Vaccine最新文献

{"title":"Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of healthcare providers regarding vaccinating children with cancer in Latin America and the Caribbean.","authors":"Maysam R Homsi, Melissa A Davey-Rothwell, Olakunle Alonge, Miguela A Caniza, Carol Underwood","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126578","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vaccinations are a critical component of pediatric care, protecting children, including those with cancer, from infectious complications - and significantly improving patient outcomes and survival. However, the practice and perception of vaccinating children with cancer in Latin America and the Caribbean has not been well described.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional survey was conducted with a convenience sample of healthcare providers involved in caring for children with cancer in Latin America and the Caribbean to establish their knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding vaccinating this special population. The electronic, self-administered survey comprised primarily close-ended questions, such as multiple-choice, Likert scale, and true/false questions, with a few open-ended questions to enable respondents to provide information not otherwise captured.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Of 384 responses received (an 11.9 % response rate), we included 378 for analysis. These respondents represented 20 countries and were, on average, aged 44.3 years with just over 14 years of practice after completing their highest level of training. Of the 378 respondents analyzed, 321 (84.9 %) recommend vaccines to their pediatric patients with cancer, with 247 (65.3 %) referring to a vaccination guideline or clinical decision tool to help plan such vaccinations and 122 (49.6 %) referring to more than one guide.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>Our findings show general agreement with and support for vaccinating children with cancer, especially against influenza. Respondents reported high levels of knowledge, mostly positive attitudes, and support for recommending vaccines to patients. However, their vaccine recommendations were inconsistent. It is important to explore influential contextual factors at the institutional and governmental levels to identify strategies to increase vaccination coverage of children with cancer in the region.</p>","PeriodicalId":94264,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"45 ","pages":"126578"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142815443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaccine stock-outs: A preventable health facility obstacle contributing to missed vaccinations in South African children.","authors":"Natasha M Masemola, Rosemary J Burnett, Portia C Makamba-Mutevedzi, Marione Schönfeldt, Lesley J Bamford, Zeenat Ismail, Shabir A Madhi, Johanna C Meyer","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126583","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2019 the National Department of Health (NDoH) conducted a national immunisation coverage survey of caregivers of children aged 24-35 months in all 52 districts of South Africa, and reported a national fully immunised under one year-old coverage of 83.9 %, and 76.8 % coverage for all vaccines scheduled up to 18 months of age. This retrospective, descriptive study was a secondary data analysis of 3576 validated Microsoft Excel® records containing the reasons for missed vaccinations collected by field workers during the 2019 national survey. The reason \"vaccine out of stock\" had been captured by field workers from children's vaccination cards, while other reasons given by caregivers had been captured either as pre-defined codes or free text. Free text reasons were analysed and additional codes created, and all reasons were categorised. In total, 3576 caregivers gave 8116 reasons for 8056 doses that had been missed by their children. Reasons related to health facility obstacles (HFOs) (67.9 %; 2429/3576) and personal obstacles (34.6 %; 1237/3576) constituted the major categories of reasons for missed vaccinations. Of all vaccines missed because of HFO-related reasons, 57.8 % (1403/2429) were missed because of vaccine stock-outs, affecting 39.2 % (1403/3576) of children. Other important HFOs included lack of access to vaccination services (24.5 %; 595/2429); and information about missed vaccinations and the need to return for catch-up not being shared with caregivers (17.1 %; 416/2429). These results were stratified by district and shared with the NDoH, who have initiated several projects in collaboration with other stakeholders, focusing mainly on building capacity for effective vaccine management to prevent vaccine stock-outs, and ensuring that all children are able to access vaccination services. The results of this study can be used as a baseline against which the success of future interventions emanating from these projects can be measured.