Research quarterly for exercise and sport最新文献

{"title":"Assessing the Validity of Two Non-Exercise Regression Equations for Predicting Maximal Oxygen Consumption.","authors":"Mahmoud Nikseresht, Carlo Castagna, Mehdi Nikseresht","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2354819","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2354819","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose:</b> This study aimed to develop two regression equations to predict maximal oxygen consumption (VO_2max) using non-exercise data from a substantial cohort of healthy Iranian adult males. Additionally, this study sought to examine the predictive accuracy of these equations across four different levels of physical activity. <b>Methods:</b> A total of 126 participants (age: 34.9 ± 11.3 years, body mass index [BMI]: 24.9 ± 2.7 kg/m², and body fat percentage [BF%]: 18.3 ± 4.9) completed a maximal graded exercise test to measure VO_2max, with a mean of 45.0 ± 3.4 ml.kg^-1.min^-1. Participants also provided information on age, current physical activity rating (PA-R), and either BMI or BF% to estimate VO_2max using Jackson and colleagues' regression equations. The PA-R was assessed via a standardized questionnaire and categorized into four levels: sedentary, low, moderate, and high. <b>Results:</b> The key findings from this study indicate that both original models significantly underestimated actual VO_2max in a large cohort of Iranian adults (both, <i>p</i> < .001 and mean differences exceeding 2.19 ml.kg^-1.min^-1). Nevertheless, these models provided accurate predictions for VO_2max among individuals with moderate levels of physical activity (both, <i>p</i> > .08 and mean differences between 0.51 and 1.03 ml.kg^-1.min^-1). Furthermore, the models demonstrated moderate validity, as evidenced by an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.841 and a coefficient of variation averaging 10.9%, with a range from 8.5% to 13.6%. <b>Conclusions:</b> While Jackson's two non-exercise models showed limited accuracy in predicting VO_2max among Iranian healthy male adults, they exhibited reasonable precision, particularly among moderately active men.</p>","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":" ","pages":"953-962"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141494715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing the Tactical Behavior of Young Soccer Players in Full- and Small-Sided Games.","authors":"Marcos Paulo F Silvino, Hugo Sarmento, Israel Teoldo","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2357661","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2357661","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective was to assess and compare the tactical conduct of players aged U-8, U-10, and U-12 during full- and small-sided games, focusing on tactical modeling and interaction dynamics. Each age group comprised three teams (<i>n</i> = 180; 60 per category; 20 per team), engaging in a tournament where teams faced each other once in both formats - 18 matches; 3 per category in each format. Full-sided games (GK + 10 vs.10 + GK; 100 × 68 m) and small-sided games (U-8: GK + 4 vs. 4 + GK (36 × 20 m); U-10: GK + 7 vs. 7 + GK (52.5 × 34 m); U-12: GK + 10 vs. 10 + GK (68 × 45 m). Standard playing times (3 periods of 12 minutes (U-8s); 3 periods of 15 minutes (U-10s); and 3 periods of 20 minutes (U-12s), with a 5-minute break. Variables were examined using descriptive analysis (mean, standard deviation, and confidence interval), with paired t-tests and Wilcoxon tests employed for inter-format comparisons. Despite players benefiting from more time and space in full-sided games (increased ball receptions and overall ball involvement), results from small-sided games indicate three key advantages: 1) More goals (U-8s: z = -3.44, <i>p</i> = .050) and shots on target (U-8: z = -3.25, <i>p</i> = .001; U-10: z = -2.72, <i>p</i> = .007); 2) Game space management-ball circulation in larger amplitude (U-10: <i>t</i> = -4.20, <i>p</i> = .001; U-12: <i>t</i> = -4.35, <i>p</i> < .001); and with more transitions (U-10: <i>t</i> = -3.60, <i>p</i> = .002; U-12: <i>t</i> = -4.16, <i>p</i> = .001) and 3) Fast decision-making-larger ball velocity circulation (U-08: <i>t</i> = -3.54, <i>p</i> = .003; U-10: <i>t</i> = -5.13, <i>p</i> < .001; U-12: <i>t</i> = -5.80, <i>p</i> < .001).</p>","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":" ","pages":"983-992"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141565467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elite Soccer Players' Weekly Workload Assessment Through a New Training Load and Performance Score.","authors":"Guglielmo Pillitteri, Alessio Rossi, Tindaro Bongiovanni, Giuseppe Puleo, Marco Petrucci, F Marcello Iaia, Hugo Sarmento, Filipe Manuel Clemente, Giuseppe Battaglia","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2358956","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2358956","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose</b>: Monitoring players' training load allows practitioners to enhance physical performance while reducing injury risk. The aim of this study was to identify the key external load indicators in professional U19 soccer. <b>Methods</b>: Twenty-four-professional Italian young (U19) soccer players were monitored by using the rating of perceived exertion (CR-10 RPE scale) and a wearable inertial sensor during the competitive season. Three main components were detected by a Principal Component Analysis (PCA): i) volume metabolic related component, ii) intensity mechanical stimuli component, and iii) intensity metabolic/mechanical component. We hence computed two scores (i.e. Performance [PERF] and total workload [WORK]) permitting to investigate the weekly microcycle. <b>Results</b>: Correlation analysis showed that scores (i.e. PERF and WORK) are low correlated (<i>r</i> = -0.20) suggesting that they were independent. Autocorrelation analysis showed that a weekly microcycle is detectable in all the scores. Two-way ANOVA RM showed a statistical difference between match day (MD) and playing position for the three PCA components and PERF score. <b>Conclusion</b>: We proposed an innovative approach to assess both the players' physical performance and training load by using a machine learning approach allowing reducing a large dataset in an objective way. This approach may help practitioners to prescribe the training in the microcycle based on the two scores.</p>","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":" ","pages":"993-1001"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141565469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors Trends Among Black High School Students, 2009-2019.","authors":"Tienna Fenton, Elena Bastida","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2351903","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2351903","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose:</b> Physical inactivity and sedentary behaviors are key contributors to the rising rates of childhood obesity. Though many adolescents are aware of the benefits of exercise, youth in America are not sufficiently active. This study examined changes in physical activity (PA), physical education (PE), and sedentary behaviors among Black adolescents. <b>Methods:</b> Pooled data from Black high school students (<i>n</i> = 2,233) who completed the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) from 2009-2019 in Broward County, Florida, were analyzed. Logistic and linear regression models examined trends in selected physical activity indicators. <b>Results:</b> There were no significant changes in recommended physical activity levels (<i>p</i> = .829), daily physical activity (<i>p</i> = .44), PE class attendance (<i>p</i> = .054), or the average number of days of PA engagement (<i>p</i> = .304) for this time period. However, there was a significant decline in daily PE class attendance, the average number of days of PE attendance, and excessive television watching (<i>p</i> < .001). There were also increases in excessive video gaming and computer usage (<i>p</i> = .002). <b>Conclusion:</b> Adolescents' physical activity behaviors have not declined substantially over the past decade. However, sedentary behaviors, such as computer use and video gaming, have markedly increased. Results presented here should assist in broadening the understanding of Black adolescents' views on weight and physical activity and developing local programs and interventions to promote regular physical activity aimed at this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":" ","pages":"920-929"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141433719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Data-Driven Approach to Predicting Recreational Activity Participation Using Machine Learning.","authors":"Seungbak Lee, Minsoo Kang","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2343815","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2343815","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose:</b> With the popularity of recreational activities, the study aimed to develop prediction models for recreational activity participation and explore the key factors affecting participation in recreational activities. <b>Methods:</b> A total of 12,712 participants, excluding individuals under 20, were selected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2011 to 2018. The mean age of the sample was 46.86 years (±16.97), with a gender distribution of 6,721 males and 5,991 females. The variables included demographic, physical-related variables, and lifestyle variables. This study developed 42 prediction models using six machine learning methods, including logistic regression, Support Vector Machine (SVM), decision tree, random forest, eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM). The relative importance of each variable was evaluated by permutation feature importance. <b>Results:</b> The results illustrated that the LightGBM was the most effective algorithm for predicting recreational activity participation (accuracy: .838, precision: .783, recall: .967, F1-score: .865, AUC: .826). In particular, prediction performance increased when the demographic and lifestyle datasets were used together. Next, as the result of the permutation feature importance based on the top models, education level and moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were found to be essential variables. <b>Conclusion:</b> These findings demonstrated the potential of a data-driven approach utilizing machine learning in a recreational discipline. Furthermore, this study interpreted the prediction model through feature importance analysis to overcome the limitation of machine learning interpretability.