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Antinatalism and the vegan's dilemma. 反生育主义与素食者的困境。
Theoretical medicine and bioethics Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.1007/s11017-024-09683-1
James Schultz
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引用次数: 0
Should vegans have children? A response to Räsänen. 素食主义者应该生孩子吗？对莱萨宁的回应。
Theoretical medicine and bioethics Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-14 DOI: 10.1007/s11017-024-09664-4
Louis Austin-Eames
{"title":"Should vegans have children? A response to Räsänen.","authors":"Louis Austin-Eames","doi":"10.1007/s11017-024-09664-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11017-024-09664-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Joona Räsänen argues that vegans ought to be anti-natalists and therefore abstain from having children. More precisely, Räsänen claims that vegans who accept a utilitarian or rights-based argument for veganism, ought to, by parity of reasoning, accept an analogous argument for anti-natalism. In this paper, I argue that the reasons vegans have for refraining from purchasing animal products do not commit them to abstaining from having children. I provide novel arguments to the following conclusion: while there is good reason to believe that factory farming results in a net disutility and involves treating non-human animals as mere means, there is not good reason to believe that having children results in a net disutility or involves treating the children as mere means. Subsequently, I respond to what I take to be Räsänen's underlying reasoning-that vegans are committed to abstaining from other practices which cause unnecessary suffering. I respond by arguing that this is plausibly false as various practices which cause unnecessary suffering are likely permissible, whereas factory farming is not.</p>","PeriodicalId":94251,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical medicine and bioethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11255060/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140917522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The conceptual injustice of the brain death standard. 脑死亡标准在概念上的不公正。
Theoretical medicine and bioethics Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-07 DOI: 10.1007/s11017-024-09663-5
William Choi
{"title":"The conceptual injustice of the brain death standard.","authors":"William Choi","doi":"10.1007/s11017-024-09663-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11017-024-09663-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Family disputes over the diagnosis of brain death have caused much controversy in the bioethics literature over the conceptual validity of the brain death standard. Given the tenuous status of brain death as death, it is pragmatically fruitful to reframe intractable debates about the metaphysical nature of brain death as metalinguistic disputes about its conceptual deployment. This new framework leaves the metaphysical debate open and brings into focus the social functions that are served by deploying the concept of brain death. In doing so, it highlights the epistemic injustice of medicolegal authorities that force people to uniformly accept brain death as a diagnosis of death based on normative considerations of institutional interests, such as saving hospital resources and organ supplies, rather than empirical evidence of brain death as death, which is insufficient at best and nonexistent at worst. In light of this injustice, I propose the rejection of the uniform standard of brain death in favor of a choice-based system that respects families' individualized views of death.</p>","PeriodicalId":94251,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical medicine and bioethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140878283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Reconsidering the utilitarian link between veganism and antinatalism. 重新考虑素食主义与反生育主义之间的功利联系。
Theoretical medicine and bioethics Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-29 DOI: 10.1007/s11017-024-09675-1
Joona Räsänen
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引用次数: 0
Using curiosity to render the invisible, visible. 用好奇心让无形变得有形。
Theoretical medicine and bioethics Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-20 DOI: 10.1007/s11017-024-09665-3
Katherine Cheung
{"title":"Using curiosity to render the invisible, visible.","authors":"Katherine Cheung","doi":"10.1007/s11017-024-09665-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11017-024-09665-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Virtues commonly associated with physicians and other healthcare professionals include empathy, respect, kindness, compassion, trustworthiness, and many more. Building upon the work of Bortolloti, Murphy-Hollies, and others, I suggest that curiosity as a virtue has an integral role to play in healthcare, namely, in helping to make those who are invisible, visible. Practicing the virtue of curiosity enables one to engage with and explore the experiences of patients and contributes toward building a physician-patient relationship of trust. As the perspectives and experiences of patients can be too often dismissed or lost within medical settings, curiosity can allow physicians to deeply know their patients, and thus provide better care. However, caution must be exercised so as to not to venture into inappropriate curiosity, where questions are asked for improper reasons or to help satisfy the personal interest of physicians. Finally, I sketch out two cases-on chronic pain and on vaccine hesitancy-to illustrate where curiosity can play a valuable role.</p>","PeriodicalId":94251,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical medicine and bioethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141066349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The irrationality of human confidence that an ageless existence would be better. 人类认为不老的生活会更好的非理性自信。
Theoretical medicine and bioethics Pub Date : 2024-08-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-18 DOI: 10.1007/s11017-024-09674-2
Susan B Levin
{"title":"The irrationality of human confidence that an ageless existence would be better.","authors":"Susan B Levin","doi":"10.1007/s11017-024-09674-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11017-024-09674-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Transhumanists and their fellow travelers urge humanity to prioritize the development of biotechnologies that would eliminate aging, delivering 'an endless summer of literally perpetual youth.' Aspiring not to age instantiates what philosopher Martha Nussbaum calls the yearning for 'external transcendence,' or the fundamental surpassing of human bounds due to confidence that life without them would be better. Based on Immanuel Kant's account of the parameters of human understanding, I argue that engineering agelessness could not be a rational priority for humanity on the level of public policy. This stance is complemented by an argument focused on individual decision-making in liberal-democratic milieus, where no governing conception of the good is presumed and the first-personal level matters greatly. Here, drawing on philosopher and cognitive scientist Laurie Ann Paul's concept of 'transformative experience,' I maintain that individuals could not 'rationally,' meaning, here, 'prudentially,' say 'yes' to agelessness. Absorbing the irrationality of human zeal to eliminate aging, based on assurance that an ageless existence would be better, should spur a redoubled dedication to human flourishing.</p>","PeriodicalId":94251,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical medicine and bioethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11255003/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141422374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Autonomy-based bioethics and vulnerability during the COVID-19 pandemic: towards an African relational approach. 在 COVID-19 大流行期间，基于自主权的生命伦理学与脆弱性：走向非洲关系方法。