</p>","PeriodicalId":94264,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"45 ","pages":"126583"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142809032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Undernutrition and antibody response to measles, tetanus and Haemophilus Influenzae type b (Hib) vaccination in pre-school south African children: The VHEMBE birth cohort study.","authors":"Brenda Eskenazi, Stephen Rauch, Basant Elsiwi, Riana Bornman, Muvhulawa Obida, Angela Brewer, Brian J Ward, Jonathan Chevrier","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126564","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Under-vaccination is undoubtedly driving recent worldwide measles outbreaks, but undernutrition may also be playing a role in low- and middle-income countries. Studies have shown reduced immune response to vaccines in undernourished children but few have followed children beyond infancy, when they are more likely to be exposed to infectious diseases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In the Venda Health Examination of Mothers, Babies and the Environment (VHEMBE) South African birth cohort study, we examined the relationship between undernutrition, as measured by stunting and other growth measures, and vaccine-specific serum antibody level to three different vaccine types: measles, tetanus and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). We included 621 fully-vaccinated children with anthropometric measurements at ages 1, 2, and 3.5 years and antibody levels at 3.5 and 5 years.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At 5 years of age, 90.4% of fully-vaccinated children were protected against measles, 66.7% against tetanus, and 56.1% against Hib. Children who were stunted or had any indicator of diminished growth at 3.5 years averaged a 24.1% (95% CI = -44.2, 0.6) or a 27.2% (95% CI = -45.1, -1.3) lower antibody titer for measles, respectively, relative to those with normal growth. In addition, girls, but not boys, with any indicator of diminished growth at 3.5 years averaged a 36.8% (-59.3, -7.0) lower antibody titer for tetanus. We found no association between undernutrition and Hib antibody titers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Early life undernutrition may be associated with lower induction or persistence of antibody responses to certain vaccines. Addressing child undernutrition may improve vaccine efficacy and reduce the burden of vaccine-preventable diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":94264,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":" ","pages":"126564"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142815442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive humoral and cellular immune responses to COVID-19 vaccination in adults with cancer.","authors":"Amy Body, Luxi Lal, Sriganesh Srihari, C Raina MacIntyre, Jim Buttery, Elizabeth Stephanie Ahern, Stephen Opat, Michael Francis Leahy, Nada Hamad, Vivienne Milch, Stuart Turville, Corey Smith, Katie Lineburg, Zin Naing, William Rawlinson, Eva Segelov","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126547","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted people with cancer. Initial vaccine studies excluded patients with malignancy. Immunocompromised individuals remain vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2, necessitating detailed understanding of vaccine response. The epidemiology of COVID-19 in Australia offered unique opportunities to study cancer populations with minimal community exposure to SARS-CoV-2.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>SerOzNET prospectively examined previously unvaccinated patients with solid and haematological malignancies receiving up to five COVID-19 vaccine doses. Antibody response was measured by live virus neutralisation assay (neutralising antibody (NAb); positive titre ≥1:20; study primary endpoint) and commercial assay. T cell response was measured by cytometric bead array; positive defined as interferon gamma (IFN-γ) ≥10 pg/mL in response to Spike antigen. Patient and physician-reported adverse events were secondary endpoints.</p><p><strong>Outcomes: </strong>395 adults were enrolled prior to receiving mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2 = 347; mRNA-1273 = 1) or viral vector vaccine (ChadOx1-S = 43) for initial two-dose course, plus up to three additional doses. Median age was 58 years (range: 20-85); 60 % were female; 35 % had haematological malignancy, 2/395 (0.5 %) had baseline positive nucleocapsid antibody indicating prior SARS-CoV-2 exposure. NAb response post dose three was demonstrated in 84 % overall; 96 % of patients with solid cancers and 64 % with haematological cancer (p < 0·001). Risk factors for non-response were haematological cancer and anti B-cell therapies. Some patients with haematological cancer seroconverted for the first time after the fourth or fifth dose. IFN-γ response was seen in many patients with haematological cancer who lacked NAb response. Serious adverse events were rare. COVID-19 infection occurred in 29 % with no deaths.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>COVID-19 vaccination elicits B and T cell responses in patients with solid and haematological cancers, with an acceptable safety profile. A significant proportion of haematological cancer patients require >3 doses to elicit NAb, with many demonstrating T cell response, which may be an alternative pathway of immune protection.