B P Pradeep Kumar, E Naresh, A Ashwitha, Kadiri Thirupal Reddy, N N Srinidhi
{"title":"The Burn Grafting Image Reclamation Redefined with the Peak-Valley Approach.","authors":"B P Pradeep Kumar, E Naresh, A Ashwitha, Kadiri Thirupal Reddy, N N Srinidhi","doi":"10.1615/CritRevBiomedEng.v53.i2.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/CritRevBiomedEng.v53.i2.40","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Burn injuries constitute a significant public health challenge, often necessitating the expertise of medical professionals for diagnosis. However, in scenarios where specialized facilities are unavailable, the utility of automated burn assessment tools becomes evident. Factors such as burn area, depth, and location play a pivotal role in determining burn severity. In this study, we present a classification model for burn diagnosis, leveraging automated machine learning techniques. Our approach includes an image reclamation system that incorporates the peak and valley algorithm, ensuring the removal of noise while consistently delivering high-quality results. By using skewness and kurtosis, we demonstrate substantial improvements in diagnostic accuracy. Our proposed system sources key features from enhanced grafting samples using peak valley transformation, enabling the computation of BQs and a unique bin analysis to enhance image reclamation. Our experimental results highlight efficiency gains, notably growing the matching features of graft samples for 14 matching images. The intended work involves the creation of a burn classification reclamation model. The proposed approach utilizes a support vector machine (SVM). The evaluation of the model will be conducted using an untrained catalogue, with a specific focus on its effectiveness in reclaiming images that necessitate grafts and distinguishing them from those that do not. Our approach holds promise in grafting sample reclamation in emergency settings, thereby expediting more accurate diagnoses and treatments for acute burn injuries. This work has the latent to save lives and improve patient upshots in burn traumas.</p>","PeriodicalId":94308,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in biomedical engineering","volume":"53 2","pages":"21-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144762942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A New Approach to Population Growth Model Involving a Logistic Differential Equation of Fractional Order.","authors":"Deepika Jain, Alok Bhargava, Sumit Gupta","doi":"10.1615/CritRevBiomedEng.2024055114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/CritRevBiomedEng.2024055114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Population growth and its consequences remain one of the most pressing challenges of our time. The study of population dynamics, including factors like resource availability, disease, and environmental constraints, is fundamental for planning in various domains such as ecology, economics, and public health. One of the earliest models proposed to explain population growth was by Thomas Robert Malthus in the late 18th century. Malthus theorized that populations grow exponentially, while the food supply increases only in an arithmetic manner and that was explained by a mathematical model i.e. the population growth model. This imbalance, according to Malthus, could eventually lead to resource scarcity and population collapse. However, Malthus's model, though foundational, was simplistic in nature. Over time, a more refined and realistic model was developed by Pierre François Verhulst, a Belgian mathematician, which led to the formulation of the logistic growth model. This model involves a fractional differential equation (FDE) namely the logistic differential equation. Due to the significance of FDEs, several authors have proposed solutions for the model using different techniques. Our work finds this model's solution using the Laplace decomposition method (LDM) approach. The method represents a significant advancement in the tool case of applied mathematicians and scientists. Its ability to efficiently and accurately solve complex differential equations, especially FPDEs. The graphical interpretation of the behavior of the result is also mentioned and compare our results with exact solutions found in literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":94308,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in biomedical engineering","volume":"53 2","pages":"37-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144762938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparative Implementation of Fractional Blood Alcohol Model by Numerical Approach.","authors":"Shyamsunder","doi":"10.1615/CritRevBiomedEng.2024055033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/CritRevBiomedEng.2024055033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current article discusses several innovative and intriguing aspects of the Caputo and modified Atangana-Baleanu derivative in the Caputo sense (MABC) based on a fractional blood alcohol model. The initial concentration of alcohol in the stomach after consumption, the rate at which alcohol is absorbed into the circulation, and the rate at which the liver metabolizes alcohol are the three factors that determine the model's resolution. Utilizing the Laplace transform method and the generalized Mittag-Leffler function method (GMLFM), the analytical results of stomach alcohol concentration and blood alcohol concentration are examined. Additionally, the study comprehensively analyzes the relationship between blood and stomach alcohol concentrations through an extended series representation. Graphical representations of the impact of fractional parameters on blood and stomach alcohol concentrations are provided. The comparison analysis for both concentrations reveals novel aspects of the studied model's entire fractional derivatives. The fractional blood alcohol models presented provide significant and beneficial outcomes that may be used to forecast future information forthe medical community.