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Deciphering the hepatitis E virus ORF1: Functional domains, protein processing, and patient-derived mutations. 解密戊型肝炎病毒 ORF1：功能域、蛋白质加工和源自患者的突变。
Virology Pub Date : 2024-12-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110350
Fei Zhang, Ling-Dong Xu, Shiying Wu, Bin Wang, Pinglong Xu, Yao-Wei Huang
{"title":"Deciphering the hepatitis E virus ORF1: Functional domains, protein processing, and patient-derived mutations.","authors":"Fei Zhang, Ling-Dong Xu, Shiying Wu, Bin Wang, Pinglong Xu, Yao-Wei Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2024.110350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2024.110350","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major cause of acute and chronic hepatitis in humans. The HEV open reading frames (ORF1) encodes a large non-structural protein essential for viral replication, which contains several functional domains, including helicase and RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. A confusing aspect is that, while RNA viruses typically encode large polyproteins that rely on their enzymatic activity for processing into functional units, the processing of the ORF1 protein and the mechanisms involved remain unclear. The ORF1 plays a pivotal role in the viral life cycle, thus mutations in this region, especially those occurring under environmental pressures such as during antiviral drug treatment, could significantly affect viral replication and survival. Here, we summarize the recent advances in the functional domains, processing, and mutations of ORF1. Gaining a deeper understanding of HEV biology, particularly focusing on ORF1, could facilitate the development of new strategies to control HEV infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":94266,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"603 ","pages":"110350"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142831441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Exploring the role of carbon quantum dots as countermeasure for SARS-CoV-2 virus. 探索碳量子点在SARS-CoV-2病毒防控中的作用。
Virology Pub Date : 2024-12-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110339
Kallol Roy, Binoy K Saikia, Rituraj Konwar
{"title":"Exploring the role of carbon quantum dots as countermeasure for SARS-CoV-2 virus.","authors":"Kallol Roy, Binoy K Saikia, Rituraj Konwar","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2024.110339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2024.110339","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The world witnessed disturbingly rapid unfolding of COVID-19 pandemic with emergence of SARS-CoV-2 virus resulting in severe morbidity and mortality and it still persists through incessant transmission across the globe even after years. Since the last decade, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) have gained much attention due to their favourable aqueous solubility, nano size (<10 nm), inherent fluorescence, biocompatibility, and environment friendliness. In the wider search for effective strategies for treatment, prevention, and diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 virus, nanotechnology-based formulation using CQDs have emerged as an interesting option. This article briefly reviews the basic SARS-CoV-2 virology, physicochemical properties, synthesis techniques, and diverse application of CQDs against this virus. Further, latest development and progress of CQD based approaches pertaining to their therapeutic mechanism of action, prevention, and diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 virus were comprehensively discussed. We believe that this compilation will invigorate further research for development of CQD based nanomedicines as countermeasure for SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses.</p>","PeriodicalId":94266,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"603 ","pages":"110339"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142866956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Oncolytic senecavirus A in tumor immunotherapy: Mechanisms, progress, and future directions. 溶瘤性赛尼卡病毒A在肿瘤免疫治疗中的作用：机制、进展和未来方向。
Virology Pub Date : 2024-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110338
Xiaoya Zhao, Wenjie Li, Yuan Sun, Jingyun Ma
