Brain-XPub Date : 2020-05-15DOI: 10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11425
Alessandro Camiz, M. Griffo, E. Valletta, Almira Khafizou
{"title":"The so-called “beach-tower” of Kyrenia city walls, Cyprus","authors":"Alessandro Camiz, M. Griffo, E. Valletta, Almira Khafizou","doi":"10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11425","url":null,"abstract":"The so-called “beach-tower” is the smallest of the three remaining towers belonging to the Kyrenia’s medieval enceinte. Semi-circular in plan, with circa 6 m of diameter, the tower is today partially obliterated by the medieval urban tissue and is visible only from one side. Built during the twelfth-thirteenth centuries, this harbour overlooking tower is raised on a pedestal in the north-west inner corner of the city walled enclosure. The tower shows on the outside two windows that might belong to a later phase, being too wide as defensive openings, and includes fragments of the adjoining city walls that ran to the east, towards the castle and to the west towards the beach city gate. Kyrenia city’s walled defensive system was dismantled by the Venetians when the use of gunpowder cannon became prevalent, however, traces and records still remain enshrined in the medieval constructions. The paper, following the historical research, attempts to date the construction of this tower, and by examining the fortification remains with a digital survey, applies the comparison with other coeval examples together with the comparative analysis of the different masonry types.","PeriodicalId":94303,"journal":{"name":"Brain-X","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82462290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brain-XPub Date : 2020-05-15DOI: 10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11496
L. Appolonia, M. C. Ceriotti, Daniela Lattanzi, Antonio Giovanni Mazzeri, B. Scala
{"title":"Studi sul recupero delle superfici decorate dell’architettura delle facciate della Cavallerizza e del Castello di San Giorgio in Palazzo Ducale di Mantova","authors":"L. Appolonia, M. C. Ceriotti, Daniela Lattanzi, Antonio Giovanni Mazzeri, B. Scala","doi":"10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11496","url":null,"abstract":"Studies on the recovery of the decorated surfaces of the architecture of the facades of the Cavallerizza and the Castle of San Giorgio in the Ducal Palace of MantuaThe contribution aims to present the path of knowledge on the external surfaces of the Courtyard of the Cavallerizza and the Castle of San Giorgio in Palazzo Ducale in Mantua, the subject of an upcoming conservation project. In particular, the results emerged through the autopsy and stratigraphic survey of areas selected by sample, relating to the technique of execution and the constituent materials of the finishes. From this survey, the characteristics of the original structure have been defined so as to have a clear relationship with respect to integration or degradation. At the same time, following specific evidence and to support the cognitive operations carried out in situ, in-depth diagnostic investigations were carried out in order to support and clarify the contents detected previously by interpreting the scientific data on the nature of the materials and the degradation present. The re-elaboration and critical analysis of the data acquired through various in-depth techniques, as well as providing indications for intervening on the causes of degradation, has supported the designers in the development of intervention methods and in the choice of the most suitable materials for conservation, based on the state of conservation of the nearby areas and the interfaces with the substrate. The scientific data have been compared with the historiographic information in order to have an objective comparison.","PeriodicalId":94303,"journal":{"name":"Brain-X","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89463918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brain-XPub Date : 2020-05-15DOI: 10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11459
Alessandro Camiz, M. Griffo, Seda Baydur, E. Valletta
{"title":"The chain tower in Kyrenia’s harbour, Cyprus","authors":"Alessandro Camiz, M. Griffo, Seda Baydur, E. Valletta","doi":"10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11459","url":null,"abstract":"In the Middle Ages a chain suspended between two towers defended the entrance of Kyrenia’s little harbour, like the chain across the Golden Horn in Constantinople. William de Oldenburg, who visited Cyprus in 1211 during the reign of King Hugh I, referred to Kyrenia as “a small town well-fortified, which has a castle with walls and towers”. He perceived the chain tower as part of Kyrenia’s fortification system in that time. The Byzantines had already fortified the city, but in the thirteenth century, during the Longobard war, before the siege of the city, Frederick II’s party, under the direction of Captain Philippo Genardo, improved the defences of the city. The chain tower is still visible today in the north side of the old Kyrenia harbour. It consists of an 8,15 m diameter cylindrical tower and a 1,5 m diameter pillar on top of it. The tower was supporting a chain attached on the other side to another structure. The fortifications on the north side terminated against the harbour in a square tower or bastion holding the chain to be raised and lowered by means of a windlass. The paper includes the digital photogrammetric survey of the chain tower using a structure from motion software, the historical research and the comparison with other coeval harbour defence constructions of the eastern Mediterranean.","PeriodicalId":94303,"journal":{"name":"Brain-X","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83388545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brain-XPub Date : 2020-05-15DOI: 10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11534
M. M. Grisoni
{"title":"Il piano regolatore di Tripoli (1930-1936). La consapevolezza del passato","authors":"M. M. Grisoni","doi":"10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4995/fortmed2020.2020.11534","url":null,"abstract":"Tripoli town plan (1930-1936). The consciousness of the pastThe paper recalls the well known urban facts of Tripoli during the Italian colonialism to eventually deepen the theme of the preservation of the past and not only of the Roman one, as well of the city walls. The town plan has been analyzed not only as it has been approved but also as it has been argued, not only through the drawings but also by the debate. A few letters between the professionals involved (especially Alberto Alpago Novello) and some authoritative exponents of the contemporary architecture culture and criticism (like, Gustavo Giovannoni) have assured an original source to underlines the critical background and to reveal a purpose of touristic and commercial development. ","PeriodicalId":94303,"journal":{"name":"Brain-X","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79521851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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