Brain-X最新文献

{"title":"Cellular heterogeneity and inflammatory profiles in gliomas: Single-cell transcriptomic insights","authors":"Jiang Li,&nbsp;Liwei Qin,&nbsp;Kailong Xu,&nbsp;Jie Liu,&nbsp;Anren Xu,&nbsp;Yunlong Qu,&nbsp;XiaoLu Fu,&nbsp;Peng Wang,&nbsp;Yang Wang","doi":"10.1002/brx2.70013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brx2.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This study investigates the transcriptional profiles of gliomas across different grades (WHO II-IV) and clinical states (primary vs. recurrent). Utilizing RNA-seq data from public databases (e.g., GEO), we analyzed low-grade gliomas and high-grade gliomas, including oligodendrogliomas, glioblastomas, and other glioma subtypes. Key analyses encompassed differential gene expression, glioma subpopulation characterization (e.g., glioma-associated microglia/macrophages), regulatory network construction (WGCNA and transcription factor activity), and cell state analysis comparing primary and recurrent gliomas. Our findings reveal distinct transcriptional signatures and identify potential biomarkers associated with glioma progression and recurrence.\u0000 <figure>\u0000 <div><picture>\u0000 <source></source></picture><p></p>\u0000 </div>\u0000 </figure></p>","PeriodicalId":94303,"journal":{"name":"Brain-X","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brx2.70013","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143481436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comprehensive review of hydrogel strategies for repairing peripheral nerve injuries","authors":"Shicheng Jia,&nbsp;Hongfa Zhou,&nbsp;Jiayou Chen,&nbsp;Jiashan Lin,&nbsp;Xinlei Zhu,&nbsp;Jian Weng,&nbsp;Wei Li,&nbsp;Fei Yu","doi":"10.1002/brx2.70012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brx2.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<p>As an etiological factor underlying physical and mental disability in humans, peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) can induce pain, sensory impairment, and disability. Despite their regenerative ability, peripheral nerves cannot self-repair after severe defects. While nerve grafting is the gold standard for the treatment of PNIs, it is limited by graft versus host reactions, surgical complications, and limited donor nerves. As the field of material science continues to develop, hydrogels have been proposed for use in PNI repair after their biomodification, targeted modification, or loading with biological factors and cells. This article reviewed research advances in hydrogels used for PNI repair, including simple hydrogels and composite functionalized hydrogels loaded with biological factors and cells. Based on the findings from these reviews, we determined that further clarification of the mechanisms of action for hydrogels and loaded biological factors in modulating cellular functions is necessary. In addition, there is a need to further explore the synergistic effect of novel functionalized hydrogels with other biological, physical, or biochemical factors. While clinical trials are still limited, scientific efforts are expected to promote the application of hydrogels in the field of PNI repair.</p>","PeriodicalId":94303,"journal":{"name":"Brain-X","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brx2.70012","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143362729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"VMD-FBCCA classification method for SSVEP brain–computer interfaces","authors":"Ping Tan,&nbsp;Fengsheng Wang,&nbsp;Kaijun Zhou,&nbsp;Yi Shen","doi":"10.1002/brx2.70014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brx2.70014","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A steady-state visually evoked potential (SSVEP) is a brain response to specific frequencies of visual stimuli, including their harmonic frequencies. However, this signal is susceptible to interference from spontaneous <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>α</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $alpha $</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> and <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mi>β</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $beta $</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> rhythms in electroencephalography (EEG) signals because they overlap from 8 to 40 Hz. This can reduce the recognition accuracy of SSVEP brain–computer interfaces (BCIs). To address this problem, a variational mode decomposition–based filter bank canonical correlation analysis (VMD-FBCCA) algorithm is proposed, which integrates the adaptive characteristics of VMD and the training-free nature of the FBCCA algorithm. First, the EEG signal of each channel is transformed into intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) by the VMD algorithm, which extracts frequency components of the SSVEP from each IMF. Next, a particle swarm algorithm is employed to optimize the weights of the IMFs and reconstruct the EEG signals. This reconstruction selectively enhances the IMFs in the target SSVEP frequency band while suppressing interference from other bands. Finally, the reconstructed EEG is classified using FBCCA to decode the SSVEP-BCI signal. To evaluate its effectiveness, the proposed algorithm is tested on datasets from the BCI Competition. The results demonstrate that VMD-FBCCA outperforms FBCCA, showing improvements in both the average recognition accuracy <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mo>(</mo>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mn>6.04</mn>\u0000 <mi>%</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <mo>)</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $(6.04%)$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math> and information transmission rate (8.91 bits/min). Moreover, the best recognition accuracy achieved for individual subjects is enhanced by <span></span><math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mn>29.17</mn>\u0000 <mi>%</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <annotation> $29.17%$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>.