{"title":"Oncolytic senecavirus A in tumor immunotherapy: Mechanisms, progress, and future directions.","authors":"Xiaoya Zhao, Wenjie Li, Yuan Sun, Jingyun Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2024.110338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2024.110338","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oncolytic virotherapy has emerged as a promising immunotherapy strategy against cancer. As the first picornavirus tested in humans for its oncolytic potential, Senecavirus A (SVA) possesses several advantageous features, including its small size, rapid replication, and ability to penetrate the vascular system of solid tumors, allowing for the specific targeting and lysis of tumor cells. Additionally, SVA does not integrate into the host genome, thus avoiding potential genomic damage, and it lacks oncogenes or other virulence genes. Importantly, no significant pathogenic effects have been observed in humans or companion animals. Due to its simple genetic structure, SVA is amenable to various genetic modifications, allowing it to carry exogenous genes to further enhance tumor therapy. This review summarizes current knowledge of SVA's mechanisms of action and its progress in oncolytic therapy research, while also addressing the challenges and future directions.</p>","PeriodicalId":94266,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"603 ","pages":"110338"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142820490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Investigating the combination of Temsavir and entry inhibitors on HIV replication: Synergistic and antagonistic effects observed against various R5-tropic envelopes. 研究Temsavir和进入抑制剂联合使用对HIV复制的影响：对多种R5-tropic envelope观察到协同和拮抗作用。
Virology Pub Date : 2024-12-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110341
Yunus Yukselten, Edidiong Akang, Lingyun Wang, PeiYi Su, Richard E Sutton
{"title":"Investigating the combination of Temsavir and entry inhibitors on HIV replication: Synergistic and antagonistic effects observed against various R5-tropic envelopes.","authors":"Yunus Yukselten, Edidiong Akang, Lingyun Wang, PeiYi Su, Richard E Sutton","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2024.110341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2024.110341","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>HIV is still a pandemic; antiretroviral therapeutics for preventing and treating HIV infection continue to present significant challenges. The demand for new drugs and effective treatments remains ongoing. Here, we investigated the effects of combining Temsavir with other HIV entry inhibitors, including CD4 mimetic BNM-III-170, T20 or enfuvirtide, Ibalizumab, and Maraviroc. Our results show that TMR demonstrates both synergistic and antagonistic activity when combined those other entry inhibitors, depending on the concentration and the specific envelope used. Results suggest that while low-dose combinations, especially using Temsavir and CD4 mimetic, exhibited antagonistic effects, Temsavir showed synergy at low and medium concentrations in combination with enfuvirtide, Ibalizumab, and Maraviroc. These results are promising for the potential of co-administrating antiretrovirals for HIV treatment and highlights the importance of developing advanced antiviral strategies. On the other hand, the variable responses against different R5-tropic envelopes underscore the complexity of designing universally effective combination antiviral therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":94266,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"603 ","pages":"110341"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142793106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Herpes simplex virus-1 targets the 2'-3'cGAMP importer SLC19A1 as an antiviral countermeasure. 单纯疱疹病毒-1靶向2'-3'cGAMP入口蛋白SLC19A1作为抗病毒对策。
Virology Pub Date : 2024-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110320
Zsuzsa K Szemere, Emmanuel Ijezie, Eain A Murphy
{"title":"Herpes simplex virus-1 targets the 2'-3'cGAMP importer SLC19A1 as an antiviral countermeasure.","authors":"Zsuzsa K Szemere, Emmanuel Ijezie, Eain A Murphy","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2024.110320","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.virol.2024.110320","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The extracellular addition of the STING agonist, 2-3cGAMP, induces an antiviral state that inhibits HSV-1 replication in a cell type dependent manner via the transportation of the cyclic-dinucleotide through the folate antiporter SLC19A1. To establish a successful infection, herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1), a ubiquitous virus with high seropositivity in the human population, must undermine a multitude of host innate and intrinsic immune defense mechanisms, including key players of the STimulator of INterferon Genes (STING) pathway. Herein, we report that HSV-1 infection results in the reduction of SLC19A1 transcription, translation, and importantly, the rapid removal of SLC19A1 from the cell surface of infected cells. Our data indicate SLC19A1 functions as a newly identified antiviral mediator for extracellular 2'-3'cGAMP which is undermined by HSV-1 protein ICP27. This work presents novel and important findings about how HSV-1 manipulates the host's immune environment for viral replication and discovers details about an important antiviral mechanism.</p>","PeriodicalId":94266,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"603 ","pages":"110320"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142788354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The battle between infectious bronchitis virus and innate immunity: A mini review. 传染性支气管炎病毒和先天免疫之间的斗争：一个小回顾。
