Vaccine最新文献

{"title":"Effectiveness of CONFIVAC, an intervention to enhance paediatric nurses and paediatricians skills to promote vaccination: A mixed-methods cluster randomized trial.","authors":"Elena Roel, Elisabet Henderson, Sara Valmayor, Victoria Porthé, Alba Asensio, Anna Ramírez-Morros, Xavier Bruna, M Isabel Pasarín, Cristina Rius, Elia Díez","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127603","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127603","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vaccine hesitancy (VH) poses a significant challenge to achieving optimal vaccination coverages worldwide. Paediatric healthcare workers (PHCWs) are fundamental in promoting vaccination but often lack adequate training to address VH. We designed CONFIVAC, a short evidence-based training program to enhance PHCWs' effective behaviours, specific knowledge and communication skills in managing VH and fostering a culture of immunization in primary care. This study evaluates its effectiveness.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Mixed methods study including a cluster-randomized trial with 142 PHCWs in Barcelona and Central Catalonia, Spain, from October 2023 to February 2024 and a qualitative study. Paediatric teams were randomized into intervention (CONFIVAC) and control (standard care) arms. CONFIVAC included 12 h of online and in-person training on vaccine knowledge, communication strategies, and organizational tools. Participants answered self-administered questionnaires at baseline (T0) and four months later (T1). Key outcomes were vaccine-promoting behaviours (presumptive communication, anticipation of upcoming vaccines, and explicit vaccine recommendations) and self-perception of adequate training to handle VH. We performed logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios (OR) with 95 % confidence intervals using an intention-to-treat approach. Focus groups provided qualitative insights through thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At T1, PHCWs in the intervention arm were more likely to use presumptive communication (aOR:4.05 [2.30;7.15]) and anticipate upcoming vaccines (aOR:2.64 [1.50;4.65]) than controls. Explicitly recommending vaccination when encountering cases of VH did not reach statistical significance (aOR:1.75 [0.89;3.44]). Self-perception of adequate training was higher in the intervention arm (aOR:3.85 [2.10;7.03]). Satisfaction with the training was high. Focus group participants reported improved communication strategies, more empathy towards VH families, and increased confidence in managing VH situations.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>CONFIVAC increased PHCWs' vaccine-promoting behaviours and self-efficacy, demonstrating the value of an accessible, evidence-based training program to support vaccination efforts in routine practice.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ClinicalTrials.govNCT06489236.</p>","PeriodicalId":94264,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"62 ","pages":"127603"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144862761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants for not keeping up to date with COVID-19 vaccination in the 2023 vaccination round among medical risk groups, the Netherlands.","authors":"Tea Osmënaj, Annika van Roon, Lisanne Labuschagne, Joyce Pijpers, Bente Smagge, Hester de Melker, Susan van den Hof, Susan Hahné","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127561","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127561","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vaccination is crucial to prevent severe COVID-19 in people in medical risk groups (MRG). Among MRG aged 18-59 years, vaccination coverage declined from 19 % in 2022 to 6 % in 2023. Among those aged ≥60 years, coverage declined from 61 % to 53 %. We explored determinants for not being vaccinated in 2023 among those vaccinated in 2022 ('vaccination dropout'), to inform strategies to improve coverage.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective database study in the Dutch MRG population aged ≥18 years, assessing socio-demographic determinants for vaccination dropout by multivariable logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among MRG vaccinated in 2022 (n = 1,593,265), dropout in 2023 was 33 %. For MRG <60 years, younger age was mostly strongly associated with dropout (aOR _18-24years 2.55; 95 % CI: 2.34-2.78. Reference: 55-59 years). Being in a household with children increased dropout, where non-married couples with children had an aOR (1.63, 1.57-1.69. Reference: married couples without children in the household). For MGR ≥60 years, younger age and lower income quartile was most strongly associated with dropout (aOR _60-64years 2.26; 2.21-2.31. Reference: 80+) and (aOR _{lowest quartile} 1.80; 1.77-1.83. Reference: highest income quartile), respectively. In both age groups, lower medical risk, being born abroad, living in a non-urban area and lack of car-ownership were also associated with dropout. Being employed was associated with higher dropout rates. Living within 5 km of a vaccination location was associated with lower dropout.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>COVID-19 vaccine coverage among MRG in the Netherlands declined in 2023 compared to 2022. We identified several determinants for dropout, which are relevant for program optimization.