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The irrationality of human confidence that an ageless existence would be better. 人类认为不老的生活会更好的非理性自信。
Theoretical medicine and bioethics Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-18 DOI: 10.1007/s11017-024-09674-2
Susan B Levin
{"title":"The irrationality of human confidence that an ageless existence would be better.","authors":"Susan B Levin","doi":"10.1007/s11017-024-09674-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11017-024-09674-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transhumanists and their fellow travelers urge humanity to prioritize the development of biotechnologies that would eliminate aging, delivering 'an endless summer of literally perpetual youth.' Aspiring not to age instantiates what philosopher Martha Nussbaum calls the yearning for 'external transcendence,' or the fundamental surpassing of human bounds due to confidence that life without them would be better. Based on Immanuel Kant's account of the parameters of human understanding, I argue that engineering agelessness could not be a rational priority for humanity on the level of public policy. This stance is complemented by an argument focused on individual decision-making in liberal-democratic milieus, where no governing conception of the good is presumed and the first-personal level matters greatly. Here, drawing on philosopher and cognitive scientist Laurie Ann Paul's concept of 'transformative experience,' I maintain that individuals could not 'rationally,' meaning, here, 'prudentially,' say 'yes' to agelessness. Absorbing the irrationality of human zeal to eliminate aging, based on assurance that an ageless existence would be better, should spur a redoubled dedication to human flourishing.</p>","PeriodicalId":94251,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical medicine and bioethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11255003/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141422374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Autonomy-based bioethics and vulnerability during the COVID-19 pandemic: towards an African relational approach. 在 COVID-19 大流行期间，基于自主权的生命伦理学与脆弱性：走向非洲关系方法。
Theoretical medicine and bioethics Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-25 DOI: 10.1007/s11017-024-09671-5
Mbih Jerome Tosam
{"title":"Autonomy-based bioethics and vulnerability during the COVID-19 pandemic: towards an African relational approach.","authors":"Mbih Jerome Tosam","doi":"10.1007/s11017-024-09671-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11017-024-09671-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic has provoked new interest in the notion of vulnerability and in identifying alternative approaches for responding to vulnerable patients and populations during health emergencies. In this paper, I argue that the autonomy-based approach (the most dominant approach in bioethics) to responding to vulnerability during health emergencies is deficient because it focuses only on the interests, values, and decisions of the individual patient. It overly emphasizes respect for autonomy and not respect for the patient as it does not consider the patient as a social and relational agent. Indeed, relational approaches to autonomy like the feminist and indigenous sub-Saharan African ethical approaches are promising alternatives. In this essay, I use the indigenous African relational approach to autonomy as an example of an alternative method which can be used to respond to vulnerability during a global health emergency like COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":94251,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical medicine and bioethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141094833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Spiritual care in the dementia ward during a pandemic. 大流行病期间痴呆症病房的精神关怀。
Theoretical medicine and bioethics Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.1007/s11017-024-09666-2
Talitha Cooreman-Guittin
{"title":"Spiritual care in the dementia ward during a pandemic.","authors":"Talitha Cooreman-Guittin","doi":"10.1007/s11017-024-09666-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11017-024-09666-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Covid-19 pandemic and the repeated lockdowns have caused substantial spiritual and existential suffering, not the least for persons with dementia who may have had more difficulties than others in grasping the reality of what was going on. Therefore, it is important to address spirituality within this sector of the population when considering global health and ethics and technology in a pandemic outbreak. This contribution starts firstly with a definition of spirituality and spiritual care. Secondly, based on the works of Elizabeth MacKinlay and Laura Dewitte, the article demonstrates how spirituality can be nurtured in the dementia ward through \"spiritual reminiscence.\" Finally, I briefly reflect on how spiritual care in the dementia ward was affected by the Covid-19 pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":94251,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical medicine and bioethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11166807/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140961308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Catholic religious agency during the Covid-19 emergency: the issue of vaccines. Covid-19 紧急事件期间的天主教宗教机构：疫苗问题。
Theoretical medicine and bioethics Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-30 DOI: 10.1007/s11017-024-09673-3
Renzo Pegoraro
{"title":"Catholic religious agency during the Covid-19 emergency: the issue of vaccines.","authors":"Renzo Pegoraro","doi":"10.1007/s11017-024-09673-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11017-024-09673-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Catholic Church's reflection on and assessment of the Covid-19 pandemic has developed in several areas. Inspired by the tradition of its social teaching, specifically by the values of the dignity of the human person, justice, solidarity, and the common good, a strong sense of responsibility-on the part of all to prevent the spread of the pandemic and care for the affected sick-was called for. This resulted in a series of interventions and documents on the various medical and spiritual issues involved, particularly concerning the vaccines again Covid-19. In this short article, I draw out these insights from the official and universal reference point of the Catholic Church (i.e., Vatican sources in their various expressions and expertise). Interventions from other religions have also played a significant role during the Covid-19 pandemic as exemplified by the close relationship between certain religious actors and the World Health Organization. However, these alternative viewpoints, while important in and of themselves, do not find a suitable place within this work, which focuses on the Catholic Church's perspective.</p>","PeriodicalId":94251,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical medicine and bioethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141176945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Global health, planetary health, One Health: conceptual and ethical challenges and concerns. 全球健康、地球健康、"一个健康"：概念和伦理方面的挑战与关切。
Theoretical medicine and bioethics Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-25 DOI: 10.1007/s11017-024-09670-6
Eduardo Missoni