</p>","PeriodicalId":94303,"journal":{"name":"Brain-X","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brx2.70014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143116399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamic real-time 3D roadmap: A navigational tool for endovascular recanalization in chronic intracranial arterial occlusion","authors":"Wen Zhao,&nbsp;Ling Chen,&nbsp;Honggen Guo,&nbsp;Qi Jia,&nbsp;Xiaojian Lu,&nbsp;Feng Zhang,&nbsp;Zhengwen Chen,&nbsp;Peicheng Li","doi":"10.1002/brx2.70015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brx2.70015","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Chronic intracranial arterial occlusion (CIAO) poses a significant challenge in neurointerventional practice, with no universally accepted treatment strategy. While endovascular recanalization offers the potential for improved outcomes, it requires precise navigation and visualization of the vascular bed distal to the occluded segment to mitigate risks and enhance procedural success. This study introduces a novel technique that employs a dynamic real-time three-dimensional (3D) roadmap as a navigation tool during endovascular recanalization procedures for CIAO. This technique leverages advanced 3D rotational angiography and real-time fluoroscopic overlay to provide continuous, high-fidelity visualization of vascular anatomy without the need for repeated angiographic acquisitions or roadmap updates. By eliminating the need for recurrent angiograms to obtain optimal working projections after C-arm adjustments, the dynamic real-time 3D roadmap significantly improves procedural efficiency. This innovation substantially reduces radiation exposure, and contrast media volume, directly enhancing patient safety. Moreover, real-time guidance minimizes procedural complications, such as vessel perforation and dissection, ensuring a safer and more controlled recanalization process. The dynamic real-time 3D roadmap offers a safe, accurate, and efficient approach for navigating complex vascular anatomy, improving clinical outcomes in patients with CIAO while reducing procedural risks and resource utilization.</p>","PeriodicalId":94303,"journal":{"name":"Brain-X","volume":"2 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brx2.70015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143121130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational therapy-based rehabilitation of sciatic nerve pain","authors":"Sudha Thakur,&nbsp;Anoop Kumar,&nbsp;Anne Dijkstra,&nbsp;Abhimanyu Thakur","doi":"10.1002/brx2.70010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brx2.70010","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sciatica is a severe form of pain caused by compression of the sciatic nerve that radiates from the back toward the hip and outer side of the leg. Conventional treatments for sciatica include pain medication, physical therapy, and surgery in severe cases. However, these approaches can be invasive and costly and may not provide long-term relief. Occupational therapy refers to the intentional and strategic application of various activities associated with daily life, work, education, and leisure to address functional impairments. Focusing on targeted exercises, manual techniques, and ergonomic modifications to alleviate symptoms and improve function, it offers a promising alternative to medical treatments. Occupational therapy interventions for sciatica can reduce pain, increase mobility, and enhance the overall quality of life. As an empowering approach, such techniques aid symptom management and functional independence. This article explores occupational therapy-based assessments, interventions, outcomes, progress tracking, pharmacotherapy, challenges owing to surgical approaches, and devices for sciatic pain rehabilitation, with assessments aimed at improving the overall quality of life for individuals affected by this condition. Future research should focus on developing and validating new assessment tools and outcome measures specific to sciatica, enabling more accurate evaluation and progress monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":94303,"journal":{"name":"Brain-X","volume":"2 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brx2.70010","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143119242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The glymphatic system: A new insight into the understanding of neurological diseases","authors":"Junbo Liao,&nbsp;Zhihan An,&nbsp;Quan Cheng,&nbsp;Yaxue Liu,&nbsp;Yibing Chen,&nbsp;Zhangjie Su,&nbsp;Ahsan Muhammad Usman,&nbsp;Zhi Tang,&nbsp;Gelei Xiao","doi":"10.1002/brx2.70011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brx2.70011","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The glymphatic system (GS) is a newly discovered transport system in the central nervous system (CNS) that plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis by facilitating the clearance of metabolic waste and fluid transport. This groundbreaking discovery has significantly advanced our understanding of CNS physiology. Historically, the brain was thought to lack a lymphatic system, leaving its mechanisms for waste clearance largely enigmatic. This review elaborates on the anatomical structures of the GS, including the perivascular space, aquaporin 4 (AQP4) channels, and the meningeal lymphatic system, as well as their functional dynamics, to elucidate the GS's waste clearance mechanism. It also explores the key factors influencing GS activity, such as sleep, arterial pulsation, aging, and pharmacological interventions. Moreover, it examines the implications of GS dysfunction in various neurological diseases, including stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Furthermore, it discusses the latest diagnostic and therapeutic strategies targeting this vital system. Understanding the role of the GS in CNS homeostasis not only provides new insights into the pathophysiology of neurological diseases but also opens novel avenues for therapeutic interventions to enhance brain health and mitigate neurodegenerative processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":94303,"journal":{"name":"Brain-X","volume":"2 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brx2.70011","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143118262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced flexible brain-computer interfaces and devices for the exploration of neural dynamics","authors":"Pancheng Zhu,&nbsp;Mengxia Yu,&nbsp;Mingzheng Wu,&nbsp;Yiyuan Yang","doi":"10.1002/brx2.70009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brx2.70009","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The rapid advancement of flexible neural interfaces and devices is revolutionizing our ability to explore the neural foundations of consciousness, intelligence, and behavior. Cutting-edge developments in materials science and system-level integration are significantly enhancing the spatiotemporal resolution of neural signal acquisition and modulation, paving the way for next-generation brain-computer interfaces. These technologies enable unprecedented investigations into the causal relationships between neural dynamics and behaviors in freely moving subjects, offering new insights into various neurocognitive domains. The integration of artificial intelligence and brain organoids with neuroscience research promises to further decode complex neural signals, deepening our understanding of multilevel neural dynamics. Beyond their scientific implications, these innovations also offer transformative possibilities for the diagnosis, treatment, and management of neurological and psychiatric disorders. This perspective paper examines how flexible neural interfaces overcome the limitations of traditional neurotechnology, their potential impact on neural research, and their promising applications in treating neurological and psychiatric disorders, while also considering the ethical implications and future challenges in this rapidly evolving field.