</p>","PeriodicalId":94264,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":" ","pages":"126547"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142796748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of HPV vaccination coverage among adolescents in Tennessee during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"J Cunningham-Erves, M Sanderson, S W Jin, J Davis, H M Brandt","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126581","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Geographical disparities exist in human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates with Southern states having the lowest rates. Parental attitudes remain understudied in different Southern locations. We assessed factors related to HPV vaccination receipt among children aged 9-17 years in Tennessee, and if those factors differed by child's age and gender. A cross-sectional survey of 506 parents was performed via random digit dial from May to August 2022. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios and 95 % confidence intervals to predict sociodemographic and overall vaccine-related factors associated with HPV vaccine receipt or non-receipt (referent) for their child, and exploratory analyses to determine if those factors differed by child's age and gender. In adjusted logistic regression models, HPV vaccine receipt was significantly positively associated with the child's age (13-17 years) and the parent and child having had the influenza vaccine this season and the COVID-19 vaccine, and negatively associated with children who were male and had a parent employed part-time/unemployed/retired/student/disabled. Significant associations for HPV vaccine receipt were with increased levels of agreement of the parent having enough information for decision-making, belief the vaccine was beneficial, and increased levels of trust and perceived effectiveness of the vaccine. Increased levels of hesitancy and increased levels of agreement that the vaccine might cause infertility issues in the child, was unsafe, and natural immunity is better than vaccine immunity had negative associations with HPV vaccine receipt. All associations were more pronounced among older than younger children, and all but one association (overall vaccine trust) was more pronounced among males compared with females. Strategies to improve HPV vaccine uptake should be targeted to and/or include males and parents with children aged 9-12 years, and include education on the importance and process of protecting the body through HPV vaccination and vaccines in general.</p>","PeriodicalId":94264,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":" ","pages":"126581"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142796749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pseudovirus nanoparticles targeting the receptor binding HA1 domains of influenza viruses elicited high HA1-specific antibody responses and protected mice against mortality caused by influenza virus challenges.","authors":"Ming Xia, Pengwei Huang, Frank S Vago, Wen Jiang, Ming Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126585","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The continually high disease burden of influenza and the relatively low effectiveness of current influenza vaccines call for enhanced vaccine strategies. We previously generated unique S-HA1 pseudovirus nanoparticles (PVNPs) displaying the receptor binding HA1 antigens of the H7N9 subtype as an influenza vaccine candidate and characterized their features in biochemistry, biophysics, structure, and immune response. In this follow up study, we created new S-HA1 PVNPs displaying the HA1 antigens of other common influenza viruses, including two H1N1 strains, one H3N2 strain, and an influenza B virus, respectively. The recombinant PVNPs react well with antibodies against hemagglutinins (HAs) or mouse sera obtained after influenza virus challenge. 3D structural models were constructed to comprehend the structural features and size variations of the S-HA1 PVNPs. The PVNPs are immunogenic, eliciting high titers of HA1-specific serum antibodies that recognized commercial HA1 proteins. Importantly, the S-HA1 PVNP representing the H1N1 PR8 strain provided mice with 100 % protection against mortality caused by challenge with the mouse-adapted influenza virus of the same PR8 strain. The S-HA1 PVNP representing the H1N1 2009 pandemic strain conferred mice with 50 % protection against mortality caused by challenge with the 1934 PR8 strain, despite the two strains circulating 75 years apart. Our data demonstrated the feasibility of generating S-HA1 PVNPs to display HA1 antigens of diverse influenza A and B viruses. The readily available S-HA1 PVNPs hold promise as influenza vaccines, presenting a novel approach to combat the deadly influenza disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":94264,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":" ","pages":"126585"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142796750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A neuraminidase-based inactivated influenza virus vaccine significantly reduced virus replication and pathology following homologous challenge in swine.","authors":"Bryan S Kaplan, Carine K