{"title":"Global health, planetary health, One Health: conceptual and ethical challenges and concerns.","authors":"Eduardo Missoni","doi":"10.1007/s11017-024-09670-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11017-024-09670-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Covid-19 pandemic has dramatically shown the level of interconnectedness of the human population, the direct relation between human health and the ecosystem, as well as the enormous ethical challenges required for a global response. Relatedly, society has been directly confronted by issues of 'Global health,' both in terms of awareness of health conditions and health systems resiliency all around the world, as well as in terms of governance of the worldwide response and its implications at national and local levels. While Global health is often used as a cosmetic label for neocolonial approaches, it is really an interdisciplinary approach consisting of the interaction between globalization and the determinants of health. Thus, it involves the ecosystem and its transformation and implies a systemic 'One Health' decolonized approach in the definition of its strategies. The Covid-19 pandemic has highlighted the inequities and the limits of the current hegemonic Global health system governance; calling for ethics to provide a renewed, comprehensive, inclusive, and decolonized conceptualization of Global health.</p>","PeriodicalId":94251,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical medicine and bioethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11166850/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141094840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Tacit social experimentation with digital technologies during the Covid-19 crisis. 科维德-19 危机期间数字技术的默契社会实验。
Theoretical medicine and bioethics Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-25 DOI: 10.1007/s11017-024-09669-z
Alain Loute
{"title":"Tacit social experimentation with digital technologies during the Covid-19 crisis.","authors":"Alain Loute","doi":"10.1007/s11017-024-09669-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11017-024-09669-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the management of the Covid 19 crisis, digital technologies were used in a major way. This article defends the hypothesis that these technologies took the form of a \"tacit social experimentation\". This article justifies this concept in three levels. The first part uses this concept to qualify the form of biopolitics that was implemented to manage the crisis. Digital technologies were used to discipline the population and, literally speaking, as instruments of knowledge of the population. Uncertainty forced experts to make preliminary observations and act to produce knowledge. Second, this article shows that the use of digital technologies during the crisis was experimental in a second sense. By promoting telemedicine within a more flexible legal framework, the authorities authorised an experimental use of telemedicine without knowledge or control of its side effects. Finally, the article defends the use of the concept of \"tacit social experimentation\" for ethical and political purposes. For indeed, understanding the experiments carried out during the crisis begs the question of the involvement of the participants and their democratic steering.</p>","PeriodicalId":94251,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical medicine and bioethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141094841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ethical prioritization of critical care resources during COVID-19: perspectives from Italy and the United States. COVID-19 期间重症监护资源的伦理优先次序：来自意大利和美国的观点。
Theoretical medicine and bioethics Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-28 DOI: 10.1007/s11017-024-09672-4
Lucia Galvagni, Joseph A Raho
{"title":"Ethical prioritization of critical care resources during COVID-19: perspectives from Italy and the United States.","authors":"Lucia Galvagni, Joseph A Raho","doi":"10.1007/s11017-024-09672-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11017-024-09672-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article examines some of the ethical challenges of prioritizing intensive care resources during the Covid-19 pandemic by comparing the Italian and United States contexts. After presenting an overview to the clinical, ethical, and public debates in Italy, the article will discuss the development of triage allocation protocols in United States hospitals. Resource allocation criteria underwent increased scrutiny and critique in both countries, which resulted in modified professional and expert guidance regarding healthcare ethics during times of emergency and resource scarcity.</p>","PeriodicalId":94251,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical medicine and bioethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141162663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Facing a pandemic outbreak: issues of global health, ethics, and technology. 面对大流行病的爆发：全球卫生、伦理和技术问题。
Theoretical medicine and bioethics Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-25 DOI: 10.1007/s11017-024-09668-0
Lucia Galvagni, Michele Nicoletti
{"title":"Facing a pandemic outbreak: issues of global health, ethics, and technology.","authors":"Lucia Galvagni, Michele Nicoletti","doi":"10.1007/s11017-024-09668-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11017-024-09668-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94251,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical medicine and bioethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141094830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Toward a digitalized medicine: the Covid-19 pandemic as a disclosure of the importance of digital communication in the clinical world. 迈向数字化医学：Covid-19 大流行揭示了数字通信在临床领域的重要性。
Theoretical medicine and bioethics Pub Date : 2024-05-18 DOI: 10.1007/s11017-024-09667-1
Monica Consolandi
{"title":"Toward a digitalized medicine: the Covid-19 pandemic as a disclosure of the importance of digital communication in the clinical world.","authors":"Monica Consolandi","doi":"10.1007/s11017-024-09667-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11017-024-09667-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94251,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical medicine and bioethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140962079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Toward a digitalized medicine: the Covid-19 pandemic as a disclosure of the importance of digital communication in the clinical world. 迈向数字化医学：Covid-19 大流行揭示了数字通信在临床领域的重要性。
Theoretical medicine and bioethics Pub Date : 2024-05-18 DOI: 10.1007/s11017-024-09667-1
Monica Consolandi
{"title":"Toward a digitalized medicine: the Covid-19 pandemic as a disclosure of the importance of digital communication in the clinical world.","authors":"Monica Consolandi","doi":"10.1007/s11017-024-09667-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11017-024-09667-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper focuses on the importance of digital communication between medical teams and patients and their families when mediated by technological tools. Medicine is changing following the fourth industrial (the digital) revolution: from CAT scans, to X-rays, to UV radiation, to electronic records, to treatment tracking apps, to telemedicine, and the use of AI in doctors' decision-making processes. The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted both the fruitful and problematic sides of this medical evolution. Digital tools such as tablets, smartphones, and video calling apps proved to be essential. Accordingly, I analyze three cases that reveal the helpfulness and the limitations of new communication technologies: on physicians and non-hospitalized patients, on families and patients, and on healthcare professionals and patients' families. Since the medical relationship is not only clinical but also relational and human, one must pay attention to the communicative dimensions of it to remain at least partly human-e.</p>","PeriodicalId":94251,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical medicine and bioethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140961313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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