The American journal of Chinese medicine最新文献

{"title":"The Role of Traditional Chinese Medicine in the Management of Polyploid Giant Cancer Cells.","authors":"Yanyuan Zhou, Tungyi Lin, Tingan Chiang, Peiming Yang, Tailong Pan","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X26500175","DOIUrl":"10.1142/S0192415X26500175","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer causes millions of deaths globally every year. At its later stages, cancers are primarily treated with systemic therapies which do not provide an effective cure; the remaining cancer cells ultimately acquire drug resistance, relapse, and metastasize. In particular, polyploid giant cancer cells (PGCCs), which arise in response to diverse cellular stressors such as therapeutic pressure, modulate the tumor microenvironment (TME) and immunity involved in cancer development. However, without the knowledge of well-established signaling cascades targeting PGCCs, the current treatment options for these cells remain limited. This review provides a summary of the latest research associated with PGCC formation and treatment outcomes in common metastatic cancers. In addition, we highlight how some traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and their bioactive compounds may serve as prospective agents for arresting PGCCs through cell cycle regulation, cell death induction, and TME modulation. Specifically, we identify how these processes are closely associated with the initiation, self-renewal, and termination phases of the PGCC life cycle. Based on the principle in TCM of \"strengthening vital qi to eliminate pathogenic factors,\" the most efficacious herbs for counteracting PGCCs have been identified as <i>Coptis chinensis</i>, <i>Oldenlandia diffusa</i>, <i>Scutellaria baicalensis</i>, <i>Salvia miltiorrhiza</i>, <i>Curcuma longa</i>, <i>Astragali radix</i>, and <i>Panax ginseng</i>. The bioactive compounds of these herbs include berberine, oleanolic acid, wogonin, tanshinone IIA, curcumin, Astragaloside IV, and ginsenoside Rh2. Given the multi-target characteristics of TCM, network pharmacology was performed to allow for an integrative approach to elucidating underlying mechanisms. In particular, TCM administration may modulate both the p53 signaling pathway and cell cycle-related proteins. This, in turn, alleviates PGCC-induced tumor recurrence and resistance. Collectively, this review emphasizes the central role of PGCCs in advanced cancer progression while strengthening the mechanistic insights of TCM in PGCC-oriented therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":94221,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of Chinese medicine","volume":" ","pages":"483-508"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146204496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acupuncture for Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment: Biological Mechanisms of Anti-Inflammation and Analgesia.","authors":"Tingting Liu, Simin Du, Guorui Yan, Haitao Yang, Wanyi Xu, Zhihan Chen, Xue Wang, Haofei Du, Shamim Md Forhad, Yi Guo, Xiaokai Chen, Xiaowei Lin","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X26500138","DOIUrl":"10.1142/S0192415X26500138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common chronic inflammatory autoimmune joint disease, and its main clinical manifestations include bone joint swelling, pain, and progressive destruction. Acupuncture has become an important clinical treatment for RA due to its high safety profile, minimal side effects, and cost-effectiveness. However, it still needs to be further promoted and improved in the future. This review systematically summarizes the current status of acupuncture's clinical application and mechanism research in both domestic and international treatments of RA over the past decade. First, it outlines the current clinical application of acupuncture for RA, and offers a focus on summarizing advances in mechanism research. Findings indicate that acupuncture can alleviate chronic RA inflammation by regulating macrophage polarization, the M1/M2 cell ratio, and Treg/Th17 cell balance. It regulates the Keap1-Nrf2/ARE/HO-1 signaling pathway to reduce oxidative stress in inflamed tissues. Decreasing RANKL protein levels inhibits osteoclast generation while protecting bone joints. Additionally, it suppresses synovial angiogenesis, specifically activates autophagy to positively regulate the AMPK/ULK1 signaling pathway, and suppresses the abnormal activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway that causes excessive autophagy in synovial cells. It also alleviates chronic pain through both the release of peripheral local mediators and central nervous system signaling regulation while improving pain-related anxiety and depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":94221,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of Chinese medicine","volume":" ","pages":"349-374"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146260478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research Progress on Combination Therapies Based on PD-1/PD-L1 Blockade Against Malignancies and the Adjuvant Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine.","authors":"Juntao Wang, Shunchao Zhang, Yuhan Wei, Chunguang Li, Zekun Wang, Haoran Qu, Zhigang Li, Mengya Liu, Bingjie Guan","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X26500059","DOIUrl":"10.1142/S0192415X26500059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Programmed death (PD-1) is an important immune checkpoint receptor expressed on the surface of T cells, B cells and natural killer (NK) cells. PD-L1 (B7-H1) is a critical ligand for PD-1, and is widely expressed in a variety of cancer cells, immune cells, and normal histocytes. It has been established that the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction can produce an immunosuppressive effect by suppressing T cell proliferation, cytokine secretion, and cytotoxicity. Currently, PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors are known to be promising anticancer agents that reverse the antitumor immune function of T cells by inhibiting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis. The monotherapy of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade, while effective in treating cancers, is limited by a low response rate, immune-related adverse events (irAEs), and drug resistance. Their combinations with surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, hormone therapy, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), due to a synergistic effect, have broadened the frontier of cancer research. Following a holistic principle, TCM serves as an adjuvant therapy with PD-1/PD-L1 blockade, and provides benefits through complicated mechanisms. We specifically focused on the profound significance of TCM's assistance of PD-1/PD-L1 blockade, and the opportunities and challenges of treating cancers with both TCM and PD-1/PD-L1 blockade.</p>","PeriodicalId":94221,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of Chinese medicine","volume":" ","pages":"139-169"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146069414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Active Constituents of <i>Magnolia officinalis</i> in Cancer Management: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential.","authors":"Jiao Xia, Youqin Zeng, Yuting Ye, Changyou Wei, Ping Leng","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X26500321","DOIUrl":"10.1142/S0192415X26500321","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The global incidence and mortality of cancer continue to increase, and various chemotherapeutic agents, while highly effective, are associated with serious side effects like immunosuppression, metabolic dysfunction, and drug resistance. As a complementary or alternative approach, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which is known for its multi-target mechanisms and low toxicity, has garnered increasing attention in cancer research. <i>Magnolia officinalis (M. officinalis)</i> is a member of the Magnoliaceae family, and dried bark from its stems, roots, and branches is its primary medicinal part. According to TCM theory, <i>M. officinalis</i> may resolve dampness, eliminate phlegm, promote qi circulation, and relieve stagnation, and it has been widely applied in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. Modern pharmacological studies have identified bioactive compounds, including lignans, volatile oils, alkaloids, and polysaccharides, in <i>M. officinalis</i>, but the mechanisms underlying these pharmacological effects are still unclear and their clinical applications are limited by the lack of robust clinical evidence. We conducted a systematic review of both contemporary research databases (e.g., PubMed, CNKI, ScienceDirect, and other Chinese medical databases) and classic TCM literature to compile the bioactive components of <i>M. officinalis</i>, their pharmacological mechanisms in oncology, and recent preclinical progress. We also discuss the prospects and challenges of developing <i>M. officinalis</i> as an anticancer agent to provide a theoretical basis for its future development and clinical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":94221,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of Chinese medicine","volume":" ","pages":"881-909"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147793624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting Ferroptosis: Effects and Mechanisms of Action of Berberine.","authors":"Ting Cheng, Hu Xi, Wenjie Hao, Yue Yang, Nannan Qian, Wenming Yang","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X26500540","DOIUrl":"10.1142/S0192415X26500540","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, plays a critical role in various diseases. Berberine, a bioactive compound from plants such as <i>Coptis chinensis</i>, tree turmeric, and barberry, exhibits bidirectional regulation of ferroptosis, but its systemic mechanisms remain unclear. This review summarizes berberine's effects through multiple signaling pathways, emphasizing context-dependent mechanisms, tissue-specific accumulation, and therapeutic potential. Relevant literature was retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, and ScienceDirect. Berberine modulates ferroptosis via iron homeostasis, lipid peroxidation, the System Xc^-/GSH/GPX4 anti-oxidant system, and mitochondrial function, involving NRF2, p53, AMPK, PI3K/Akt, and MAPK pathways. It promotes ferroptosis in tumors and fibrotic diseases but inhibits it in cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurological disorders, alleviating tissue damage. Nano-delivery systems and structural optimization enhance bioavailability and targeting, demonstrating therapeutic efficacy and biosafety. Berberine's multi-target, bidirectional regulation shows promising clinical potential, warranting further mechanistic and delivery-focused studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":94221,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of Chinese medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1475-1497"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148400226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Luteolin