Theoretical medicine and bioethics Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-25 DOI: 10.1007/s11017-024-09671-5
Mbih Jerome Tosam
{"title":"Autonomy-based bioethics and vulnerability during the COVID-19 pandemic: towards an African relational approach.","authors":"Mbih Jerome Tosam","doi":"10.1007/s11017-024-09671-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11017-024-09671-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic has provoked new interest in the notion of vulnerability and in identifying alternative approaches for responding to vulnerable patients and populations during health emergencies. In this paper, I argue that the autonomy-based approach (the most dominant approach in bioethics) to responding to vulnerability during health emergencies is deficient because it focuses only on the interests, values, and decisions of the individual patient. It overly emphasizes respect for autonomy and not respect for the patient as it does not consider the patient as a social and relational agent. Indeed, relational approaches to autonomy like the feminist and indigenous sub-Saharan African ethical approaches are promising alternatives. In this essay, I use the indigenous African relational approach to autonomy as an example of an alternative method which can be used to respond to vulnerability during a global health emergency like COVID-19.</p>","PeriodicalId":94251,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical medicine and bioethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141094833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Spiritual care in the dementia ward during a pandemic. 大流行病期间痴呆症病房的精神关怀。
Theoretical medicine and bioethics Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.1007/s11017-024-09666-2
Talitha Cooreman-Guittin
{"title":"Spiritual care in the dementia ward during a pandemic.","authors":"Talitha Cooreman-Guittin","doi":"10.1007/s11017-024-09666-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11017-024-09666-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Covid-19 pandemic and the repeated lockdowns have caused substantial spiritual and existential suffering, not the least for persons with dementia who may have had more difficulties than others in grasping the reality of what was going on. Therefore, it is important to address spirituality within this sector of the population when considering global health and ethics and technology in a pandemic outbreak. This contribution starts firstly with a definition of spirituality and spiritual care. Secondly, based on the works of Elizabeth MacKinlay and Laura Dewitte, the article demonstrates how spirituality can be nurtured in the dementia ward through \"spiritual reminiscence.\" Finally, I briefly reflect on how spiritual care in the dementia ward was affected by the Covid-19 pandemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":94251,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical medicine and bioethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11166807/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140961308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Catholic religious agency during the Covid-19 emergency: the issue of vaccines. Covid-19 紧急事件期间的天主教宗教机构：疫苗问题。
Theoretical medicine and bioethics Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-30 DOI: 10.1007/s11017-024-09673-3
Renzo Pegoraro
{"title":"Catholic religious agency during the Covid-19 emergency: the issue of vaccines.","authors":"Renzo Pegoraro","doi":"10.1007/s11017-024-09673-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11017-024-09673-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Catholic Church's reflection on and assessment of the Covid-19 pandemic has developed in several areas. Inspired by the tradition of its social teaching, specifically by the values of the dignity of the human person, justice, solidarity, and the common good, a strong sense of responsibility-on the part of all to prevent the spread of the pandemic and care for the affected sick-was called for. This resulted in a series of interventions and documents on the various medical and spiritual issues involved, particularly concerning the vaccines again Covid-19. In this short article, I draw out these insights from the official and universal reference point of the Catholic Church (i.e., Vatican sources in their various expressions and expertise). Interventions from other religions have also played a significant role during the Covid-19 pandemic as exemplified by the close relationship between certain religious actors and the World Health Organization. However, these alternative viewpoints, while important in and of themselves, do not find a suitable place within this work, which focuses on the Catholic Church's perspective.</p>","PeriodicalId":94251,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical medicine and bioethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141176945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Global health, planetary health, One Health: conceptual and ethical challenges and concerns. 全球健康、地球健康、"一个健康"：概念和伦理方面的挑战与关切。
Theoretical medicine and bioethics Pub Date : 2024-06-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-25 DOI: 10.1007/s11017-024-09670-6
Eduardo Missoni
{"title":"Global health, planetary health, One Health: conceptual and ethical challenges and concerns.","authors":"Eduardo Missoni","doi":"10.1007/s11017-024-09670-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11017-024-09670-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Covid-19 pandemic has dramatically shown the level of interconnectedness of the human population, the direct relation between human health and the ecosystem, as well as the enormous ethical challenges required for a global response. Relatedly, society has been directly confronted by issues of 'Global health,' both in terms of awareness of health conditions and health systems resiliency all around the world, as well as in terms of governance of the worldwide response and its implications at national and local levels. While Global health is often used as a cosmetic label for neocolonial approaches, it is really an interdisciplinary approach consisting of the interaction between globalization and the determinants of health. Thus, it involves the ecosystem and its transformation and implies a systemic 'One Health' decolonized approach in the definition of its strategies. The Covid-19 pandemic has highlighted the inequities and the limits of the current hegemonic Global health system governance; calling for ethics to provide a renewed, comprehensive, inclusive, and decolonized conceptualization of Global health.</p>","PeriodicalId":94251,"journal":{"name":"Theoretical medicine and bioethics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11166850/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141094840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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