</p>","PeriodicalId":94308,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in biomedical engineering","volume":"53 2","pages":"11-19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144762940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Study of Cryosurgery of Prostate Cancer Using Mathematical Model.","authors":"Mukesh Kumar, K N Rai","doi":"10.1615/CritRevBiomedEng.2024052841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1615/CritRevBiomedEng.2024052841","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, a two-dimensional three-phase lag (TPL) bio-heat transfer model during cryosurgery of prostate cancer is developed. The cryoprobe, with a temperature that decreases linearly with time, is placed at the prostate tumor tissue. The mathematical model of this bio-heat transfer problem is a moving boundary value problem. Using finite differences, the boundary value problem is converted into the initial value problem of vector-matrix form. Further applying the Legendre wavelet Galerkin method, the problem has been converted into a generalized system of the Sylvester equation, which is solved by the Bartels-Stewart algorithm, where the idea of generalized inverse has been used. We found the temperature distribution using the TPL model and, using these in interface conditions, we obtained the moving layer thicknesses. We compared the present numerical study with the exact solution and see that the results are in good agreement. We have also seen the effects of τq (phase lag due to heat flux), τT (phase lag due to temperature gradient) and τν (phase lag due to temperature displacement gradient) on temperature distribution.</p>","PeriodicalId":94308,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in biomedical engineering","volume":"53 2","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144762939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Madisyn Messmore, Alain J Kassab, Ray O Prather, David A Castillo Arceo, William DeCampli
{"title":"Cilia and Nodal Flow in Asymmetry: An Engineering Perspective.","authors":"Madisyn Messmore, Alain J Kassab, Ray O Prather, David A Castillo Arceo, William DeCampli","doi":"10.1615/CritRevBiomedEng.2024051678","DOIUrl":"10.1615/CritRevBiomedEng.2024051678","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the past several years, cilia in the primitive node have become recognized more and more for their contribution to development, and more specifically, for their role in axis determination. Although many of the mechanisms behind their influence remain undocumented, it is known that their presence and motion in the primitive node of developing embryos is the determinant of the left-right axis. Studies on cilial mechanics and nodal fluid dynamics have provided clues as to how this asymmetry mechanism works, and more importantly, have shown that direct manipulation of the flow field in the node can directly influence physiology. Although relatively uncommon, cilial disorders have been shown to have a variety of impacts on individuals from chronic respiratory infections to infertility, as well as situs inversus which is linked to congenital heart disease. After first providing background information pertinent to understanding nodal flow and information on why this discussion is important, this paper aims to give a review of the history of nodal cilia investigations, an overview of cilia mechanics and nodal flow dynamics, as well as a review of research studies current and past that sought to understand the mechanisms behind nodal cilia's involvement in symmetry-breaking pathways through a biomedical engineering perspective. This discussion has the additional intention to compile interdisciplinary knowledge on asymmetry and development such that it may encourage more collaborative efforts between the sciences on this topic, as well as provide insight on potential paths forward in the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":94308,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in biomedical engineering","volume":"52 3","pages":"63-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140208773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vineet Srivastava, Dharmendra Tripathi, P K Srivastava, Sireetorn Kuharat, O Anwar Bég
{"title":"Mathematical Modeling of Oxygen Diffusion from Capillary to Tissues during Hypoxia through Multiple Points Using Fractional Balance Equations with Memory.","authors":"Vineet Srivastava, Dharmendra Tripathi, P K Srivastava, Sireetorn Kuharat, O Anwar Bég","doi":"10.1615/CritRevBiomedEng.2024053461","DOIUrl":"10.1615/CritRevBiomedEng.2024053461","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The diffusion of oxygen through capillary to surrounding tissues through multiple points along the length has been addressed in many clinical studies, largely motivated by disorders including hypoxia. However relatively few analytical or numerical studies have been communicated. In this paper, as a compliment to physiological investigations, a novel mathematical model is developed which incorporates the multiple point diffusion of oxygen from different locations in the capillary to tissues, in the form of a fractional dynamical system of equations using the concept of system of balance equations with memory. Stability analysis of the model has been conducted using the well known Routh-Hurwitz stability criterion. Comprehensive analytical solutions for the differntial equation problem in the new proposed model are obtained using Henkel transformations. Both spatial and temporal variation of concentration of oxygen is visualized graphically for different control parameters. Close correlation with simpler models is achieved. Diffusion is shown to arise from different points of the capillary in decreasing order along the length of the capillary i.e. for the different values of z. The concentration magnitudes at low capillary length far exceed those further along the capillary. Furthermore with progrssive distance along the capillary, the radial distance of diffusion decreases, such that oxygen diffuses only effectively in very close proximity to tissues. The simulations provide a useful benchmark for more generalized mass diffusion computations with commercial finite element and finite volume software including ANSYS FLUENT.</p>","PeriodicalId":94308,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in biomedical engineering","volume":"52 6","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141877143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Avinash V Police Patil, Ping-Feng Yang, Chiou-Ying Yang, M S Gaur, Ching-Chou Wu