Souza, J Brian Kimble, Meghan Wymore Brand, Tavis K Anderson, Phillip C Gauger, Daniel R Perez, Amy L Baker","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126574","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Influenza A viruses (IAV) of subtypes H1N1, H1N2, and H3N2 are endemic in US domestic swine populations and contribute to significant economic losses annually and pose a persistent pandemic threat. Adjuvanted, whole-inactivated virus (WIV) vaccines are the primary countermeasure to control IAV in swine. The compositions of these vaccines are matched for hemagglutinin (HA) strain and content, often ignoring the other IAV glycoprotein, the neuraminidase (NA). The IAV NA is immunogenic and antibodies targeting epitopes adjacent to the active site have been shown to inhibit the sialidase activity of NA thereby reducing virus replication and shedding. To assess the ability of neuraminidase inhibiting (NAI) antibodies induced from WIV administration to protect swine from challenge with IAV containing homologous and heterologous NA, we produced WIV composed of viruses with an irrelevant mismatched H9 HA but expressing NA proteins from two predominant clades (N2-2002A.2 and N22002B.2) currently circulating in US domestic swine populations. Pigs that received two doses of H9N2 WIV developed vaccine-specific neuraminidase inhibition antibodies and when challenged with a wild-type H3N2 virus containing homologous NA, displayed reduced virus shedding in the upper respiratory tract and decreased virus titers in the lung compared to unvaccinated controls. Pigs challenged with H3N2 containing a heterologous NA also had reduced virus titers in the nasal swab and BALF samples. Together these results show that NAI antibodies cross-protected across phylogenetic clades and reduced virus replication and shedding in swine.</p>","PeriodicalId":94264,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":" ","pages":"126574"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142793093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaccine safety surveillance in South Africa through COVID-19: A journey to systems strengthening.","authors":"Chenoa Sankar, Johanna C Meyer, Marione Schönfeldt, Hannah Gunter, Halima Dawood, Victoria Sekiti, Naseera Pickard, Lawrence Mubaiwa, Dini Mawela, Sipho Dlamini, Jonny Peter, David Spencer, Clive Gray, Vinod Patel, Lesley Bamford, Tohlang Sehloho, Kerrigan McCarthy","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126535","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126535","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Surveillance systems for monitoring and reporting adverse events following immunisation (AEFI) and adverse events of special interest (AESI) are vital in understanding safety profiles of post-marketed vaccines. Evaluation of surveillance systems is necessary for systems strengthening. We conducted the first evaluation of the South African AEFI surveillance system in its current form, established in 2018.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using CDC guidelines for evaluation of surveillance systems, we conducted a cross-sectional evaluation of system attributes, including quantitative analyses of AEFI/AESI data from 17 May 2021 to 31 December 2022 and qualitative analyses through semi-structured interviews with AEFI surveillance personnel. Findings were used to generate recommendations for system strengthening.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The system collects and manages AEFI data, employs investigative tools and has an established AEFI review committee conducting causality assessment, thus meeting WHO minimal capacity for vaccine safety. System adaptation through inclusion of digital applications facilitated public reporting, whilst increasing complexity of database management. Respondents demonstrated engagement with the system through accounts of their roles in AEFI surveillance. Between 17 May 2021 and 31 December 2022, 37,537,009 COVID-19 vaccine doses (BNT162b2 and Ad26.COV2·S) were administered, and 3846 AEFI reported in relation to these vaccines (reporting rate: 10.2/100,000 doses). AEFI reporting rates varied considerably across provinces, ranging from 1.6 to 59.5 AEFI/100,000 doses. In this time period 283 AEFI were reported in relation to non-COVID-19 vaccines. By 31 December 2022, 73.5 % of severe cases that were investigated were causality assessed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We observed a functional, useful, flexible system with high reported stakeholder and public acceptability levels. System challenges included low reporting rates from particular provinces, weak co-ordination between paper and digital reporting and human resource constraints. Recommendations include integration of paper-based and digital surveillance reporting systems to enhance signal detection and eliminate data duplication, provision of dedicated human and financial resources at provincial level and inclusion of active AEFI surveillance through cohort event monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":94264,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":" ","pages":"126535"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142793102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FTIR