</em> = 2903), with <em>Aedes albopictus</em> and <em>Aedes aegypti</em> as dominant species that often co-occurred. Seasonal variation in the abundance of all mosquito genera was significant, with peak <em>Aedes</em> spp. abundance in the rainy season (<em>n</em> = 2359; 81.3%). Tires were the most common larval habitats, mostly located within 10 m of human dwellings. Kribi and Bertoua exhibited the highest container, house, and Breteau indices, suggesting high potential risk. The study supports the need for regular vector-based surveillance to control arboviral disease in Cameroon. Such studies could also provide critical information for strengthening integrated vector management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94311,"journal":{"name":"Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100375"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147656432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased metallopeptidase activity, compromised endothelial integrity and impaired pathogen recognition revealed by transcriptomics in Angiostrongylus vasorum-infected dogs with hypocoagulability and vascular dysfunction","authors":"Lucienne Tritten ,&nbsp;Annageldi Tayyrov ,&nbsp;Lennart Opitz ,&nbsp;Annette P.N. Kutter ,&nbsp;Nadja E. Sigrist ,&nbsp;Natalie Hofer-Inteeworn ,&nbsp;Claudia Kümmerle-Fraune ,&nbsp;Manuela Schnyder","doi":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2026.100378","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2026.100378","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dogs infected with the cardiopulmonary nematode <em>Angiostrongylus vasorum</em> are at high risk to die because of the associated bleeding pathologies, which remain poorly understood. Given their central role in immune surveillance and signaling, we analyzed transcriptomic profiles from (i) <em>A. vasorum</em>-infected dogs presenting with hypocoagulability (Inf_hypo; <em>n</em> = 5), (ii) infected dogs with normal coagulation values (Inf_norm; <em>n</em> = 5), and (iii) uninfected controls (UC; <em>n</em> = 12). Alongside classical hematology and coagulation parameters, including rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM), we generated a global transcriptomic profile of circulating blood cells, enabling the identification of differentially expressed genes following infection. Fibrinogen levels were significantly lower in Inf_hypo than in Inf_norm dogs. All Inf_hypo dogs showed out-of-range prothrombin times. Matrix metalloprotease transcripts were strongly upregulated among infected dogs, regardless of their coagulation status, which might amplify vascular disruption and inflammation. Analysis of downregulated transcripts in infected dogs compared to UC indicated a loss of endothelial integrity, especially at the level of the lungs, and of inflammatory processes contributing to fibrinolysis and coagulopathies. Endothelial injury is a known trigger of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and consumption of coagulation factors, which could explain the observed coagulation disorders induced by <em>A. vasorum</em> infection. The multifaceted alterations observed in hematologic and coagulation parameters, ROTEM, and transcriptomic profiles of <em>A. vasorum</em>-infected dogs point to a dynamic and evolving disruption of hemostatic balance. While some animals show signs of early compensatory hypercoagulability, others seem to progress toward a state consistent with DIC, marked by factor consumption, endothelial dysfunction, and impaired fibrinogen-dependent clotting.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94311,"journal":{"name":"Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases","volume":"9 ","pages":"Article 100378"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147858077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global, regional, and national age-gender-specific trends, decomposition analysis, and Bayesian age-period-cohort modelling for projections of the burden of leishmaniasis: A population-based ecological study","authors":"Yongbin Wang,&nbsp;Renfang Zhang,&nbsp;Zhenzhou Liu,&nbsp;Chunjie Xu,&nbsp;Chenguang Zhang,&nbsp;Fei Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2026.100433","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2026.100433","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Leishmaniasis, a neglected tropical disease transmitted by sandflies, continues to pose a significant public health challenge, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. This study aims to deliver a comprehensive analysis of the global burden of leishmaniasis, exploring trends, disparities, and future projections to inform and enhance public health strategies. Using the data from the Global Burden of Disease database, we analysed leishmaniasis