</p>","PeriodicalId":94264,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"62 ","pages":"127561"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144796600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of a PP2A vaccine for Angiostrongylus costaricensis against rat lungworm disease caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis in wild-caught rats (Rattus rattus) in Hawaii.","authors":"Susan I Jarvi, Antonio Osuna, William C Pitt, Margaret Farias, Laura Shiels, Kathleen Howe, Steven Jacquier, Aaron B Shiels, Robert Sugihara, Joann Phan, Mercedes Gomez Samblas, Daisy E Friedman, Michael Severino, Karis Amano, Maureen Allison, Blaine Luiz, Zachariah Holtquist","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127532","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127532","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The nematode Angiostrongylus cantonensis is a rat lungworm, a zoonotic pathogen that causes an emerging infectious disease known as neuroangiostrongyliasis or rat lungworm disease. This study evaluates the efficacy of a vaccine developed for a related species, Angiostrongylus costaricensis, to A. cantonensis in the definitive rat host. Wild-caught rats (Rattus rattus) (n = 28) were mated in captivity to produce uninfected F1 progeny. A total of 43 F1 rats were involved in this trial; 20 non-vaccinated, 21 vaccinated, and two unvaccinated, uninfected. F1 offspring in the vaccinated group were intranasally vaccinated with two doses of PP2 A vaccine, a serine/threonine phosphatase 2 A at a dose of 4 μg vaccine and 4 μg adjuvant/25 g body weight at >3 mos. of age. Unvaccinated rats similarly received 4 μg adjuvant/25 g body weight. Rats were gavaged with 50 L3 stage larvae at ~four weeks post-treatment. Necropsies were conducted at 47-50 days post-live challenge and spleen weight, spleen length, lung and heart weights, and the numbers of worms in heart and lungs were recorded. An average of 23.17 adult worms were found among all F1 rats. We found no significant differences between vaccinated and unvaccinated rats in rat body weight (p = 0.883), spleen weight (p = 0.963), spleen length (p = 0.830), lung weight (p = 0.830), heart weight (p = 0.849), and number of worms in heart and lungs (p = 0.621). A TaqMan™ Custom Array (Applied Biosystems) cytokine assay was used to evaluate gene expression of 12 different cytokines in spleen tissue from 23 rats and no significant differences in cytokine (C_T) levels were observed between vaccinated and unvaccinated rats (p values range 0.154-0.988). Thus, the A. costaricensis PP2A vaccine, under these conditions, did not provide adequate protective immunity to guard against infection by A. cantonensis in wild rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":94264,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"62 ","pages":"127532"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144801401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Progress towards a Group B streptococcal vaccine - where are we now?","authors":"N Thorn, K Karampatsas, K Le Doare, P T Heath","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127575","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127575","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The global burden of Group B streptococcal (GBS) disease remains high and an effective vaccine in pregnancy is an unmet public health need. GBS vaccines have been in development for decades, with earlier work providing evidence of immunogenicity and safety but not resulting in a licensed product. More recently, two vaccine candidates have reached advanced stages of clinical development. This article reviews the progress towards a GBS vaccine, the challenges that lie ahead and how they might be overcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":94264,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"62 ","pages":"127575"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144801402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the relative vaccine effectiveness of a fourth COVID-19 dose on hospitalization in Malaysia amidst evolving omicron variants: An emulated target trial.","authors":"Vivek Jason Jayaraj, Masliyana Husin, Peter Seah Keng Tok, Muhd Zulfadli Hafiz Ismail, Mohd Azahadi Omar, Sanjay Rampal, Sheamini Sivasampu","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127569","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127569","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The emergence of new COVID-19 variants necessitates continuous evaluation of vaccine effectiveness to guide evolving vaccine strategies. This study assessed the relative effectiveness of a fourth COVID-19 vaccine dose compared to a third dose in Malaysia during the Omicron BA.4/BA.5/XBB wave.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A target trial emulation design was employed using data from the vaccinated population. Malaysian adults aged 18 and above who had received at least three vaccine doses and had no prior documented SARS-CoV-2 infection were included. The primary outcome was COVID-19 hospitalization, with death as a secondary outcome. Propensity score matching and Cox proportional hazard models with time-varying intervention were utilized for analysis.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Among 241,434 participants, no significant reduction in COVID-19 hospitalizations or deaths was observed with the fourth dose compared to the third dose over a 360-day period. However, a significant protective effect against hospitalization was seen within 90 days post-fourth dose (HR = 0·77; 95 % CI: 0·35, 0·92; p = 0·01). Subgroup analysis revealed a non-significant trend towards reduced hospitalizations among individuals 60 and above.</p><p><strong>Interpretations: </strong>This study demonstrates the time-limited effectiveness of a fourth dose COVID-19 vaccine (second booster), predominantly the monovalent mRNA (original-strain BNT162b2) vaccine, against COVID-19 hospitalization. While short-term benefits were observed, protection diminished by 360 days. These findings are relevant for countries with diverse primary vaccination schemes and highlight the need for ongoing monitoring of vaccine effectiveness and adaptive approaches to optimise vaccination strategies.