Virology Pub Date : 2024-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110321
Hao Dong, Shengkui Xu, Peng Li, Wenke Ruan
{"title":"The battle between infectious bronchitis virus and innate immunity: A mini review.","authors":"Hao Dong, Shengkui Xu, Peng Li, Wenke Ruan","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2024.110321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2024.110321","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is the causative agent of infectious bronchitis (IB), leading to acute or persistent infections in poultry. IBV triggers innate immune response, and the production of interferon (IFN) varies depending on the viral strains and host cell types. To evade the host immune system, IBV has developed numerous immune escape strategies. These include hijacking host proteins, modulating protein synthesis, antagonizing IFN production, promoting autophagosome formation and expansion, manipulating apoptosis, blocking antigen presentation, stabilizing viral mRNA, and inhibiting stress granule (SG) formation. The ongoing interaction between IBV and the host immune system reflects a dynamic battle, as the virus employs various tactics to ensure its replication. Understanding these pathogenic mechanisms of IBV is crucial for developing effective control measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":94266,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"603 ","pages":"110321"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142793107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Isolation and molecular characterization of an enteric isolate of the genotype-Ia bovine coronavirus with notable mutations in the receptor binding domain of the spike glycoprotein. 基因型-Ia 牛冠状病毒肠道分离株的分离和分子鉴定，该分离株在尖峰糖蛋白的受体结合域有显著突变。
Virology Pub Date : 2024-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110313
Abid Ullah Shah, Phillip Gauger, Maged Gomaa Hemida
{"title":"Isolation and molecular characterization of an enteric isolate of the genotype-Ia bovine coronavirus with notable mutations in the receptor binding domain of the spike glycoprotein.","authors":"Abid Ullah Shah, Phillip Gauger, Maged Gomaa Hemida","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2024.110313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2024.110313","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BCoV new isolate was plaque purified, isolated, and propagated in vitro using MDBK and HRT-18. The full-length genome sequencing of this new BCoV isolate (31 Kbs) was drafted and deported in the GenBank. The genome organization is (5'-UTR-Gene-1-32kDa-HE-S-4.9 kDa-4.8 kDa-12.7 kDa-E-M-N-UTR-3'). Phylogenetic analysis based on the sequences of (the full-length genome, S, HE, and N) showed that the BCoV-13 clustered with other North American BCoV genotype I members. The sequence analysis shows several synonymous mutations among various domains of the S glycoprotein, especially the receptor binding domain. We found nine notable nucleotide deletions immediately downstream of the RNA binding domain of the nucleocapsid gene. Further gene function studies are encouraged to study the function of these mutations on the BCoV molecular pathogenesis and immune regulation. This research enhances our understanding of BCoV genomics and contributes to improved diagnostic and control measures for BCoV infections in cattle.</p>","PeriodicalId":94266,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"603 ","pages":"110313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142840719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
(R)evolution of Viruses: Introduction to biothermodynamics of viruses. (R)病毒的进化：病毒生物热力学导论。
Virology Pub Date : 2024-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110319
Marko E Popović, Vojin Tadić, Marta Popović
