{"title":"A glutathione-sensitive small molecule fluorescent probe for rapid and facile gut microbiota sensing.","authors":"Hongli Tan, Meizi Zeng, Cong Fang, Xiaohua Zhu, Meiling Liu, Ying Long, Haitao Li, Youyu Zhang, Shouzhuo Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.saa.2024.125408","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.saa.2024.125408","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The human gut microbiota plays an integral role in the management of human health. Effective detection of gut-derived bacteria and their metabolites, as well as assessing antibiotic susceptibility, are crucial for the treatment of intestinal bacteria-related diseases. Herein, we designed and developed a dual-site (nitrophenyl sulfide group and aldehyde group) fluorescent probe DNO-HC, which could rapidly (∼1 min) respond to glutathione (GSH) with low background fluorescence, high selectivity, and low detection limits (45 nM). Moreover, the probe can be used to evaluate the metabolic levels (GSH) in different gut-derived bacteria and discriminate their Gram status. Remarkably, the assessment of antimicrobial susceptibility to a variety of antibiotics has been successfully accomplished utilizing this probe. It offers a promising strategy for the treatment of diseases associated with bacterial infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":94213,"journal":{"name":"Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy","volume":"327 ","pages":"125408"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142650038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A boronic acid functionalized terbium metal-organic framework for fluorescence detection and adsorption of gallic acid.","authors":"Yulin Wang, Jixuan Chen, Kailian Zhou, Jinting Chen, Jiaqiuzi Zhang, Yongbiao Hua, Jiayao Chen, Huishi Guo, Xiuzhen Qiu","doi":"10.1016/j.saa.2024.125425","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.saa.2024.125425","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gallic acid (GA) is widely applied as an antioxidant in foods and pharmaceuticals. In this study, a boronic acid functionalized metal-organic framework (Tb-MOF) is developed for fluorescence detection and adsorption of GA. Tb-MOF is constructed by coordination polymerization of terbium ions (Tb<sup>3+</sup>) with 3,5-dicarboxyphenylboronic acid (BBDC). The resulted Tb-MOF exhibits green fluorescence emission at 546 nm under an excitation of 280 nm. However, the green emission of Tb-MOF decreases in the presence of GA due to the formation of borate esters between phenolic hydroxyl groups of GA and hydroxyl groups of Tb-MOF. Under optimized conditions (40 mmol·L<sup>-1</sup> Tris-HCl buffer solution of pH = 6.2 and reaction time of 25 min), the sensor shows a wide detection range of 5 ∼ 200 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup> with a correlation coefficient (R<sup>2</sup>) of 0.9950. Meanwhile, Tb-MOF shows good selectivity and sensitivity to GA (the limit of detection (LOD) is 0.44 μmol·L<sup>-1</sup>). Additionally, Tb-MOF is used to investigate GA adsorption. The corresponding adsorption data can be suitably described by Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order models with a maximum adsorption capacity of 6.03 mg·g<sup>-1</sup>. The above results demonstrate the potential of prepared Tb-MOF in integrating GA detection and adsorption in water samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":94213,"journal":{"name":"Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy","volume":"327 ","pages":"125425"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142635366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
George A Pitsevich, Alex E Malevich, Alexander A Kamnev
{"title":"How symmetry helps to improve the estimation of the hyperfine splitting of torsional levels due to tunneling. The case of the HSSSH molecule.","authors":"George A Pitsevich, Alex E Malevich, Alexander A Kamnev","doi":"10.1016/j.saa.2024.125307","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.saa.2024.125307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this study, we analyze a series of molecules belonging to the C<sub>2V</sub>(M) molecular symmetry group which are characterized by several conformers. The use of molecular symmetry at each stage of calculating the energy of stationary torsional states is demonstrated. In particular, the importance is shown of preliminary symmetrization of physical characteristics of the molecules obtained by quantum chemical calculations. For the first time, symmetry-adapted basis functions for the diagonal kinetic coefficients are presented, which for the analyzed molecules do not satisfy all symmetry operations of the C<sub>2V</sub>(M) group. Using the HSSSH molecule as an example, it is shown how the full or partial accounting for molecular symmetry influences the calculated values of ultra-small tunneling splittings of the ground torsional states of the trans- and cis-conformers. It has also been established that the Hamiltonian matrix is characterized by symmetry which, when taken into account, makes it possible to halve the time of calculation of its elements.