Canadian respiratory journal最新文献

{"title":"Systemic Inflammatory Response Index Has a Value for the Early Diagnosis and Short-Term Prognostic Assessment of Severe Pneumonia in the Elderly.","authors":"Xiao Xu, Huajuan Xu, Ming Li, Shuying Yan, Huilin Chen","doi":"10.1155/carj/6968736","DOIUrl":"10.1155/carj/6968736","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article probed the value of systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI) in the early diagnosis and short-term prognostic assessment of severe pneumonia (SPM) in the elderly. First, 266 elderly patients with pneumonia were retrospectively included and allocated into SPM and N-SPM groups as per APACHE-II scores. Correlations of SIRI with APACHE-II scores, CRP, and PCT were analyzed. Patients were followed up for 28 days, and SPM patients were allocated into death and survival groups based on survival status. The values of SIRI for early diagnosis and short-term prognostic assessment of elderly SPM patients were evaluated. Influencing factors for short-term death in elderly SPM patients were screened. SIRI levels were high in elderly SPM patients and were positively correlated with APACHE II scores and CRP and PCT levels. SIRI had a high predictive value for the occurrence (AUC = 0.843) and 28-day survival (AUC = 0.806) of SPM. High SIRI levels elevated the risk of 28-day mortality in elderly SPM patients. APACHE II scores (HR = 1.125) and SIRI (HR = 1.977) were independent risk factors for short-term death in elderly SPM patients. Overall, SIRI has a certain value for the early diagnosis and prognostic assessment of elderly SPM patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":9416,"journal":{"name":"Canadian respiratory journal","volume":"2026 ","pages":"6968736"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12774799/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145932380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Mechanical Ventilation vs. High-Frequency Percussive Ventilation.","authors":"Daniel Sagan, Carol Parise, Imran Mohammed, Amandeep Mann, Mehreen Mohammed, Abdullah Alismail","doi":"10.1155/carj/5796675","DOIUrl":"10.1155/carj/5796675","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Studies that investigate the use of high-frequency percussive ventilation (HFPV) are scarce and outdated. HFPV is being used in some facilities primarily as a salvage modality on patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) when a conventional mechanical ventilator has failed to improve outcomes. There still are arguments whether HFPV is an effective ventilation strategy for adult patients with ARDS.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare pulmonary gas exchange, as measured by arterial blood gas (ABG) values, between patients with ARDS who were transitioned from conventional mechanical ventilation to HFPV and those who remained on conventional mechanical ventilation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective study between 2016 and 2022. Data was extracted and analyzed from electronic medical records (EMRs) of ARDS patients. ABG results were analyzed from 12 to 2 h before, and 30 min, 2, 12, and 24 h after the initiation of conventional and HFPV. Continuous mandatory ventilation (CMV) settings were compared over 12 and 2 h before the initiation of HFPV and 2, 12, and 24 h after.</p><p><strong>Measurements and main results: </strong>A total of N = 351 cases were evaluated for this study (n1 = 194 in the CMV group and n2 = 157 in the HFPV group). Patients in the HFPV group had a lower mean baseline pH (7.25 vs. 7.34, p = <0.001) and higher PaCO₂ (56.7 vs. 40.3 mmHg, p = <0.001) when compared to the CMV group. pH has increased and PaCO₂ decreased quickly once HFPV was initiated. The mean baseline PaO₂ was comparative (61.7 vs. 67.4 mmHg, p = 0.21) but the HFPV group had a more rapid and higher improvement compared to the CMV group (121.5 vs. 86.6, p = <0.001). Similarly, there was a significant improvement in the PF ratio after 12 h on HFPV (160.7 vs. 139.7, p = 0.03).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Results show that HFPV can effectively be used for adult ARDS as a salvage modality when a patient's ABG has become refractory to conventional mechanical ventilation.</p>","PeriodicalId":9416,"journal":{"name":"Canadian respiratory journal","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e5796675"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13411296/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148599440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Prospective, Multicenter Study Investigating the Effectiveness of an Oscillating Positive Expiratory Pressure (OPEP) Device in COPD Patients in Québec, Canada.","authors":"Claude Poirier, Pierre-Alexandre Ménard, Romina Tate Gemelli, Marie-Claude Dupont, Sheila Wang, Jason Suggett","doi":"10.1155/carj/2033683","DOIUrl":"10.1155/carj/2033683","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Rationale: </strong>Clinical benefits of oscillating positive expiratory pressure (OPEP) devices have been previously demonstrated in many respiratory diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study aimed to provide patient-reported outcomes of OPEP treatment in COPD patients in Québec, Canada.