The International journal of developmental biology最新文献

{"title":"The chick model system: a distinguished past and a great future.","authors":"Claudio Stern","doi":"10.1387/ijdb.170270cs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1387/ijdb.170270cs","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When I was asked by the Chief Editor of the Int. J. Dev. Biol. to consider editing a Special Issue about \"the chick\", I was first hesitant, because I had already edited such an issue for another journal in 2004 (Mech. Dev. volume 121), when the sequence of the chick genome was first released (Stern, 2004, 2005). But at the same time I was surprised that this journal, well known for its Special Issues of which many have become important historical and literary land-marks to the developmental biology literature, had not yet produced a volume on what is probably the oldest developmental model system. Despite this, it is often forgotten that much of what we know (or think we know) about human developmental events is due to extrapolation from chick embryological studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":94228,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of developmental biology","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1387/ijdb.170270cs","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35975417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cell biological mechanisms regulating chick neurogenesis.","authors":"Ioannis Kasioulis,&nbsp;Kate G Storey","doi":"10.1387/ijdb.170268ks","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1387/ijdb.170268ks","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Signalling pathways that regulate neural progenitor proliferation and neuronal differentiation have been identified. However, we know much less about how transduction of such signals is regulated within neuroepithelial cells to direct cell fate choice during mitosis and subsequent neuronal differentiation. Here we review recent advances in the experimentally amenable chick embryo, which reveal that this involves association of signalling pathway components with cell biological entities, including mitotic centrosomes and ciliary structures. This includes changing centrosomal localization of protein kinase A, which regulates Sonic hedgehog signalling and so neural progenitor status, and Mindbomb1, a mediator of Notch ligand activation, which promotes Notch signalling in neighbouring cells, and so is active in presumptive neurons. We further review cell biological events that underlie the later step of neuronal delamination, during which a newborn neuron detaches from its neighbouring cells and undergoes a process known as apical abscission. This involves inter-dependent actin and microtubule dynamics and includes dissociation of the centrosome from the ciliary membrane, which potentially alters the signalling repertoire of this now post-mitotic cell. Open questions and future directions are discussed along with technological advances which improve accuracy of gene manipulation, monitoring of protein dynamics and quantification of cell biological processes in living tissues.</p>","PeriodicalId":94228,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of developmental biology","volume":" ","pages":"167-175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1387/ijdb.170268ks","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35975866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Staging tables for avian embryos: a little history.","authors":"Claudio D Stern","doi":"10.1387/ijdb.170299cs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1387/ijdb.170299cs","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Absolute time elapsed since fertilization, or hours' incubation, is not a good measure of the precise degree of development of an embryo because there is considerable variation. The chick embryo benefits from a detailed, well defined staging system introduced by Hamburger and Hamilton in 1951, perhaps the most precise and detailed available for any species. This paper briefly reviews the background and legacy of this table, including the remarkable work of its predecessors, Mathias Duval and Franz Keibel. It also begs the question of why the mouse embryo still lacks a similarly precise classification.</p>","PeriodicalId":94228,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of developmental biology","volume":" ","pages":"43-48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1387/ijdb.170299cs","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35975761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contributions of the chick embryo and experimental embryology to understanding the cellular mechanisms of neurulation.","authors":"Gary C Schoenwolf","doi":"10.1387/ijdb.170288gs","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1387/ijdb.170288gs","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The chick embryo has served as a workhorse for experimental embryological studies designed to elucidate mechanisms underlying neurulation, the process that forms the neural tube, the rudiment of the entire adult central nervous system. Early chick embryos developing in whole-embryo culture can be readily manipulated in cut-and-paste-type experiments, and this attribute makes this model system unparalleled for studying the morphogenesis of embryos and their organ rudiments. How the chick embryo and experimental embryology have contributed to our understanding of critical events of neurulation are summarized.</p>","PeriodicalId":94228,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of developmental biology","volume":" ","pages":"49-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1387/ijdb.170288gs","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35975762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sonic hedgehog in vertebrate neural tube development.","authors":"Marysia Placzek,&nbsp;James Briscoe","doi":"10.1387/ijdb.170293jb","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1387/ijdb.170293jb","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The formation and wiring of the vertebrate nervous system involves the spatially and temporally ordered production of diverse neuronal and glial subtypes that are molecularly and functionally distinct. The chick embryo has been the experimental model of choice for many of the studies that have led to our current understanding of this process, and has presaged and informed a wide range of complementary genetic studies, in particular in the mouse. The versatility and tractability of chick embryos means that it remains an important model system for many investigators in the field. Here we will focus on the role of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling in coordinating the diversification, patterning, growth and differentiation of the vertebrate nervous system. We highlight how studies in chick led to the identification of the role Shh plays in the developing neural tube and how subsequent work, including studies in the chick and the mouse revealed details of the cell intrinsic programs controlling cell fate determination. We compare these mechanisms at different rostral-caudal positions along the neuraxis and discuss the particular experimental attributes of the chick that facilitated this work.