</p>","PeriodicalId":94213,"journal":{"name":"Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy","volume":"327 ","pages":"125307"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142635456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Smartphone-based colorimetric paper chip sensor using single-atom nanozyme for the detection of carbofuran pesticide residues in vegetables.","authors":"Lifan Zhang, Ziyue Lang, Bozhi Lu, Tinglan Yang, Xinyi Zhang, Muxue Wang, Xiaomei Zhang, Hongmei Cao, Daixin Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.saa.2024.125415","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.saa.2024.125415","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carbofuran (CBF), which exhibit high toxicity, persistent residues, ease of accumulation, and resistance to degradation, pose serious threats to human health and harm the ecological environment. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a rapid and accurate method for detecting CBF. In this work, a low-cost, portable, and easy-to-use paper chip biosensor was developed, integrating smartphones for the detection of CBF pesticide residues. This biosensor facilitates rapid on-site testing, meeting the needs for immediate analysis. CBF has the ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. In the presence of AChE, acetylthiocholine (ATCh) is hydrolyzed to produce thiocholine (TCh). TCh, in turn, can inhibit the catalytic activity of Ni-N-C single-atom nanozymes (SAzyme) synthesized using Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub> nanochip as a metal precursor, which possess high peroxidase activity. Consequently, the concentration of CBF can be determined by observing the resultant color changes. The results showed that this sensor had a good linear response in the range of CBF concentration from 10 to 500 ng/mL, and the LOD was as low as 8.79 ng/mL. In testing three actual samples-Chinese cabbage, cabbage, and lettuce-the recoveries ranged from 81.09% to 125.27%. This demonstrated that the proposed smartphone-based colorimetric paper chip sensor, utilizing Ni-N-C SAzyme, offers an immediate, convenient, and rapid new strategy for detecting CBF.</p>","PeriodicalId":94213,"journal":{"name":"Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy","volume":"327 ","pages":"125415"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142669746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lei Peng, Hui-Nan Xin, Cai-Xia Lv, Na Li, Yong-Fu Li, Qing-Long Geng, Shu-Huang Chen, Ning Lai
{"title":"Inversion of nitrogen and phosphorus contents in cotton leaves based on the Gaussian mixture model and differences in hyperspectral features of UAV.","authors":"Lei Peng, Hui-Nan Xin, Cai-Xia Lv, Na Li, Yong-Fu Li, Qing-Long Geng, Shu-Huang Chen, Ning Lai","doi":"10.1016/j.saa.2024.125419","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.saa.2024.125419","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) contents in cotton leaves can directly reflect growth conditions. Rapid and nondestructive acquisition of the N and P content in cotton leaves at the field scale is essential for rational fertilization strategies and precision agriculture. However, traditional direct destructive sampling in the field is performed at the sample point scale, which cannot rapidly obtain cotton leaf N and P content from the entire field. In this study, we propose that post-classification modeling based on differences in spectral features is beneficial for improving the prediction of N and P contents in cotton leaves. To test this hypothesis, we first used principal component analysis to downscale the hyperspectral data and then used Gaussian mixture modeling (GMM) to segment the hyperspectral data for spectral differences. The in-situ measured data was then combined with the random forest model to establish N and P prediction models for cotton leaves with spectral differences and full samples. Finally, the predictive model was utilized for leaf N and P spatial mapping of cotton in the field using UAV hyperspectral images as the input data. The results demonstrate that the spectral reflectance features of the different clusters classified by the GMM differ significantly in intensity and shape. The accuracy of the cotton leaf N and P prediction model based on the spectral differences was attributed to the full sample. The results validate the existence of spectral differences between crop leaf content by UAV hyperspectroscopy, and modeling based on spectral differences can improve the accuracy of predicting the spatial distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus in cotton leaves in the field.</p>","PeriodicalId":94213,"journal":{"name":"Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy","volume":"327 ","pages":"125419"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142640519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Subitha Adaikalapandi, T Daniel Thangadurai, S Sivakumar, D Nataraj, Alex Schechter, Nandakumar Kalarikkal, Sabu Thomas