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Recruitment took place across 4 sites. Included patients had a COPD Assessment Test (CAT) score greater than 10 and a mucus score of 2 or greater. Aerobika^∗ OPEP (TMI) devices were provided, with instructions on usage and technique. CAT assessments were collected at baseline and 6 and 12 weeks. At the final visit, patients were asked whether they would continue to use the device and provided ratings on usability and satisfaction.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Data were analyzed from 46 patients. The average CAT score at 6 weeks was significantly lower than baseline (19.02 ± 6.59 vs. 23.65 ± 6.44, p < 0.00001), with 31/44 patients (70.5%) reaching the minimum clinically important difference (MCID). Scores decreased further at 12 weeks (16.15 ± 6.06), a significant improvement from 6 weeks (p = 0.0052). MCID was reached by 39/44 patients (84.8%) after 12 weeks of treatment. Average 6 and 12 week mucus scores (2.59 ± 1.02 and 2.28 ± 1.13, respectively) were both significantly lower than baseline (3.63 ± 0.97; p < 0.00001 at 6 and 12 weeks). Regarding device feedback, 43/44 patients (97.7%) would continue using the device. The proportion of patients that provided 4/5 or 5/5 satisfaction ratings was 40/45 (88.9%), 43/45 (95.6%), and 40/45 (88.9%) for ease of use, quality, and overall satisfaction, respectively. No device-related adverse events were reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Statistically significant clinical improvements were observed with OPEP therapy. This study supports the use of the Aerobika^∗ OPEP in conjunction with standard of care in COPD patients to manage symptoms and enhance quality of life. Patient feedback shows high levels of acceptance and perceived value of the device.</p>","PeriodicalId":9416,"journal":{"name":"Canadian respiratory journal","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e2033683"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13244663/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148197307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Prognostic Significance of Advanced Lung Cancer Inflammation Index in Patients With Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Using Noninvasive Ventilatory Support.","authors":"Sijie Liu, Wei Sun, Liming Zhang, Jing Wang","doi":"10.1155/carj/2347497","DOIUrl":"10.1155/carj/2347497","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI) is an important characteristic of cancer and other diseases. This retrospective study aimed to explore the prognostic value of the ALI in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) using noninvasive ventilation (NIV).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a retrospective cohort study. A nonrandom sampling method was employed to collect the inpatients diagnosed with AECOPD and used noninvasive ventilators in the Department of Respiratory and Critical Medicine, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, affiliated with Capital Medical University, from January 2017 to December 2022. Participants were categorized into a success group (NIV-S) and a failure group (NIV-F) based on the outcome of their noninvasive ventilator use in hospitals. The laboratory indices of both groups were compared. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the risk factors influencing patient prognosis when using noninvasive ventilators, and the subject working a characteristic curve was employed to assess the predictive power of associated risk factors for the failure of noninvasive ventilators.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 137 patients suffering from AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure were included, including 117 cases in the NIV successful group (NIV-S, 85.4%) and 20 cases in the NIV failed group (NIV-F, 14.6%). The arterial blood carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2), fibrinogen, and urea nitrogen in the NIV-S were lower. At the same time, the total protein, albumin, body mass index (BMI), and ALI were higher than those in the NIV-F. Moreover, our data revealed that ALI could be considered a reliable biomarker for predicting NIV-F (AUC: 0.822 and 95% CI: 0.710-0.934). The ALI group, along with an OR of 12.206 (95% CI: 3.086-48.279; p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Low ALI is associated with NIV-F in patients with AECOPD and is a practical and valuable tool for prognostic assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":9416,"journal":{"name":"Canadian respiratory journal","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e2347497"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13329828/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148374550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cortex Mori Radicis Mitigates Inflammation and Fibrosis in Pulmonary Fibrosis Through PI3K/AKT Pathway Suppression.","authors":"Tianxiang Qi, Bingfeng Ma, Yuanyuan Peng, Yafeng Liu, Jianqiang Guo, Xingyu Yang, Xuansheng Ding, Dingfei Ren, Dong Hu","doi":"10.1155/carj/8459298","DOIUrl":"10.1155/carj/8459298","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Early in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis (PF), there are multiple inflammatory cell infiltrations in the damaged lung tissue. When lung injury persists, inflammatory cytokines prompt local fibroblasts migration and hyperproliferation, triggering abnormal deposition of extracellular matrix in the lung interstitium. This excessive repair leads to interstitial cell reorganization, triggering lung tissue fibrosis and further activation of inflammatory cells. Therefore, modulation of inflammatory mediators is of great significance in the treatment and prevention in the process of fibrosis. Cortex Mori Radicis (CMR) is a traditional Chinese herb with anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic properties. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of CMR on bleomycin-induced PF using in vivo and in vitro models. In vivo experiments showed that CMR treatment significantly reduced inflammation, attenuated fibrosis, and alleviated lung function decline. In vitro, CMR inhibited migration, proliferation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in A549 lung epithelial cells. Network pharmacological analysis identified 25 bioactive components and 10 key therapeutic targets in CMR, with the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway emerging as the core regulatory mechanism. Subsequent in vivo validation confirmed that CMR could inhibit the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. In conclusion, CMR exerts protective effects against PF by modulating the PI3K/AKT pathway, thereby attenuating inflammation and fibrotic remodeling. This study provides both pharmacodynamic evidence and mechanistic insight supporting the clinical potential of CMR and underscores the advantages of multitargeted intervention strategies offered by traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of PF.</p>","PeriodicalId":9416,"journal":{"name":"Canadian respiratory journal","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e8459298"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13310380/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148337872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Insights Into Pathogen Spectrum and Mixed Microbial Detection in Critically Ill Patients With Pulmonary Infection Using Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing.","authors":"Hui Zhang, Lin Yang, Zhao Zhao, Li Zhao, Shujuan Zhang, Xiaozhi Jiang, Fengdan Liu, Jin Wu, Lili Du, Guannan Ma, Peili Chen","doi":"10.1155/carj/8288339","DOIUrl":"10.1155/carj/8288339","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pulmonary infections are common and potentially life-threatening in critically ill patients. Conventional microbiological tests (CMTs) often show limited sensitivity, particularly in the setting of prior antimicrobial exposure. Targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) has emerged as an alternative approach for broad pathogen detection; however, data describing pathogen spectrum, mixed infection patterns, and diagnostic performance in critically ill populations remain limited.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included 217 critically ill patients with suspected pulmonary infection who underwent tNGS testing of respiratory specimens. Baseline clinical characteristics were summarized. The pathogen spectrum and mixed detection patterns identified by tNGS were analyzed, including mixed microbial codetection. Diagnostic performance of tNGS was compared with that of CMTs using clinical diagnosis as the reference standard. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, agreement indices, and McNemar's test were applied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>tNGS detected at least one microorganism in 208 of 217 patients, yielding a significantly higher overall detection rate than CMTs. A broad spectrum of bacterial, viral, and fungal pathogens was identified, and mixed detections were common, frequently involving organisms from different pathogen categories. Co-occurrence network analysis highlighted recurrent patterns of mixed microbial detection in this cohort. Compared with CMTs, tNGS demonstrated substantially higher sensitivity and overall diagnostic accuracy, whereas conventional methods showed higher specificity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>tNGS provides a comprehensive overview of the pathogen spectrum and mixed detection patterns in critically ill patients with suspected pulmonary infection. Compared with CMTs, tNGS offers a markedly higher detection rate and sensitivity. However, careful clinical interpretation remains essential, particularly in the context of frequent mixed microbial detections, to ensure appropriate integration of sequencing results into clinical decision-making.