</p>","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":" ","pages":"873-885"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141322266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparison of Methods to Identify the Mean Response Time of Ramp-Incremental Exercise for Exercise Prescription.","authors":"Nikan Behboodpour, Brayden Halvorson, Juan M Murias, Daniel Keir, Glen Belfry","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2346137","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2346137","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Introduction:&lt;/b&gt; The oxygen uptake (&lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mover&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;V&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;˙&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mover&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) vs power output relationship from ramp incremental exercise is used to prescribe aerobic exercise. As power output increases, there is a delay in &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mover&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;V&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;˙&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mover&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; that contributes to a misalignment of &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mover&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;V&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;˙&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mover&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; from power output; the mean response time (MRT). If the MRT is not considered in exercise prescription, ramp incremental-identified power outputs will elicit &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mover&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;V&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;˙&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mover&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; values that are higher than intended. We compared three methods of determining MRT (exponential modeling (MRT&lt;sub&gt;EXP&lt;/sub&gt;), linear modeling (MRT&lt;sub&gt;LIN&lt;/sub&gt;), and the steady-state method (MRT&lt;sub&gt;SS&lt;/sub&gt;)) and evaluated their accuracy at predicting the &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mover&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;V&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;˙&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mover&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; associated with power outputs approximating 75% and 85% of gas exchange threshold and 15% of the difference between gas exchange threshold and maximal &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mover&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;V&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;˙&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mover&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; (Δ15). &lt;b&gt;Methods:&lt;/b&gt; Ten males performed a 30-W∙min&lt;sup&gt;-1&lt;/sup&gt; ramp incremental and three 30-min constant power output cycle ergometer trials with intensities at 75% gas exchange threshold, 85% gas exchange threshold, and ∆15. At each intensity, the measured steady-state &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mover&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;V&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;˙&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mover&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; during each 30-min test was compared to the &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mover&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;V&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;˙&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mover&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; predicted after adjustment by each of the three MRTs. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; For all three MRT methods, predicted &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mover&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;V&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;˙&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mover&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; was not different (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 1.000) from the measured &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mover&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;V&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;˙&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mover&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; at 75%GET (MRT&lt;sub&gt;EXP&lt;/sub&gt;, 31 mL, MRT&lt;sub&gt;LIN&lt;/sub&gt;, -35 mL, MRT&lt;sub&gt;SS&lt;/sub&gt; 11 mL), 85%gas exchange threshold (MRT&lt;sub&gt;EXP&lt;/sub&gt; -14 mL, MRT&lt;sub&gt;LIN&lt;/sub&gt; -80 mL, MRT&lt;sub&gt;SS&lt;/sub&gt; -32 mL). At