{"title":"Aggregation induced emission \"Turn on\" ultra-low detection of anti-inflammatory drug flufenamic acid in human urine samples by carbon dots derived from bamboo stem waste.","authors":"Subitha Adaikalapandi, T Daniel Thangadurai, S Sivakumar, D Nataraj, Alex Schechter, Nandakumar Kalarikkal, Sabu Thomas","doi":"10.1016/j.saa.2024.125278","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.saa.2024.125278","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Carbon dot-based fluorescence sensors have attracted research interest for the selective determination of anti-inflammatory drugs in biological fluids and environments. The overdose and accumulation of anti-inflammatory drugs in tissues can cause chronic side effects including abdominal pain, and renal damage. Herein, we report a new fluorescent probe, bamboo stem waste-derived carbon dots (BS-CDs) for highly sensitive detection of Flufenamic acid (FA), a hazardous anti-inflammatory drug. The UV-vis absorption spectra of BS-CDs show a redshifted absorption peak at 283 nm upon the addition of FA suggesting strong binding interaction between BS-CDs and FA molecule. The BS-CDs showed a fluorescence enhancement (∼2-fold) detection for FA (400 μM) in the linear concentration range (0.40 → 0.65 μM) with a limit of detection (LoD; 17 nM) and binding constant (K<sub>a</sub> = 1.33 × 10<sup>-3</sup> M<sup>-1</sup>). The time-resolved fluorescence decay analysis showed that the average lifetime of BS-CDs has slightly changed (4.42 → 4.67 ns) by the interaction with FA through the aggregation-induced emission (AIE) process. The interference, pH, and effect of time results suggest that BS-CDs are highly selective probes for FA detection and do not show any interference involvement during FA detection. The confirmation of the structure and morphology changes of BS-CDs after interaction with FA was carried out by XRD, FESEM, HRTEM, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy. The practicability of the BS-CDs probe was proved by the detection of FA in human urine samples with recovery of 103-109 %. This suggests that the proposed BS-CDs-based 'turn-on' sensor could be used to determine the FA in biological fluids.</p>","PeriodicalId":94213,"journal":{"name":"Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy","volume":"326 ","pages":"125278"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142484683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ramadan Ali, Abdullah Alattar, Abdullah S Albalawi, Alanoud Alkhamali, Osama A Hakami, Hamzah Hussain Alharthi, Mohammed S Alahmari, Abdullah H Alharbi, Omar Mohammed Aljohani, Yahya A Yahya Alzahrani, Turki M Albaqami, Mohamed M El-Wekil
{"title":"Developing a switch \"OFF-ON\" fluorescent probe for detection of melamine based on doubly-protected red emissive copper nanoclusters mediated by Hg<sup>2+</sup> ions.","authors":"Ramadan Ali, Abdullah Alattar, Abdullah S Albalawi, Alanoud Alkhamali, Osama A Hakami, Hamzah Hussain Alharthi, Mohammed S Alahmari, Abdullah H Alharbi, Omar Mohammed Aljohani, Yahya A Yahya Alzahrani, Turki M Albaqami, Mohamed M El-Wekil","doi":"10.1016/j.saa.2024.125286","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.saa.2024.125286","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Melamine, often used as an adulterant in infants' formula due to its high protein content, can be harmful when ingested in large amounts, leading to the formation of cyanurate-melamine co-crystals in infants and potentially causing kidney damage. In this study, we introduce a fluorescent method for the selective and reliable detection of melamine in milk and infants' formula. The fluorescent probe comprises copper nanoclusters (Cu NCs) functionalized with thiosalicylic acid (TSA) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as double-protecting ligands. Upon the addition of Hg<sup>2+</sup>, the fluorescence emission of TSA-PVP@Cu NCs is diminished due to static quenching. Subsequently, the fluorescence emission of the TSA-PVP@Cu NCs + Hg<sup>2+</sup> probe is restored upon the introduction of melamine, facilitated by the coordination interaction between melamine and Hg<sup>2+</sup> and the formation of a stable chelate between them. Under optimized conditions, the fluorescence emission was recorded initially for the TSA-PVP@Cu NCs + Hg<sup>2+</sup> probe (F°) and after melamine addition (F). The (F/F°) ratio increased with rising melamine concentrations within the range of 0.025-65 µM. The detection limit, calculated using a signal-to-noise ratio of 3, was determined to be 8.0 nM. The TSA-PVP@Cu NCs + Hg<sup>2+</sup> probe was successfully employed to detect melamine in milk and infants' formula, yielding acceptable recovery percentages and relative standard deviations. These results underscore the reliability and efficacy of the proposed probe for the fluorometric detection of melamine in real-world samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":94213,"journal":{"name":"Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy","volume":"326 ","pages":"125286"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142484685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Juan Yin, Zejie Wu, Heng Li, Bianli Cao, Wanzhi Wang