</p>","PeriodicalId":9416,"journal":{"name":"Canadian respiratory journal","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e8288339"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13401062/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148583481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical Impact of HRCT UIP Pattern Among Patients With Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Undergoing Antifibrotic Treatment: A Multicenter Retrospective Observational Study.","authors":"Satoshi Nagaoka, Yu Hara, Hiroaki Fujii, Kota Murohashi, Ryo Nagasawa, Yoichi Tagami, Yusuke Saigusa, Tatsuji Enomoto, Yutaka Matsumoto, Makoto Masuda, Nobuyuki Horita, Masaki Yamamoto, Nobuaki Kobayashi, Takashi Ogura, Takeshi Kaneko, Makoto Kudo","doi":"10.1155/carj/3604892","DOIUrl":"10.1155/carj/3604892","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive fibrosing interstitial lung disease with a poor prognosis. Honeycombing on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is a defining feature of the usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern and has traditionally been considered a marker of advanced disease. However, in the era of antifibrotic treatment (AFT), the prognostic significance of the UIP pattern in IPF remains uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the association between HRCT UIP pattern and long-term prognosis in patients with IPF receiving AFT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective multicenter study investigated consecutive patients with IPF who initiated AFT between 2009 and 2019 at seven institutions in Japan. HRCT patterns were classified as UIP or non-UIP by multidisciplinary assessment. The primary outcome was IPF-related events, defined as IPF-related death or first acute exacerbation (AE) after initiating AFT. Event-free survival was analyzed using Kaplan-Meier methods with stratification by gender-age-physiology (GAP) stage. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to adjust for age, sex, GAP score, and antifibrotic agent.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 139 patients included, 99 had a UIP pattern, and 40 had a non-UIP pattern. In the overall cohort, event-free survival did not differ significantly. Stratified analyses showed no significant survival difference between UIP and non-UIP patterns among GAP Stage I patients (median survival time [MST]: 2050 vs. 1104 days; p = 0.90). Similarly, among patients with GAP Stages II-III, MST did not differ significantly. After PSM, 34 matched pairs were analyzed, and no significant differences in event-free survival were observed between UIP and non-UIP patterns.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In patients with IPF treated with AFT, the radiological UIP pattern on HRCT was not independently associated with long-term prognosis. Multidimensional risk assessment incorporating physiological impairment and disease behavior may provide more accurate prognostic stratification in treated UIP populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":9416,"journal":{"name":"Canadian respiratory journal","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e3604892"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13563058/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148928944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computed Tomography-Based Evaluation of Airway Remodeling for Distinguishing Asthma-Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Overlap From Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.","authors":"Mei-Cheng Chen, Yang-Li Liu, Feng-Jia Chen, Wei Liang, Wei-Wei Deng, Ling Ma, Yu-Biao Guo, Shi-Ting Feng, Ying Zhu","doi":"10.1155/carj/4348540","DOIUrl":"10.1155/carj/4348540","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We aimed to explore the practicality of CT imaging for diagnosing asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) overlap syndrome (ACO).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A total of 339 patients, including asthma, COPD, and ACO, were retrospectively collected from our hospital from February 2014 to October 2020. Airway and emphysema CT parameters were measured by image-analyzing software. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to select independent variables for building the diagnostic models.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Female gender, younger age, higher WA^1st/BSA (the mean wall area of the trachea and main bronchi), and lower WT^1st/BSA (the mean wall thickness of the trachea and main bronchi) were independently associated with a higher risk of developing ACO compared to COPD. Male gender, older age, lower inferior lobes mean density (MD), higher inferior lobes WA^2nd% (the mean wall area of the segmental bronchus), and lower superior lobes WA^2nd% were independently associated with a higher risk of developing ACO compared to asthma. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) of the two differential diagnostic models for ACO was 0.736 and 0.826, respectively. The calibration curve represented good consistency between the predictions by the models and the actual observations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The proposed models can serve as noninvasive tools to diagnose ACO from COPD and asthma. This study highlights the value of CT in evaluating airway remodeling features and holds promise for clinical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":9416,"journal":{"name":"Canadian respiratory journal","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e4348540"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13239247/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148101081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic Effects of Erythromycin and Budesonide