Triggers Pyroptosis in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma by Inhibiting Mitochondrial Fission through the RAS/ERK/DRP1 Pathway.","authors":"Wai-Mei Si, Xin Li, Yuan Zhang, Li-Xia Yi, Pei-Wen Yang, Lin-Jie Ruan, Xiang-Yu Kong, He Ba, Zhen Chen","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X26500606","DOIUrl":"10.1142/S0192415X26500606","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is among the most lethal malignancies and lacks effective therapies. Luteolin, a dietary flavonoid with broad antitumor activity, has shown anti-PDAC potential, yet whether it acts through RAS/ERK/DRP1-dependent mitochondrial fission and pyroptosis remains unclear. Human PDAC cells were treated with luteolin to evaluate its effects on malignant phenotypes, including proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. Mitochondrial function and morphology were assessed by measuring mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial ROS production, and mitochondrial network remodeling. Pyroptosis was evaluated by measuring NLRP3 inflammasome activation, pyroptosis-related proteins, and cell injury-associated indicators. Mechanistically, MCC950, RAS overexpression, DRP1 overexpression, EGF stimulation, and Mdivi-1 treatment were used to determine the involvement of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and the RAS/ERK/DRP1-mediated mitochondrial fission pathway. A subcutaneous xenograft model was further established to validate the antitumor effect of luteolin <i>in vivo</i>. Luteolin significantly inhibited the growth, migration, and invasion of PANC-1 and MIA PaCa-2 cells, while increasing apoptosis. It induced mitochondrial membrane potential loss, enhanced mitochondrial ROS production, reduced mitochondrial number, suppressed mitochondrial fission, and promoted mitochondrial network remodeling. Luteolin also upregulated NLRP3 inflammasome- and pyroptosis-related proteins, and these effects were partially reversed by MCC950. Mechanistically, luteolin inhibited the RAS/ERK/DRP1 pathway, whereas RAS or DRP1 overexpression partially attenuated luteolin-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and pyroptosis-related changes. Mdivi-1 produced effects similar to those of luteolin, supporting the involvement of mitochondrial fission disruption. <i>In vivo</i>, luteolin inhibited tumor growth without obvious systemic toxicity. These findings indicate that luteolin suppresses PDAC progression by inhibiting RAS/ERK-dependent, DRP1-mediated mitochondrial fission, thereby inducing mitochondrial dysfunction and triggering pyroptosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":94221,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of Chinese medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1637-1670"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148427798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tumor Immune Regulation by Natural Products: Mechanistic Insights and Therapeutic Potential.","authors":"Qianqian Wang, Zihan Zhang, Xiaotong Sun, Zihan Zhang, Qiwen Lu, Shan Deng, Xuan Han","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X26500515","DOIUrl":"10.1142/S0192415X26500515","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Frequently evolving into a highly immunosuppressive niche that facilitates tumor growth and metastasis, the tumor microenvironment (TME) serves as the primary site for interactions between tumor cells and the host immune system. Reversing this immunosuppressive state therefore represents a pivotal strategy for antitumor therapy. Natural products possess the distinct advantages of multi-targeted and multi-pathway mechanisms, as well as the capacity to enhance therapeutic efficacy while attenuating systemic toxicity. These characteristics perfectly align with the core principles of antitumor immunotherapy. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that natural products including <i>Ganoderma lucidum</i> polysaccharides, <i>Astragalus</i> polysaccharides, and <i>Lycium barbarum</i> polysaccharides, as well as bioactive single compounds such as curcumin, resveratrol, and bufalin, exert potent antitumor immunotherapeutic effects by remodeling the suppressive TME. Consequently, they are increasingly being utilized as synergists or adjuvants in advanced therapeutic modalities, which include adoptive immune cell therapy, cancer vaccines, and immune checkpoint inhibitors. In addition, the discovery of novel potential regulatory factors for tumor immunotherapy from natural products has attracted significant attention. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest progress on how natural products reshape the immunosuppressive landscape and enhance the systemic antitumor response. Ultimately, this review both underscores the immense translational potential of natural products in tumor immunotherapy and highlights critical directions for future standardized research.</p>","PeriodicalId":94221,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of Chinese medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1391-1425"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148427848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway: A Review of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Alzheimer's Disease.","authors":"Ming Liu, Hang Hong, Xingxing Zhang, Jiayu Ren, Chunlan Tang","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X26500400","DOIUrl":"10.1142/S0192415X26500400","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily characterized by β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition, Tau protein hyperphosphorylation, and chronic neuroinflammation. Current pharmacological interventions demonstrate limited therapeutic efficacy. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway, a pivotal regulator of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, plays a critical role in AD pathogenesis. Recent studies have revealed that traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) and their bioactive constituents can modulate the Nrf2 signaling pathway to mitigate oxidative stress, suppress neuroinflammation, enhance Aβ clearance, and reduce Tau protein phosphorylation. By doing so, TCMs exert multi-targeted anti-AD effects. This review systematically summarizes the mechanisms and recent advances concerning the active ingredients of Nrf2 pathway-modulating TCMs, herbal medicines, and TCM formulations for the prevention and treatment of AD. Furthermore, it critically evaluates current research limitations and prospects for future research directions to provide a theoretical foundation for the development of novel anti-AD therapeutics derived from TCMs.</p>","PeriodicalId":94221,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of Chinese medicine","volume":" ","pages":"1085-1113"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148261341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research Progress on Traditional Chinese Medicine in Regulating Inflammatory Pathways of the Gut-Kidney Axis in Diabetic Kidney Disease.","authors":"Yuxin Gong, Na Zhao, Yichang Liu","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X26500035","DOIUrl":"10.1142/S0192415X26500035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a major microvascular complication of diabetes, and recent evidence highlights the gut-kidney axis as a critical target in its prevention and treatment. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has demonstrated its unique advantages in regulating this axis through multi-target and multi-pathway mechanisms. This review summarizes research progress on TCM interventions that modulate the inflammatory pathways of the gut-kidney axis in DKD. Literature from recent years was collected from PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI, with a particular focus on studies investigating the roles of TCM monomers and formulas in microbiota regulation, intestinal barrier protection, and inflammatory signaling. TCM compounds such as resveratrol, astragalus polysaccharides (APS), and ginsenosides, as well as classical formulas including Yi-Shen-Hua-Shi Granule, Tangshen Formula, and Huangkui Capsule (HKC), were found to restore gut microbial balance, increase short-chain fatty acid production, and inhibit key inflammatory pathways like NF-κB, NLRP3, JAK/STAT, and TGF-β1/Smad. These effects collectively alleviate oxidative stress, suppress renal inflammation and fibrosis, and improve metabolic and immune homeostasis. The findings suggest that TCM can effectively intervene in DKD progression by targeting gut-derived inflammation and immune dysregulation, and thereby provides a theoretical and experimental basis for integrative DKD therapy centered on gut-kidney axis modulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":94221,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of Chinese medicine","volume":" ","pages":"87-116"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146069355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research Progress of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Regulating Ferroptosis Related to Digestive System Tumors.","authors":"Xinyu Cai, Xueer Zheng, Jiahua Mao, Zhenru Wang, Yue Zhuang, Minhe Shen, Shanming Ruan","doi":"10.1142/S0192415X26500163","DOIUrl":"10.1142/S0192415X26500163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ferroptosis is a novel type of cell death that depends on iron ions and lipid peroxidation. An increasing number of studies have shown that ferroptosis can inhibit the progression of digestive system tumors, enhance the sensitivity of tumor cells to drugs, and reduce drug resistance. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been widely utilized in the field of tumor treatment, and has recently achieved remarkable research results in regulating the ferroptosis of tumor cells. This review systematically expounds on the specific molecular mechanisms through which TCM regulates ferroptosis in digestive system tumors (including hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, and pancreatic cancer). It covers various intervention strategies, including TCM small molecules like terpenoids, flavonoids, phenols, saponins, and alkaloids, nanoparticles loaded with active ingredients like novel nanoparticle-encapsulated berberine and NPBer, compound formulas such as Banxia Xiexin Decoction and Compound Gegen Decoction, and external treatments such as acupuncture. Studies have indicated that TCM, through its multi-target and multi-pathway action mechanism, affects pathways such as iron metabolism, lipid metabolism, and anti-oxidant defense to thereby promote ferroptosis and consequently inhibit tumor growth and metastasis. This provides new strategies and scientific evidence for the treatment of digestive system tumors. The purpose of this paper is to provide innovative ideas and theoretical support for the further exploration of TCM in the field of tumor treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":94221,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of Chinese medicine","volume":" ","pages":"445-482"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146222554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}