Δ15, predicted &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mover&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;V&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;˙&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mover&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; based on MRT&lt;sub&gt;EXP&lt;/sub&gt; was not different (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = .767) from the measured &lt;math&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mover&gt;&lt;mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;V&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;˙&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mover&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/math&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, but was different for MRT&lt;sub&gt;LIN&lt;/sub&gt; (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; .001) and MRT&lt;sub&gt;SS&lt;/sub&gt; (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = .03). &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; Given that the intensity is below gas exchange threshold, all model predictions implemented from t","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":" ","pages":"886-894"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141422369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship Between Individually Assessed High-Intensity Accelerations, High-Intensity Decelerations, Sprints, and Technical Performances During Soccer Matches: A Full Season Analysis.","authors":"Hugo Silva, Fábio Yuzo Nakamura, Gibson Praça, João Ribeiro, Rui Marcelino","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2353713","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2353713","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose:</b> This longitudinal study analyzed the relationship between players' physical (sprint distances, number of high-intensity accelerations and decelerations assessed with individual and relative thresholds) and technical (retrieved from SofaScore platform) performances during competition. <b>Methods:</b> Twenty elite players were monitored across a full season. Physical performances were monitored with GNSS devices, retrieving time (s), velocity (km.h^-1) and distance (m). Sprint distances were calculated as > 80% of the match peak speed registered across the season. High-intensity accelerations and decelerations were calculated as >75% of the peak values registered across the season. Pearson (<i>r</i>) correlations (with 95% confidence intervals) were calculated to assess the relationship among different physical performance variables and between the physical and technical performance variables. <b>Results:</b> Sprint distances correlated with the number of ball touches (<i>r =</i> -0.36 [-0.49, -0.23], <i>p</i> < .001), accurate passes (<i>r =</i> -0.45 [-0.56, -0.32], <i>p</i> < .001), and dribble attempts (<i>r =</i> 0.30 [0.16, 0.43], <i>p</i> < .001). If players touched the ball more frequently and pass the ball more accurately, they covered shorter sprint distances. However, if players attempted more dribbles, they covered longer sprint distances. <b>Conclusion:</b> Practitioners can develop tactical strategies considering the relationship between sprint distances and technical variables such as ball touches, accurate passes, and dribble attempts.</p>","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":" ","pages":"930-937"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141437925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anabolic/Catabolic Hormone Imbalance but Still Jumping Further? Negative Association of Free Testosterone With Jumping Performance in Elite Handball Players Following a Preparatory Period.","authors":"Kristina Drole, Primož Pori, Aleš Jerin, Aljaž Kren, Armin H Paravlic","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2353715","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2353715","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose:</b> The present study investigated the effects of a 10-week preparatory training period on biomarkers and jumping performance and associations of changes in biomarkers, load, and jumping performance from the beginning (PRE) to the end of the preparatory period (POST) in elite handball players. <b>Methods:</b> Seventeen elite handball players competing in the first Slovenian men's League were recruited. Training, competition and academic loads were reported weekly, while biomarkers and jumping performance were assessed at PRE and POST. <b>Results:</b> At POST, decreased levels of free testosterone (large effect size [ES] = -1.69, <i>p</i> < .001) and free testosterone to cortisol ratio [FTCR] (large ES = -.95, <i>p</i> = .004) were observed; whereas, better performance on the single leg lateral hop test [SLLH] (large ES = .85, <i>p</i> = .007) and single leg triple hop test [SLTH] (large ES = 1.05, <i>p</i> = .002) were observed compared to PRE. Furthermore, changes in FTCR correlated with changes in cortisol (high <i>r</i> = -.751, <i>p</i> = .001), SLLH (moderate <i>r</i> = -.603, <i>p</i> = .022), and SLTH (moderate <i>r</i> = -.643, <i>p</i> = .013), while changes in free testosterone correlated with SLTH (moderate <i>r</i> = -.645, <i>p</i> = .013). <b>Conclusions:</b> High intensity trainings with a saturated competition schedule can result in disturbed anabolic/catabolic hormone ratio observed through FTCR decrease, which could indicate either an optimal state or early exhaustiveness. It seems that SLLH and SLTH are more sensitive to changes in biomarkers than a single leg hop test. Sport professionals may use the results for individualized monitoring of an athlete's health and performance, specifically, as an aid for adjusting training loads accordingly to prevent performance declines and potential injury/illness events.