prevalence, incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) across 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. We calculated age-standardised rates (ASRs) and estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) to assess trends. The Kitagawa decomposition method was employed to quantify contributions of population ageing, population growth, and epidemiological changes. A Bayesian age-period-cohort (BAPC) model was used to project disease burden through 2036. Globally, the age-standardised prevalence rate (ASPR) showed a slight increase from 1990 to 2021 (EAPC = 0.71%, 95% CI: 0.66–0.76%), while the age-standardised incidence rate (ASIR), mortality rate (ASMR), and DALY rate (ASDR) declined (ASIR EAPC = −0.51%, 95% CI: −1.09–0.05%; ASMR EAPC = −6.84%, 95% CI: −7.74 to −5.93%; ASDR EAPC = −5.17%, 95% CI: −5.99 to −4.33%). In 2021, there were 6.21 × 10⁶ (95% UI: 5.83 × 10⁵–6.69 × 10⁶) prevalent cases and 5.48 × 10³ (95% UI: 1.61 × 10³–1.78 × 10⁴) deaths globally. Marked disparities were observed across Socio-demographic Index (SDI) regions, with low SDI regions bearing the highest burden (ASPR = 139.66 per 100,000). The Syrian Arab Republic had the highest ASPR (4.73 × 10³ per 100,000), while Romania and Serbia had the lowest (0.01 per 100,000). Decomposition analysis revealed that population growth was the primary driver of increased prevalence burden globally (78.5%), while epidemiological changes contributed to reduced incidence (−288%) and mortality (−118.66%) burdens. Projections indicate that by 2036, male ASPR will rise to 119.31 (95% UI: 92.32–146.30) per 100,000, while ASIR and ASMR will remain stable. Despite declining incidence and mortality, leishmaniasis prevalence is projected to increase, with persistent significant disparities across regions, ages, and genders. Targeted interventions addressing population growth, epidemiological factors, and socio-economic determinants are crucial for reducing the future burden of leishmaniasis, particularly in low SDI regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94311,"journal":{"name":"Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100433"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148951830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of Besnoitia besnoiti DNA by real-time PCR in individuals or in pools of Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae), reveals parasite circulation on cattle farms","authors":"Philippe Jacquiet,&nbsp;Mariana Ribeiro Sato,&nbsp;Théotime Guiffray,&nbsp;Leïla Graba,&nbsp;Christelle Grisez,&nbsp;Nathalie Verdeille,&nbsp;Fany Trotier,&nbsp;Christophe Lacz,&nbsp;Julie Petermann,&nbsp;Geoffrey Gimonneau,&nbsp;Marc Desquesnes","doi":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2026.100438","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.crpvbd.2026.100438","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bovine besnoitiosis is an emerging disease in Europe, transmitted mechanically by the stable fly <em>Stomoxys calcitrans</em>. Infected cattle harbouring large quantities of parasitic cysts in their dermis are considered super-spreaders. The objective of this study was to demonstrate that <em>Besnoitia besnoiti</em> DNA can be detected in stable flies captured in the immediate vicinity of these hosts. In this case, we wanted to assess how far away from the super-spreaders we could capture infected <em>Stomoxys</em> flies. On two cattle farms affected by besnoitiosis in the south of France, super-spreaders were identified with skin biopsies. In spring, these cattle were kept indoors, and Vavoua traps and BioFlyTrap were deployed in their immediate vicinity and then at increasing distances up to 130 m. DNA extracted from the abdomens of captured stable flies was subjected to real-time PCR to detect <em>B. besnoiti</em> DNA. The apparent densities of <em>S. calcitrans</em> were very high in the immediate vicinity of cattle, but fell sharply as the trap was placed further away, thus demonstrating the sedentary nature of this species. <em>Besnoitia besnoiti</em> DNA was detected in 3 out of 42 batches of <em>Stomoxys</em> flies on one farm (only in the vicinity of the cattle) and in 10 out of 134 batches in the other farm (five in the vicinity of the cattle, the others up to 70 m). No infected <em>S. calcitrans</em> were found 130 m away from the parasite carriers. The detection of pathogen DNA in <em>S. calcitrans</em>, captured on farms, could serve as a tool for epidemiological surveillance of their circulation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":94311,"journal":{"name":"Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases","volume":"10 ","pages":"Article 100438"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149050984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}