{"title":"Monitoring of mercury ion in environmental media and biological systems using a red emissive fluorescent probe with a large Stokes shift.","authors":"Juan Yin, Zejie Wu, Heng Li, Bianli Cao, Wanzhi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.saa.2024.125272","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.saa.2024.125272","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The development of practical fluorescent probe for detecting toxic mercury ions (Hg<sup>2+</sup>) is desirable for environmental assurance and public health. In this study, a new red emissive fluorescent probe (KJL) was designed and synthesized for monitoring trace Hg<sup>2+</sup> both in vitro and in vivo with distinct features including ideal response rate (within 4 min), red emission (596 nm), large Stokes shift (162 nm), highly sensitivity (LOD = 4.79 nM) and excellent specificity. KJL also validated the good capability for accurately monitoring trace Hg<sup>2+</sup> levels in actual samples (faucet water, drinking water, river water, lake water, urine and serum) and possessed the eye-catching ability in visualization of Hg<sup>2+</sup> under environmental/biological conditions, which revealed the great potential of this red-emitting fluorescent probe for practical applications in complex environmental and biological systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":94213,"journal":{"name":"Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy","volume":"326 ","pages":"125272"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142484691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sanghoon Cho, Sangjae Kim, Yunjung Kim, Hoeil Chung
{"title":"Raman spectroscopic quantification of polyethylene particles in water using polydimethylsiloxane-coated nickel foam as a particle-capturing platform.","authors":"Sanghoon Cho, Sangjae Kim, Yunjung Kim, Hoeil Chung","doi":"10.1016/j.saa.2024.125269","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.saa.2024.125269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nickel foam (NF) was evaluated as a medium for the capture of polyethylene (PE) particles in water. NF is a hydrophobic and porous material with a large surface area, making it a promising candidate for attracting PE particles. However, the particle-capturing efficiency using bare NF was only 69.5%. To increase capturing efficiency, a circular polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-coated NF (PDMS@NF, diameter: 6 mm) was employed to enhance the hydrophobicity. The capturing efficiency using the PDMS@NF was substantially increased to 97.6 % owing to the increase in hydrophobicity. To quantify the captured PE particles on/in the PDMS@NF using Raman spectroscopy, a wide area illumination (WAI) scheme providing 6 mm-diameter laser illumination was adopted to fully cover the PDMS@NF for representative spectroscopic sampling and accurate quantification. The intensity ratios of PE to PDMS peaks in the collected spectra clearly increased with the quantity of dispersed PE particles (0.1 ∼ 4.0 mg range, R<sup>2</sup>: 0.992) in the water samples, and the limit of detection was 0.08 mg. Moreover, the capturing efficiencies for polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) particles (1 mg of each) using the PDMS@NF were also superior, ranging from 96.4 to 98.2 %. Therefore, the proposed scheme incorporating the PDMS@NF as a particle-capturing and Raman measurement platform has potential as a method for on-line detection of microplastics in water.</p>","PeriodicalId":94213,"journal":{"name":"Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy","volume":"326 ","pages":"125269"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142484693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yu Liu, Yutian Jiao, Longjun Xiong, Gongli Wei, Baocai Xu, Guiju Zhang, Ce Wang, Li Zhao
{"title":"Sensitive detection of α-amylase based on host-guest inclusion system of γ-cyclodextrin and dansyl-derived diphenylalanine.","authors":"Yu Liu, Yutian Jiao, Longjun Xiong, Gongli Wei, Baocai Xu, Guiju Zhang, Ce Wang, Li Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.saa.2024.125291","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.saa.2024.125291","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A highly sensitive detection system for α-amylase was developed via host-guest complexation between γ-cyclodextrin and dansyl-modified diphenylalanine (FF-Dns). The host-guest inclusion of FF-Dns into the cavity of γ-CD in a HEPES buffer solution (10 mM, pH 7.4) significantly enhanced the fluorescence intensity, and the emission wavelength gradually shifted from 558 to 535 nm. The hydrolysis of γ-CD by the addition of α-amylase released FF-Dns, leading to the recovery of the fluorescence emission characteristics. Therefore, the FF-Dns/γ-CD host-guest complexation system can serve as a platform for the sensitive detection of α-amylase with good selectivity against potential interference. The limit of detection (LOD) of the system was 0.004 U/mL, with a linear working range of 0-6 U/mL. The detection assay was successfully applied in 0.1 % serum, achieving an LOD of 0.017 U/mL and a linear working range of 0-10 U/mL.</p>","PeriodicalId":94213,"journal":{"name":"Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy","volume":"326 ","pages":"125291"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142484695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}