The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences最新文献

{"title":"Oxidative stress biomarkers as predictors of aging and age-related diseases.","authors":"Yogesh Kumar, Anuja Pant, Somu Yadav, Pawan Kumar Maurya","doi":"10.1093/gerona/glag056","DOIUrl":"10.1093/gerona/glag056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oxidative stress (OS) is a major feature of aging and is first brought on when the generation of Reactive oxygen species (ROS) surpasses the capacity of antioxidant defenses to neutralize them. Long-term exposure to ROS gradually damages vital biomolecules, resulting in the development of measurable biomarkers that indicate the degree of OS. Some forms of protein oxidation that impair enzymatic activity and interfere with cellular signaling are carbonyl compounds and advanced oxidation protein products. DNA is susceptible to OS, which can cause lesions like 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine, which indicates genomic instability and leads to cellular senescence and reduced function. Increased levels of lipid peroxidation byproducts, such as Malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxynonenal, and isoprostanes, indicate disturbed cellular balance and compromised membrane integrity. Additional information about the redox state can be found in antioxidant defenses. While important enzymatic antioxidants like glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase frequently show altered activity as one ages, indicating a reduced ability to counteract ROS, non-enzymatic antioxidants like glutathione, vitamins C and E, uric acid, bilirubin, and beta carotene provide extra defense but diminish with age. Combined, these biomarkers show how oxidative damage accumulates gradually and how the body's cellular defenses progressively deteriorate. By mapping their trajectories, we can better understand the biology of aging and develop targeted interventions and early detection tools to promote healthy aging. In this review, we summarized various OS biomarkers that help in the prediction of aging and age-related diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":94243,"journal":{"name":"The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147278166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Particulate air pollution and post-discharge recovery among older adults hospitalized for heart failure in the United States.","authors":"Tong Wen, Jingwen Hu, Michelle Shardell, Rozalina McCoy, Shuo Chen, Kathleen Ryan, Jason Falvey, Chixiang Chen","doi":"10.1093/gerona/glag028","DOIUrl":"10.1093/gerona/glag028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The impact of exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on post-discharge recovery in older adults already hospitalized for heart failure remains unclear. We evaluated associations between exposure to PM2.5 and days spent at home (DAH) as well as mortality in a nationwide representative sample of U.S. adults aged 65 years and older.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from 66 854 Medicare Fee-for-service beneficiaries with heart failure hospitalization (2017-2019) were linked with validated, model-derived mean PM2.5 concentrations at Zip Code Tabulation Areas level during the month of hospital admission. Post-discharge 180-day DAH was defined as days alive minus days spent in inpatient hospitals, hospital observation units, nursing facilities, or emergency departments. All-cause mortality was assessed as time from hospital discharge to death within 180 days. Quantile regression and Cox proportional regression models, adjusted for covariates, were used to quantify associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Exposure to the highest quartile PM2.5 level (>8.61 µg/m3) was associated with 5.05 fewer DAH (95% CI: -8.61, -1.48; p = .006) after discharge at the 20th percentile of DAH, compared with those exposed to the lowest PM2.5 quartile (≤5.90 µg/m3). Exposure to the highest quartile PM2.5 levels was also associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality within 180 days after hospitalization as compared to the lowest PM2.5 quartile (hazard ratio = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.004-1.10, p = .033).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Particulate air pollution may negatively impact recovery more strongly at the lower tail of recovery than at the median or higher tail, highlighting the need for targeted intervention strategies to protect the most vulnerable patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":94243,"journal":{"name":"The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13016969/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146127690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social and clinical frailty indices in aging mice: a comparative analysis of longitudinal and cross-sectional designs.","authors":"Maria Razzoli, Charles W Collinge, Monica Luciana, Alessandro Bartolomucci","doi":"10.1093/gerona/glag045","DOIUrl":"10.1093/gerona/glag045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aging is a heterogeneous phenomenon provoked by biological processes that still need to be fully understood. Frailty is a relevant outcome of aging reflecting biological decline that can be quantified through indices measuring the accumulation of functional deficits. Age-related declines may occur across multiple domains of functioning, and longitudinal study designs may better characterize decline within aging individuals. Thus, it is imperative to characterize how frailty indices that capture different functional domains associate with one another over the natural lifespan and across study designs. Here, the clinical frailty index (CFI) and the mouse social frailty index (mSFI) were applied to male and female mice both longitudinally and cross-sectionally over the lifespan. An overall similar association with aging was apparent: within each cohort, both CFI and mSFI were strongly positively associated with age. The utility of the CFI and mSFI as age predictors within the longitudinal study was confirmed. Critically, a model developed within the longitudinal study based on CFI scores, mSFI scores, and sex was able to predict age better than alternative models using only one of the indices. This result suggests that the CFI and the mSFI capture intrinsically different elements of deficit accumulation with age. The same model also showed a good performance in predicting the age of mice in the cross-sectional study. Overall, these results demonstrate that the information captured by both frailty indices is relevant to aging, relationships between indices vary across study design, and both frailty domains are needed to produce better age predictions.