</p>","PeriodicalId":94303,"journal":{"name":"Brain-X","volume":"2 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brx2.70009","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142851343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidative stress in hydrocephalus: A new potential therapeutic target","authors":"Jie Zhao,&nbsp;Zhi Tang,&nbsp;Yuchu Jiang,&nbsp;Yijian Yang,&nbsp;Junbo Liao,&nbsp;Zhangjie Su,&nbsp;Ahsan Muhammad Usman,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Chen,&nbsp;Gelei Xiao","doi":"10.1002/brx2.70008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brx2.70008","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hydrocephalus is an abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the skull for several reasons, such as cerebrospinal fluid overproduction, circulatory obstruction, and malabsorption. Excess fluid causes the ventricular system and subarachnoid space to enlarge due to the squeezing of cerebrospinal fluid. Hydrocephalus is clinically manifested by increased intracranial pressure and impaired brain function. It is a neurological disease with a variety of complications that affect the body and require long-term and continuous treatment; however, current treatment methods are relatively limited, whether medical or surgical. Studies have shown that oxidative stress plays an important role in the formation and development of hydrocephalus, but it has not been systematically reviewed in current studies. In this paper, oxidative stress in hydrocephalus formation and its potential role were systematically reviewed, including the mechanism of oxidative stress, related signaling pathways, and pathological changes in oxidative stress formation. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the possibility of oxidative stress as a new therapeutic target of hydrocephalus treatment, expecting that it will be helpful for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":94303,"journal":{"name":"Brain-X","volume":"2 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brx2.70008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142860832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brain perfusion alterations in patients and survivors of COVID-19 infection using arterial spin labeling: A systematic review","authors":"Sana Mohammadi,&nbsp;Sadegh Ghaderi,&nbsp;Farzad Fatehi","doi":"10.1002/brx2.70007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brx2.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been shown to impact the central nervous system, leading to various neurological complications. Arterial spin labeling (ASL), a non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging technique, enables the measurement of cerebral blood flow and perfusion abnormalities. This systematic review aims to synthesize ASL findings in patients with COVID-19 and assess the potential role of ASL in diagnosing and managing neurological complications. A comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed and Scopus for studies related to ASL in individuals with COVID-19 or post-COVID-19 syndrome published between December 2019 and August 2024. Extracted data encompassed study characteristics, ASL protocols, cognitive assessments, and principal findings. The most consistent observation across studies was hypoperfusion detected in various brain regions, particularly within the frontal lobes, which may correlate with cognitive impairment and olfactory dysfunction. Additionally, some investigations reported hyperperfusion localized to the leptomeninges. These results may reflect underlying mechanisms such as hypoxic–ischemic injury, inflammation, vascular dysfunction, and neuronal damage attributable to COVID-19. In conclusion, ASL has emerged as a valuable tool for evaluating brain perfusion among patients affected by or recovering from COVID-19 since it offers critical insights into cerebral hemodynamics and metabolism. Further research is warranted to validate these ASL findings and elucidate whether post-COVID-19 syndrome contributes to persistent brain perfusion issues.</p>","PeriodicalId":94303,"journal":{"name":"Brain-X","volume":"2 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brx2.70007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142451731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechanosensitive Piezo channels and their potential roles in peripheral auditory perception","authors":"Zhangyi Yi,&nbsp;Ge Yin,&nbsp;Chunjiang Wei,&nbsp;Yizhou Quan,&nbsp;Yu Sun","doi":"10.1002/brx2.70006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/brx2.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hearing sound and responding to external and internal mechanical stimuli requires specific proteins as mechanotransducers that convert mechanical forces into biological signals. However, our understanding of the mechanotransduction process in the inner ear is still incomplete. Mechanically activated ion channels, PIEZO1 and PIEZO2, are widely distributed throughout the body and play essential roles. Recent studies have discovered that Piezo channels are expressed in inner ear hair cells, suggesting their potential involvement in auditory perception. This review summarizes the existing discoveries about the Piezo channels, including their structure, mechanogating mechanisms, and general physiological roles, explicitly focusing on Piezo channels in the auditory systems. Piezo channels play roles in ultrasound perception, generation of anomalous current, hair cell development, and potentially in the normal mechanoelectrical transduction process of hair cells. Collectively, this review aims to provide a new perspective on the Piezo channel and its potential roles in auditory perception.</p>","PeriodicalId":94303,"journal":{"name":"Brain-X","volume":"2 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/brx2.70006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142451730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}