</p>","PeriodicalId":94228,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of developmental biology","volume":" ","pages":"225-234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1387/ijdb.170293jb","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35975872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The early development of germ cells in chicken.","authors":"Young Min Kim,&nbsp;Jae Yong Han","doi":"10.1387/ijdb.170283jh","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1387/ijdb.170283jh","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are the founder cells for mature gametes, the vehicles by which individuals transmit genetic and epigenetic information to later generations. Since the 19^th century, avian species (chickens in particular) have been widely used for germ cell research. Previous studies have used chicken PGCs for a variety of research applications, including as a model for studies focusing on germline development. Other applications of chicken PGCs, including conservation efforts for avian species and methods of producing transgenic birds, have further reinforced the importance of these cells. However, much remains to be revealed about the origin and role of PGCs during their development in the chicken. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of chicken PGCs, focusing in particular upon their initial profiles and physiological changes during development as regulated by environmental factors and/or intrinsic mechanisms. We also emphasise sex-dependent differences in PGC development after settlement within the gonads, as well as future applications for avian PGCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":94228,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of developmental biology","volume":" ","pages":"145-152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1387/ijdb.170283jh","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35975422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An obsession with the chick.","authors":"Ruth Bellairs","doi":"10.1387/ijdb.180028rb","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1387/ijdb.180028rb","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper provides a brief account of some aspects of the career of Ruth Bellairs using selected examples from her research publications, with the emphasis being placed on the early stages of chick embryo development, and in particular, on cell migration. Topics include the role of Hensen's node, the vitelline membrane, the structure and segmentation of somites, the tail bud and the Wolffian duct. Her research approach has involved embryo culture, experimental surgery, transmission and scanning electron microscopy, time-lapse filming and immunostaining techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":94228,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of developmental biology","volume":" ","pages":"15-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1387/ijdb.180028rb","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35975423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A life in Science with the avian embryo.","authors":"Nicole M Le Douarin","doi":"10.1387/ijdb.170287NL","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1387/ijdb.170287NL","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>My career in research was a second thought. I first (during 8 years) worked as a secondary school teacher and after 4-5 years, during which my two daughters were born, I found a way to escape from what was to be a lifetime job. For two years, my initiation to research was limited to the free time left by my teaching duties. This period of time was a bit \"complicated\" but not enough to prevent me to realize that research was really what I wanted to do for the rest of my life… And this was when I became acquainted with the chick embryo. This companionship later became extended to another representative of the avian world: the quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). I recall in the following lines a survey of scientific stories that came out from my association with these precious animals, ... not without a feeling of gratitude.</p>","PeriodicalId":94228,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of developmental biology","volume":" ","pages":"19-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2018-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1387/ijdb.170287NL","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"35975869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aurora-A: an expedition to the pole of the spindle in Xenopus egg extracts.","authors":"J. Kubiak, C. Prigent","doi":"10.1387/IJDB.160189JK","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1387/IJDB.160189JK","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this short review is to describe the contribution of Xenopus laevis egg extracts to the discovery and understanding of the regulation and function of the serine/threonine kinase Aurora-A. The power of these extracts to recapitulate cell cycle events makes them a precious tool to decipher complex biological processes at the molecular level, including the mechanisms that affect Aurora-A (post-translational modifications) and mechanisms in which Aurora-A plays a crucial role (bipolar spindle assembly). We focus on the results obtained in cell-free extracts, but we also give an updated overview of Aurora A functions found in other systems.","PeriodicalId":94228,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of developmental biology","volume":"38 1","pages":"255-261"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74498907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flexibility vs. robustness in cell cycle regulation of timing of M-phase entry in Xenopus laevis embryo cell-free extract.","authors":"M. Dȩbowski, Mohammed El Dika, J. Malejczyk, R. Zdanowski, C. Prigent, J. Tassan, M. Kloc, M. Lachowicz, J. Kubiak","doi":"10.1387/IJDB.160134JK","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1387/IJDB.160134JK","url":null,"abstract":"During the cell cycle, cyclin dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) play major roles in the regulation of mitosis. CDK1 phosphorylates a series of substrates triggering M-phase entry. Most of these substrates are dephosphorylated by PP2A. To allow phosphorylation of CDK1 substrates, PP2A is progressively inactivated upon M-phase entry. We have shown previously that the interplay between these two activities determines the timing of M-phase entry. Slight diminution of CDK1 activity by the RO3306 inhibitor delays M-phase entry in a dose-dependent manner in Xenopus embryo cell-free extract, while reduction of PP2A activity by OA inhibitor accelerates this process also in a dose-dependent manner. However, when a mixture of RO3306 and OA is added to the extract, an intermediate timing of M-phase entry is observed. Here we use a mathematical model to describe and understand this interplay. Simulations showing acceleration and delay in M-phase entry match previously described experimental data. CDC25 phosphatase is a major activator of CDK1 and acts through CDK1 Tyr15 and Thr14 dephosphorylation. Addition of CDC25 activity to our mathematical model was also consistent with our experimental results. To verify whether our assumption that the dynamics of CDC25 activation used in this model are the same in all experimental variants, we analyzed the dynamics of CDC25 phosphorylation, which reflect its activation. We confirm that these dynamics are indeed very similar in control extracts and when RO3306 and OA are present separately. However, when RO3306 and OA are added simultaneously to the extract, activation of CDC25 is slightly delayed. Integration of this parameter allowed us to improve our model. Furthermore, the pattern of CDK1 dephosphorylation on Tyr15 showed that the real dynamics of CDK1 activation are very similar in all experimental variants. The model presented here accurately describes, in mathematical terms, how the interplay between CDK1, PP2A and CDC25 controls the flexible timing of M-phase entry.","PeriodicalId":94228,"journal":{"name":"The International journal of developmental biology","volume":"54 2 1","pages":"305-314"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74317937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}