</p>","PeriodicalId":94243,"journal":{"name":"The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146204351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The relative effects of different exercise modes on physical and metabolic health in older adults: a network meta-analysis.","authors":"Jiuchen Yuan, Fanghui Li, Shusheng Shi, Zhijian Wu","doi":"10.1093/gerona/glag030","DOIUrl":"10.1093/gerona/glag030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Multiple exercise modalities are recommended for older adults, yet their comparative effectiveness remains uncertain. We conducted a Bayesian network meta-analysis of randomized trials to compare common exercise modes on cardiorespiratory fitness and metabolic health in adults aged ≥55 years. Trials randomized participants to high-intensity interval training (HIIT), aerobic training (AT), resistance training (RT), combined aerobic-resistance training (CART), or non-exercise control. The primary outcome was maximal/peak oxygen uptake (VO2max/VO2peak). Secondary outcomes included BMI, body fat percentage, fat-free mass, systolic/diastolic blood pressure, and blood lipids. We fitted random-effects Bayesian network meta-analysis models and summarized ranking probabilities using the surface under the cumulative ranking curve. No exercise modality showed a clear advantage for VO2max/VO2peak; credible intervals were wide for most between-modality comparisons. Versus control, RT increased fat-free mass, CART reduced body fat percentage and systolic blood pressure, and HIIT reduced BMI and triglycerides. For total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C, and diastolic blood pressure, credible intervals generally included the null. Heterogeneity was moderate, and formal inconsistency assessment was limited by sparse networks. Current evidence does not identify a single \"best\" exercise modality for improving VO2max/VO2peak in older adults. Modality selection may be better guided by the primary goal (eg, RT for lean mass, CART for adiposity and systolic blood pressure, HIIT for BMI and triglycerides), while considering feasibility and safety. Larger, well-reported head-to-head trials are needed to strengthen comparative estimates.</p>","PeriodicalId":94243,"journal":{"name":"The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146168571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are aging clocks based on routine clinical indicators trustworthy and applicable? A systematic review and critical appraisal.","authors":"Jiajia Zhang, Jie Hu, Yinyan Gao, Zhilin Pang, Long Mo, Irene X Y Wu","doi":"10.1093/gerona/glag032","DOIUrl":"10.1093/gerona/glag032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aging clocks based on routine clinical indicators have emerged as a cost-effective tool for assessing biological age. This systematic review aims to summarize the characteristics and critically appraise these available aging clocks. Studies that developed aging clocks for adults (≥18 years) based on routine clinical indicators were retrieved from six databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang Data, and Sinomed) up to June 18, 2024. The PROBAST + AI tool was used to assess the methodological quality, risk of bias, and applicability of included aging clocks. All the results were narratively summarized. Fifty-nine studies involving 81 aging clocks were included, of which 71 (87.7%) were developed using single-country datasets predominantly from China, the United States, Korea, and the United Kingdom. Notably, 31 aging clocks (38.3%) were developed with neither internal nor external validation. The majority of aging clocks were rated as having high concern regarding quality and high risk of bias, even including those published in high-impact journals. Only three aging clocks (3.7%) from two studies were rated as having low concern regarding quality and applicability during development, and two of these (4.0%) from one study further demonstrated low risk of bias and low concern for applicability during model evaluation. Future research should prioritize validating the promising aging clocks in target populations rather than developing new ones, adhere to the PROBAST + AI and TRIPOD + AI guidelines for methodological rigor and transparent reporting, and provide reproducible and user-friendly model codes and tools.