monitoring of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for lung cancer patients: Changes in amides vibrations correlated with biochemical assays.","authors":"Jolanta Smok-Kalwat, Stanisław Góźdź, Paweł Macek, Piotr Wasiński, Maryna Khalavka, Przemyslaw Raczkiewicz, Andrzej Stepulak, Joanna Depciuch","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126459","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126459","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lung cancer is one of the most lethal cancers. Unfortunately, respiratory tract infections are very common in lung cancer patients, delaying appropriate anticancer therapy. To increase therapy efficiency, in this study we examined the effect of 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine on the immune response in lung cancer patients, which indirectly affects the success of anticancer therapy. The study was done using biochemical tests and Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) spectroscopy. For this purpose, serum from lung cancer patients aged 52 ± 9 years (III and IV clinical stage; 79 %; n = 103) before and seven as well as 30 days after vaccination was collected. Obtained results showed increasing concentrations of immunoglobulin IgG and IgG2 groups in patients after vaccination in comparison with group before vaccination. This result was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy, where higher absorbances of amides vibrations were observed after vaccination. Interestingly, lack of differences in the amides absorbances between patients 7 and 30 days after vaccination were noticed. FTIR spectra also showed changes in the ratio between amide I and amide III as well as between amide II and amide III in the groups of patients after vaccination. From deconvolution of made I range (1600 cm^-1-1700 cm^-1) decrease of the ratio between α-helix and β-sheet around 0.05 was noticed in serum collected from patients after vaccination in comparison with patients before vaccination. Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) analysis of FTIR data it was observed that serum collected from all three analyzed groups of samples was possible to differentiate. The highest accuracy in differentiation group of samples before and 7 days after vaccination was visible in amide I, while before and 30 days after vaccination using amide II. Correlation between immunoglobulin IgG and IgG2 concentrations obtained by biochemical assays and FTIR were noticed only in the group of serum collected 30 days after vaccination, which suggested that FTIR spectroscopy reflects biochemical data.</p>","PeriodicalId":94264,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"42 26","pages":"126459"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142484738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa elongation factor-Tu (EF-Tu) is an immunogenic protective protein antigen.","authors":"Dina A Moustafa, Emma Lou, Morgan E Schafer-Kestenman, Margalida Mateu-Borrás, Antonio Doménech-Sanchez, Sebastián Albertí, Joanna B Goldberg","doi":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126476","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.vaccine.2024.126476","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative, opportunistic pathogen that infects immunocompromised individuals, especially in the hospital setting. This bacterium is an important pathogen in people with weakened immune systems, injuries, and other underlying physiologic dysfunctions. P. aeruginosa is responsible for up to 20 % of all hospital-acquired pneumonias. It is one of the major causes of nosocomial infections and has been noted to be one of the most common bacteria co-infecting patients with COVID-19 or causing super-infections following COVID-19 infections. Despite improvements in antimicrobial therapy and hospital care, P. aeruginosa bacteremia and pneumonia remain fatal in about 30 % of cases. P. aeruginosa is also the leading cause of chronic life-threatening lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients. This bacterium is naturally antibiotic resistant, and infections are notoriously difficult to treat once established, with no vaccine available. We have previously shown that elongation factor-Tu (EF-Tu), a protein best known for its role in protein synthesis, is surface exposed on P. aeruginosa. As this protein is highly expressed, evolutionally conserved, and essential, we hypothesized it would make a good vaccine target. In this study, we found that P. aeruginosa EF-Tu is immunogenic in people, and that mice can develop an immune response following immunization with recombinant P. aeruginosa EF-Tu. Furthermore, immunized mice were protected from subsequent P. aeruginosa pneumonia and transfer of this vaccine antisera to naïve mice resulted in decreased colonization. Altogether these findings support the consideration of EF-Tu as a new vaccine candidate against P. aeruginosa.</p>","PeriodicalId":94264,"journal":{"name":"Vaccine","volume":"42 26","pages":"126476"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11645190/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142549928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}