on the Mitigation of Tracheal Stenosis Associated With Macrophage Phenotype Alteration and HDAC2 Upregulation.","authors":"Jinghua Gan, Guangnan Liu","doi":"10.1155/carj/8760537","DOIUrl":"10.1155/carj/8760537","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We investigated the therapeutic effects of combined erythromycin and budesonide treatment on tracheal stenosis (TS) and the associated changes in macrophage-related markers and HDAC2 expression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A rabbit model of TS was established by mechanical scraping of the tracheal inner wall, and the animals were then treated with erythromycin, budesonide, or their combination. Treatment effects were evaluated through histological analysis. We quantified the mRNA expression of M1 and M2 macrophage markers using quantitative PCR and assessed the protein expression of histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) by western blotting. RAW264.7 cells were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide or interleukin-4, and macrophage phenotypic changes after erythromycin and budesonide treatment were assessed by flow cytometry. M1/M2 macrophages were co-cultured with fibroblasts, and alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression was detected by immunofluorescence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The rabbit TS model exhibited TS characterized by significant thickening of the tracheal mucosa and submucosa. These histological changes were ameliorated in the treatment groups, with the greatest improvement observed in the combination therapy group. The mRNA expression levels of iNOS, CD206, CD163, and Arg1, as well as the protein expression of HDAC2, were elevated in treated groups. In vitro, erythromycin combined with budesonide altered macrophage phenotypic distribution, with the M2/M1 ratio shifting toward 1.0. Additionally, fibroblast α-SMA expression varied according to macrophage phenotype in the co-culture system.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Erythromycin combined with budesonide effectively ameliorated injury-induced TS and was associated with changes in macrophage-related markers and increased HDAC2 expression.</p>","PeriodicalId":9416,"journal":{"name":"Canadian respiratory journal","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e8760537"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13290664/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148307131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathogen Profile of Pediatric Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Wuhan, 2023: A BALF-Based Study.","authors":"Zhongjian Wang, Yi Gan, Miao Wang, Yunyang Hu, Yabin Wu, Ying Cheng, Tao Huang, Danna Tu, Junhua Shu, Xiaoqin Zhou","doi":"10.1155/carj/8872950","DOIUrl":"10.1155/carj/8872950","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To analyze the distribution characteristics of pathogens in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of children with community-acquired pneumonia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrospectively analyzed the etiological data of 1526 children diagnosed and treated at the Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province from January 1, 2023, to December 31, 2023.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pathogens were detected in 1524 of the 1526 children (99.9%). The five most frequently identified pathogens were Mycoplasma pneumoniae, rhinovirus, Epstein‒Barr virus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and human bocavirus. The overall mixed infection rate was 62%. Epstein‒Barr virus, rhinovirus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, human bocavirus, and Haemophilus influenzae were the most common co-infections of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Staphylococcus aureus and Pneumocystis jirovecii infections were more common in males than in females. Human bocavirus, parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, Cytomegalovirus, Pneumocystis jirovecii, and WU polyomavirus were more prevalent in infants and young children, and Epstein‒Barr virus was more common in preschool-aged and school-aged children. More than half (51.6%) of the Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections occurred in autumn. Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, human parainfluenza virus, and Cytomegalovirus were more common in spring and summer, and influenza B virus and adenovirus were more common in autumn and winter. Respiratory syncytial virus, influenza A virus, and Fusobacterium nucleatum were more common in winter and spring. Enteroviruses were more prevalent in summer and autumn.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The positive rate of pathogen detection in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was extremely high. Most patients presented with mixed infections, and the distribution of some pathogens varied by sex, age, and season.</p>","PeriodicalId":9416,"journal":{"name":"Canadian respiratory journal","volume":"2026 1","pages":"e8872950"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13353079/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148419039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}