</p>","PeriodicalId":94243,"journal":{"name":"The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146168573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benchmarking weighted estimates of social determinants of Health in the National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS).","authors":"Thomas M Gill, Linda Leo-Summers, Jingchen Liang, Robert D Becher, Amy J H Kind, Emma X Zang","doi":"10.1093/gerona/glag037","DOIUrl":"10.1093/gerona/glag037","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94243,"journal":{"name":"The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12928736/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146204493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting socioeconomic disadvantage estimates in the national health and aging trends study.","authors":"Vicki A Freedman, Jennifer A Schrack","doi":"10.1093/gerona/glag041","DOIUrl":"10.1093/gerona/glag041","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94243,"journal":{"name":"The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13019304/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146204328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations and interaction effects of socioeconomic, lifestyle, and genetic factors on intrinsic capacity.","authors":"Melkamu Bedimo Beyene, Renuka Visvanathan, Robel Alemu, Olga Theou, Beben Benyamin, Matteo Cesari, John Beard, Azmeraw T Amare","doi":"10.1093/gerona/glag057","DOIUrl":"10.1093/gerona/glag057","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Intrinsic capacity (IC), which reflects the combined physical and mental reserve of an individual, is a key indicator of healthy aging. While genetic and environmental factors influence IC, the interaction effects between them remain poorly understood. This study investigated the independent and interaction effects of polygenic scores for IC (PGS-IC), socioeconomic status, and lifestyle factors on IC. Baseline data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA; N = 13 112) were analyzed. Associations with IC (outcome) and interaction effects of PGS-IC and socioeconomic factors or lifestyle measures - including composite physical activity and diet scores - were examined using linear regression models. All models were adjusted for age and sex and, additionally, for 5 genetic principal components in models involving PGS-IC. Higher IC was associated with higher education, income, physical activity, and healthier diet patterns. Lower IC was observed among previous and current smokers and those with short (<7 h) or long (>9 h) sleep durations. PGS-IC was positively associated with the IC score. Significant gene-environment interactions were identified between PGS-IC and Mediterranean diet (β = -.003, 95% CI, -0.006, -0.0002), education in younger adults (β = -.109, 95% CI, -0.211, -0.007), and sleep duration (younger adults: long sleep, β = .198, 95% CI, 0.023-0.373; older adults: short sleep, β = -.095, 95% CI, -0.153, -0.036). This study provides preliminary evidence of gene-environment interactions influencing IC, with implications for future research to determine how genetic and modifiable factors can inform strategies for maintaining IC and promoting healthy aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":94243,"journal":{"name":"The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13035082/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147278164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response to: time to mobilization in hours after surgery for hip fracture and 30-day mortality-a study on 36 229 patients from the Danish hip fracture registry.","authors":"Petrina Lander, Michael B Fertleman, Benjamin H L Harris, Louis J Koizia","doi":"10.1093/gerona/glag024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glag024","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94243,"journal":{"name":"The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences","volume":"81 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147464617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moving geroscience forward in China: proceedings of the first international exchange forum of the Chinese Geriatrics Society.","authors":"Le Zhang, Tianyi Ji, Jianghan Bi, Aijun Long, Yu-Feng Long, Li Zhang, Ning Chen, Yan Ma, Chen Chen, Siyuan Wang, Huizeng Jiang, Yuting Chen, Guoyu Zhou, Feng Cao, Yaomin Hu, Lina Ma, Wing-Hoi Cheung, Lin Kang, Gustavo Duque, Cuntai Zhang","doi":"10.1093/gerona/glag042","DOIUrl":"10.1093/gerona/glag042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Held on August 17, 2025 in Guangzhou, the inaugural International Exchange Forum of the Chinese Geriatrics Society marked a significant milestone in advancing geroscience and fostering global collaboration in China. The forum brought together leading international experts and emerging Chinese researchers to present the latest advances in aging research. Presentations covered various topics, such as musculoskeletal aging (mitochondrial dysfunction, muscle-bone communication, and exosome-mediated mechanisms in sarcopenia and osteoporosis), cardiovascular aging (tyrosine kinase inhibitor- and anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity), metabolic regulation (sarcopenic obesity and the gut-muscle axis), neurodegenerative interfaces (androgen-mediated monocyte-microglia interactions in Alzheimer's disease), and geriatric assessment (muscle-specific strength, intrinsic capacity, and gait biomarkers). There was a particular focus on novel mechanistic insights, such as RNA epitranscriptomics, mitochondrial homeostasis, and inter-organ communication, as well as on strategies for early risk prediction, intervention, and personalized management. The forum also emphasized the importance of addressing sex-specific differences and translating basic discoveries into clinical applications. As a platform designed to promote academic dialogue and collaboration, the forum successfully brought together the Chinese and global geroscience communities. It emphasized the necessity of multidisciplinary and international efforts to address the challenges posed by population aging. Moving forward, sustained partnerships, data sharing, and capacity-building initiatives will be essential to accelerating the development of evidence-based, scalable solutions for healthy aging in China and beyond. This event sets a precedent for future exchanges that integrate scientific innovation with clinical practice to improve the health and quality of life of aging populations worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":94243,"journal":{"name":"The journals of gerontology. Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146204211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}