</p><p><strong>Funding: </strong>None.</p>","PeriodicalId":94264,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"62 ","pages":"127569"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144805486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Breakthrough herpes zoster risk after recombinant zoster vaccination.","authors":"Shih-Wei Lai, Kuan-Fu Liao","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127294","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127294","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94264,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":" ","pages":"127294"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144145358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to \"Hesitancy and confidence in pediatric COVID-19 vaccination among diverse caregivers of unvaccinated children\" [Vaccine 61 (2025) 127245].","authors":"Lisa M Costello, Ellen K Kerns, Russell J McCulloh, James R Roberts, Daniel B Blatt, Susanne E Tanski, Timothy Ryan Smith, Walter Dehority, Margaret P Huntwork, Zain Alamarat, Melinda D Delaney, Christine W Hockett, Ryan S McKee, Jonathan M Miller, Di Chang, Songthip Ounpraseuth, Sophia R Newcomer","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127584","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127584","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94264,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"62 ","pages":"127584"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144857319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Memory T cell reactivity to a broad range of conserved SARS-CoV-2-derived ORF1ab epitopes in first wave COVID-19 convalescents.","authors":"Fadhil Ahsan, Nanda Yuli Rahmawati, Erry Gumilar Dachlan, Fidyah Nanda Alditia, Budi Santoso","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127571","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127571","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Understanding T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 is crucial for developing effective vaccines. Memory T cells, including CD8⁺ cytotoxic and CD4⁺ helper T cells, play key roles in controlling viral infections. The open reading frame 1ab (ORF1ab) region of SARS-CoV-2, essential for viral replication, is highly conserved.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to analyze whether memory T cell responses against ORF1ab derived HLA class I peptides are present in convalescent individuals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from 53 staff members, including 20 healthy and 33 convalescent subjects, in September 2020 during the first wave of COVID-19 at the Faculty of Medicine, Airlangga University, and Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. The frequency of interferon gamma (IFNγ)-producing T cells in response to SARS-CoV-2 peptides was assessed using the ELISpot assay. Flow cytometry characterized memory T cell populations, including activation and exhaustion markers on CD8⁺ and CD4⁺ T cells.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant increases in IFNγ production were observed in four out of ten ORF1ab-derived peptides tested: WSMATYYLF (p = 0.002), YVFCTVNAL (p = 0.007), LMIERFVSL (p = 0.011), and YLITPVHVM (p = 0.019). Convalescent subjects with prior mild and moderate COVID-19 exhibited significantly higher IFNγ responses to WSMATYYLF compared to controls. Correlation analyses showed that IFNγ responses to several peptides positively correlated with both infection and post-infection intervals. Flow cytometry analysis revealed significant increases in peptide-induced IFNγ production in CD8⁺ memory T cells, including central and effector memory subsets among convalescent subjects, along with notable differences in the exhaustion marker PD-1 compared to controls.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SARS-CoV-2 ORF1ab-derived HLA class 1 peptides, particularly WSMATYYLF, YVFCTVNAL, and LMIERFVSL, induce durable memory CD8⁺ T cell responses in COVID-19 convalescents. The correlation between T cell responses and the time since infection supports the persistence of ORF1ab-specific T cell immunity. This finding may potentially contribute to non-spike-based COVID-19 vaccine strategies and T cell-based immunomonitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":94264,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"62 ","pages":"127571"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144796601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to \"Social processes, practical issues, and COVID-19 vaccination among hesitant adults\" [Vaccine 41(35) (2023) 5150-5158].","authors":"Don E Willis, Sharon Reece, Morgan Gurel-Headley, James P Selig, Ji Li, Stacy Zimmerman, Lawrence E Cornett, Pearl A McElfish","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127583","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2025.127583","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94264,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"62 ","pages":"127583"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144850252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Omicron JN.1 escape neutralization by omicron subvariants infection in elderly individuals.","authors":"Fan Liu, Yuanling Yu, Jincheng Tong, Jiajing Wu, Qiong Lu, Ruixin Liu, LinLin Cao, Xiaolu Ma, Jihong Zhu, Tianbing Wang, Shuo Liu, Ziteng Liang, Xuelian Wu, Tao Li, Chenyan Zhao, Jianhui Nie, Youchun Wang, Weijin Huang, Weibo Gao","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126658","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126658","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94264,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":" ","pages":"126658"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142901512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}