</p>","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":" ","pages":"938-944"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141474173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dose-Response Effects on LBP, Sleep, and Depression of Online Pre-Partum and Post-Partum Pilates-Based Programs.","authors":"A Manca, M Meloni, L Ventura, G Consoli, S Fenu, G Mura, F Deriu, L Cugusi","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2340047","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2340047","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose:</b> Pilates-based programs can help pregnant women deal with the physical and psychological burden derived by major changes in their body. This study was designed to primarily test, in pregnant women, the dose-response and health effects of both pre-partum and post-partum, online Pilates-based program on weight control, low back pain (LBP) severity, sleep disturbances, mood and depression levels. <b>Methods:</b> A total of 136 pregnant women were screened for eligibility (low-risk pregnancy; aged 18-45 years; single pregnancy; 20-28-week gestational age, normal BMI). Participants completed an online Pilates-based program during pregnancy and after delivery, through an online platform guided by a Pilates, Yoga and Lagree certified instructor. Main outcomes (weight control, LBP disability, sleep quality, mood, and mental health) were assessed at baseline and at the completion of pre- and post-partum programs. <b>Results:</b> Regarding pre-partum, significant gains in weight were observed only in low- and intermediate-amount exercisers. Only high-amount exercisers did not display significant increase in LBP-related disability (+42.7%; <i>p</i> = .21) unlike low (+12.2%; <i>p</i> < .0001) and intermediate exercisers (+9.6%; <i>p</i> < .0001). Sleep disturbances increased significantly in low- (+24.3%; <i>p</i> = .005) but not in intermediate- (+4.6%; <i>p</i> = .50) and high-amount exercisers (-0.1%; <i>p</i> = .91). Regardless of the amount of exercise, depression scores improved in all groups. Following post-partum intervention (<i>n</i> = 40), only intermediate-amount exercisers showed significant reductions in sleep disturbances (-24.1%; <i>p</i> = .003) and depression (15.9%; <i>p</i> = .04). <b>Conclusions:</b> Approximately 270 min/week of an online Pilates-based program were needed to prevent LBP worsening, and sleep deterioration in pregnant women. A different pattern was outlined for those women resuming the Pilates-based intervention at post-partum, with 150 min/week emerging as the \"dose\" of exercise capable of inducing the largest improvements in LBP, sleep, and mood disturbances.</p>","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":" ","pages":"853-862"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141249283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-Education of Skill: Assessment of Overhand Throwing Using Product- and Process-Oriented Assessment.","authors":"Genc Dapi, Daniel J Cleather, Maeve Murray","doi":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2347990","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02701367.2024.2347990","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Purpose</b>: The aims of the present study were to: (1) investigate the magnitude and direction of the cross-education effect in a unilateral sport skill (overhand throw) and (2) to establish which practice condition (dominant hand only or alternating hands) would yield the best results. <b>Methods</b>: The study involved three experimental groups of 11-year-old children (<i>n</i> = 59). The first group (<i>n</i> = 20) used only the dominant hand to throw the ball. The second group (<i>n</i> = 19) used the nondominant hand only, while the third (<i>n</i> = 20) alternated hands for each throw. A pre- and post-testing of both hands preceded and followed the intervention period. <b>Results</b>: The results of our study revealed no asymmetry in cross-education effect between the limbs for children's overhand ball throwing. It was also shown that training both hands is superior to training the dominant hand alone. <b>Conclusion</b>: Our findings would be of particular interest to physical education teachers and coaches of unilateral sports who are advised to review their unilateral skill teaching methods as bilateral training offers a superior approach to augmenting the process of motor learning and performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":94191,"journal":{"name":"Research quarterly for exercise and sport","volume":" ","pages":"910-919"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141437924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}