Ischemic Preconditioning Reduces Concentric Fatigue Index, Improves in O₂ Saturation Post Exercise at Low Velocities, and Increases Work Output at High Velocities.

Abstract

Purpose: Pursuing athletic performance optimization has driven interest in ischemic preconditioning (IPC) techniques. IPC, involving limb occlusion and reperfusion cycles, has shown promise due to its noninvasive nature and ease of application. This study aimed to analyze whether IPC can positively affect isokinetic elbow flexion testing at different speeds assessed by electromyographic (EMG) and variables such as nitric oxide (NO), heart rate (HR), and oximetry. Methods: Thirteen trained men (23.8 ± 2.7 years, 88.6 ± 14.5 kg, 178 ± 0.9 cm, 27.7 ± 3.1 kg/m² body mass index) underwent isokinetic elbow flexion testing at 60°/s and 180°/s under IPC (3 cycles of 5 min at 220 mmHg - 5 min of reperfusion at 0 mmHg) and control conditions. Results: IPC significantly increased total work at 180°/s (4589.6 ± 1828.0 J vs. 3587.8 ± 1277.0 J, p = .01; ES = 0.59) and reduced the concentric fatigue index at both 60°/s and 180°/s (according to the smallest worthwhile change (SWC)). At 60°/s, post-exercise oxygen saturation improved significantly (p < .01). No differences were observed in torque, mean power, EMG, or nitric oxide levels (p > .01). Conclusion: IPC enhanced total work at 180°/s and reduces concentric fatigue index at both speeds. No differences were found in EMG activity, may suggest that IPC effects may relate more to peripheral than neuromuscular mechanisms. These findings suggest IPC is a viable strategy to optimize strength and recovery, particularly in speed-dependent movements.