{"title":"(R)evolution of Viruses: Introduction to biothermodynamics of viruses.","authors":"Marko E Popović, Vojin Tadić, Marta Popović","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2024.110319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2024.110319","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As of 26 April 2024, the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses has registered 14690 virus species. Of these, only several dozen have been chemically and thermodynamically characterized. Every virus species is characterized by a specific empirical formula and thermodynamic properties - enthalpy, entropy and Gibbs energy. These physical properties are used in a mechanistic model of virus-host interactions at the cell membrane and in the cytoplasm. This review article presents empirical formulas and Gibbs energies for all major variants of SARS-CoV-2. This article also reports and suggests a mechanistic model of evolutionary changes, with the example of time evolution of SARS-CoV-2 from 2019 to 2024.</p>","PeriodicalId":94266,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"603 ","pages":"110319"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142793103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The novel COVID-19 treatment VV116 is a potential inhibitor of Zika virus. 新型COVID-19治疗药物VV116是寨卡病毒的潜在抑制剂。
Virology Pub Date : 2024-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110334
Shaokang Yang, Xiaotong Yang, Weiyan Zhu, Chongda Luo, Xintong Yan, Wei Li, Ruiyuan Cao, Wu Zhong
{"title":"The novel COVID-19 treatment VV116 is a potential inhibitor of Zika virus.","authors":"Shaokang Yang, Xiaotong Yang, Weiyan Zhu, Chongda Luo, Xintong Yan, Wei Li, Ruiyuan Cao, Wu Zhong","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2024.110334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2024.110334","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne, positive-stranded RNA virus, ZIKV infection during pregnancy threatens pregnancy and fetal health, and it remains a global health threat, there are no clinically approved vaccines or antiviral drugs for the treatment of ZIKV infection. VV116 is an oral drug candidate of nucleoside analog against SARS-CoV-2 that has demonstrated a satisfactory safety and tolerability in healthy subjects. Our study shows for the first time that VV116 has potent activity against ZIKV. We verified that VV116 can inhibit the RNA and protein level of ZIKV in vitro. Importantly, treatment with VV116 significantly enhanced survival and provided protection in ZIKV-infected ICR mice. VV116 acted at the replication stage of viral infection cycle, and exhibited reasonable inhibition of ZIKV replicons. Collectively, the in vitro and in vivo anti-ZIKV activity of VV116 suggests that it is a promising anti-ZIKV drug candidate.</p>","PeriodicalId":94266,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"603 ","pages":"110334"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142796752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ethylene response transcription factor 5 (ERF5) enhances defense against tobacco curly shoot virus and associated betasatellite (TbCSV/TbCSB) in Nicotiana benthamiana. 乙烯反应转录因子5（ERF5）可增强烟草卷曲芽病毒及相关β卫星（TbCSV/TbCSB）在烟草中的防御能力。
Virology Pub Date : 2024-11-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2024.110309
Meisheng Zhao, Liping Zhang, Hussein Ghanem, Gentu Wu, Mingjun Li, Ling Qing
{"title":"Ethylene response transcription factor 5 (ERF5) enhances defense against tobacco curly shoot virus and associated betasatellite (TbCSV/TbCSB) in Nicotiana benthamiana.","authors":"Meisheng Zhao, Liping Zhang, Hussein Ghanem, Gentu Wu, Mingjun Li, Ling Qing","doi":"10.1016/j.virol.2024.110309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2024.110309","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Begomovirus/betasatellite disease complex significantly threatens global crop production. Identifying potential plant antiviral genes is crucial for disease control. Nicotiana benthamiana is susceptible to viruses and contains 266 ethylene response transcription factors (ERFs). This study identified 29 NbERFs that were differentially upregulated in tobacco curly shoot virus and its associated betasatellite (TbCSV/TbCSB) infection, with ERF5 being the most common. Nine NbERF5s cluster phylogenetically and Niben101Scf00163g22002 (NbERF5) responds significantly to exogenous ACC treatment. Further analysis confirms the nuclear localization and transcriptional activation activity of NbERF5. Protein interaction assays demonstrate that NbERF5 has no self-interaction and does not interact with the βC1 protein of TbCSB. Silencing NbERF5 enhances TbCSV/TbCSB infection, and overexpression of NbERF5 inhibits TbCSV/TbCSB infection. Importantly, NbERF5 positively regulates the expression of the pathogenesis-related (PR) genes, NbPR1a and NbNPR1. Our findings suggest that NbERF5 enhances TbCSV/TbCSB resistance by activating the PR genes, indicating that NbERF5 is a potential antiviral gene.</p>","PeriodicalId":94266,"journal":{"name":"Virology","volume":"603 ","pages":"110309"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142824999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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