{"title":"A Critical Review on Detection of Foodborne Pathogens Using Electrochemical Biosensors.","authors":"Avinash V Police Patil, Ping-Feng Yang, Chiou-Ying Yang, M S Gaur, Ching-Chou Wu","doi":"10.1615/CritRevBiomedEng.2023049469","DOIUrl":"10.1615/CritRevBiomedEng.2023049469","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An outbreak of foodborne pathogens would cause severe consequences. Detecting and diagnosing foodborne diseases is crucial for food safety, and it is increasingly important to develop fast, sensitive, and cost-effective methods for detecting foodborne pathogens. In contrast to traditional methods, such as medium-based culture, nucleic acid amplification test, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, electrochemical biosensors possess the advantages of simplicity, rapidity, high sensitivity, miniaturization, and low cost, making them ideal for developing pathogen-sensing devices. The biorecognition layer, consisting of recognition elements, such as aptamers, antibodies and bacteriophages, and other biomolecules or polymers, is the most critical component to determine the selectivity, specificity, reproducibility, and lifetime of a biosensor when detecting pathogens in a biosample. Furthermore, nanomaterials have been frequently used to improve electrochemical biosensors for sensitively detecting foodborne pathogens due to their high conductivity, surface-to-volume ratio, and electrocatalytic activity. In this review, we survey the characteristics of biorecognition elements and nanomaterials in constructing electrochemical biosensors applicable for detecting foodborne pathogens during the past five years. As well as the challenges and opportunities of electrochemical biosensors in the application of foodborne pathogen detection are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":94308,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in biomedical engineering","volume":"52 3","pages":"17-40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140208772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Channel-Specific and Spatial Residual Attention Network for Medical Image Denoising.","authors":"Jianhua Hu, Woqing Huang, Haoxian Zhang, Zhanjiang Yuan, Xiangfei Feng, Weimei Wu","doi":"10.1615/CritRevBiomedEng.2024053351","DOIUrl":"10.1615/CritRevBiomedEng.2024053351","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Medical image quality is crucial for physicians to ensure accurate diagnosis and therapeutic strategies. However, due to the interference of noise, there are often various types of noise and artifacts in medical images. This not only damages the visual clarity of images, but also reduces the accuracy of information extraction. Considering that the edges of medical images are rich in high-frequency information, to enhance the quality of medical images, a dual attention mechanism, the channel-specific and spatial residual attention network (CSRAN) in the U-Net framework is proposed. The CSRAN seamlessly integrates the U-Net architecture with channel-wise and spatial feature attention (CSAR) modules, as well as low-frequency channel attention modules. Combined with the two modules, the ability of medical image processing to extract high-frequency features is improved, thereby significantly improving the edge effects and clarity of reconstructed images. This model can present better performance in capturing high-frequency information and spatial structures in medical image denoising and super-resolution reconstruction tasks. It cannot only enhance the ability to extract high-frequency features and strengthen its nonlinear representation capability, but also endow strong edge detection capabilities of the model. The experimental results further prove the superiority of CSRAN in medical image denoising and super-resolution reconstruction tasks.</p>","PeriodicalId":94308,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in biomedical engineering","volume":"52 5","pages":"17-27"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141332842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Relevant Biomechanical Variables in Skateboarding: A Literature Review.","authors":"Juan Baus, Ethan Nguyen, John R Harry, James Yang","doi":"10.1615/CritRevBiomedEng.2024052903","DOIUrl":"10.1615/CritRevBiomedEng.2024052903","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Skateboarding, once regarded primarily as a means of transportation and entertainment for youth, has become a recognized professional sport, gaining global popularity. With its recent inclusion in the Olympics, a growing imperative exists to comprehensively understand biomechanics explaining skateboarding performance. This literature review seeks to consolidate knowledge within this domain, focusing on experimental and modeling studies about skateboard riding and tricks. The criteria for study selection encompassed content relevance and publication year, spanning from the last two decades and extending further back to 1980 following cross-referencing of seminal works. Peer-reviewed journal articles, conference proceedings, and books were considered, with comprehensive searches conducted on electronic databases, including SCOPUS, PubMed, Scielo, and Taylor & Francis. Comprehending the biomechanical facets of skateboarding is essential in promoting its use and ensuring safety among all practitioners. Insights into factors such as body kinetics, kinematics, and muscle activation represent a foundational step toward understanding the nuances of this sport with implications for both clinical and biomechanical research. Modern data collection systems such as inertial measurement units (IMU) and electromyography (EMG) offer unprecedented insights into human performance during skateboarding, such as joint range of motion, coordination, and muscle activation, whether in casual riding or executing complex tricks and maneuvers. Developing robust modeling approaches also holds promise for enhancing skateboarding training and performance. Crucially, these models can serve as the initial framework for understanding injury mechanisms and implementing strategies to improve performance and mitigate injury risks.</p>","PeriodicalId":94308,"journal":{"name":"Critical reviews in biomedical engineering","volume":"52 4","pages":"29-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141082037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}