Paediatric & neonatal pain最新文献

{"title":"A Bibliometric Analysis of Publications on the Prevalence of Chronic Pain in Children and Adolescents From 2009 to 2023.","authors":"Justine Dol, Christine T Chambers, Jennifer A Parker, Perri R Tutelman, Brittany Cormier","doi":"10.1002/pne2.70013","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pne2.70013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bibliometric reviews explore patterns in publications in a given research area by exploring trends over time and the contributions by citations, such as relationships between authors and publications. Despite \"chronic pain\" being the second most common keyword in pain research, no bibliometric reviews have focused on publication trends related to the prevalence of chronic pain in children and adolescents. A bibliometric analysis was conducted with articles included in a systematic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence of pediatric chronic pain to identify the recent trajectory of the field and guide future directions. Publication bibliometrics data from the articles were extracted and analyzed (e.g., gender of authors, citation counts, and countries) and was visualized in VOSViewer. Among 119 studies, the number of publications per year ranged from 4 (2023) to 11 (2014, 2021) with an average of 8/year. Articles were cited on average 36.6 times (SD = 51.7, range 0-380) with 5058 unique citations. There were 74 different journals represented, with most publishing only 1 article (<i>n</i> = 52, 70%). Seventy countries were represented in prevalence data, 78% from high-income countries; fifteen (21.4%) had only one data point, primarily from low- and lower-middle income countries. There were 109 different corresponding authors, with only 1 corresponding author who had more than 2 published articles. There was relative gender equity in terms of first and corresponding author. There was little to no collaboration between author groups identified. Despite a steady number of articles published over the 14-year period, the literature on the prevalence of pediatric chronic pain appears fragmented with articles published in a wide variety of journals. Prevalence data from low- and lower-middle-income countries were under-represented. Future work should focus on expanding evidence in underrepresented areas and greater collaboration among research groups to collect prevalence data in geographical areas where data gaps exist.</p>","PeriodicalId":94166,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric & neonatal pain","volume":"7 3","pages":"e70013"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12360058/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144884706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nationwide Cross-Sectional Online Survey of Australian Clinicians' Pain Management Practices for Newborns During Heel Lance Procedures.","authors":"Sophie Jones, Nicole Pope, Margaret Broom, Jeanie Cheong, Erin Church, Melinda Cruz, Christine East, Jillian Francis, Jade Ferullo, Andree Gamble, Priya Govindaswamy, Philippa Grimston, Rebecca Hyde, Kylie Pussell, Kaye Spence, Alicia Spittle, Linda Sweet, Amy Tagliante Saracino, Susan Walker, Jacquie Whitelaw, Denise Harrison","doi":"10.1002/pne2.70010","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pne2.70010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The analgesic effects of breastfeeding (BF), skin-to-skin care (SSC), and oral sucrose/glucose for neonates during painful procedures are well-established. Although parents report wanting to comfort their babies during painful procedures, use of these strategies is inconsistent. This study investigated clinicians' support/use of BF, SSC and sucrose during newborn heel lance in Australia and perceptions of a clinician-targeted video demonstrating how to perform heel lance while newborns were BF/SSC. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted. Snowball sampling and distribution via partner organizations were used. Descriptive statistics and content analysis were used for quantitative and qualitative data, respectively. Respondents included 729 nurses, midwives, and phlebotomists, caring for healthy newborns (39%, <i>n</i> = 283); sick newborns (41% <i>n</i> = 300) and both sick and healthy newborns (20%, <i>n</i> = 146). Most respondents caring for healthy newborns were \"very likely\" to support BF (80%, <i>n</i> = 199) and SSC (65%, <i>n</i> = 162). Most (89%, <i>n</i> = 237) caring for sick newborns were \"very likely\" to use sucrose; one third \"very likely\" to support mothers to BF (29%, <i>n</i> = 78) and 32% (<i>n</i> = 85) to use SSC. Barriers to BF and SSC included parents being absent and critically ill newborns. Most considered the video applicable (81%, <i>n</i> = 488) and likely to increase BF or SSC (84%, <i>n</i> = 502). Analysis from comment data identified two categories: \"healthcare context and practice\" and \"parent and baby.\" The key findings that clinicians reported the video to be highly useful and that BF and SSC during heel lance for healthy newborns was high confirm that further research is needed to examine parents' use of BF and SSC during painful procedures.</p>","PeriodicalId":94166,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric & neonatal pain","volume":"7 3","pages":"e70010"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12227018/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144577476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Questionnaire Translation, Adaptation, and Co-Creation of the Swedish Version of the Fear of Pain Questionnaire Child Report Short Form.","authors":"Malin Lanzinger, Sophie Jörgensen, Marcelo Rivano Fischer, Laura E Simons, Jan Lexell","doi":"10.1002/pne2.70011","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pne2.70011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pain avoidant behavior is a predictive factor for reduced function in children with persistent pain. A model to explain this is the Fear-Avoidance Model of Pain (FAM). In FAM pain-related fear plays an important role in the development and maintenance of avoidant behavior. The Fear of Pain Questionnaire-Child Report Short Form (FOPQC-SF) was developed to assess pain-related fear in children 8 to 18 years old. Self-report questionnaires must be translated and adapted to the language and context where they will be used. The aim of this study was therefore to develop a Swedish version of the FOPQC-SF in collaboration with children. Translation and linguistic adaptation of the FOPQC-SF was performed using the dual-panel method in two steps. First, a bilingual panel created a first Swedish version of the questionnaire. This first version was then presented to a panel of five children without persistent pain and revised according to their feedback. Secondly, the translated and revised Swedish version of the FOPQC-SF was used for individual cognitive interviews with six children with persistent pain. The bilingual panel found the FOPQC-SF unproblematic to translate and consensus was easily achieved. Revisions were made regarding instructions, response options, item-wording and layout. The children also found the questionnaire acceptable and relevant. In conclusion, we consider the Swedish version of the FOPQC-SF to be a relevant and useful tool in research as well as in clinical practice to assess pain-related fear. Psychometric testing will provide further information about the tool's clinical usefulness.</p>","PeriodicalId":94166,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric & neonatal pain","volume":"7 3","pages":"e70011"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12227015/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144577477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Critical Evaluation of the COMFORTneo Scale's Validity and Applicability for Preterm Infants.","authors":"Erik Koning, Arend F Bos, Elisabeth M W Kooi, Alexander J de Tempe, Nienke H van Dokkum","doi":"10.1002/pne2.70009","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pne2.70009","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COMFORTneo scale is widely used to assess pain in infants, yet its validity for extremely preterm (EPT) infants (< 26 weeks' gestation) remains unclear. This study evaluated the scale's ability to distinguish pain in EPT versus PT infants (26-37 weeks' gestation). We performed a retrospective cohort study in a tertiary neonatology intensive care unit, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands. All infants were born before 37 weeks' gestation between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2022. The COMFORTneo scale's unidimensionality was assessed using the partial credit model, and its discriminatory ability between EPT and PT infants was evaluated through differential item functioning plots. Among 1021 infants, 106 were EPT. The COMFORTneo scale indicated unidimensionality for all preterm infants. However, in EPT infants, alertness and facial tension did not effectively discriminate between pain and no pain in ventilated infants, while agitation and muscle tone failed to discriminate in non-ventilated infants. While the COMFORTneo scale is unidimensional for preterm infants, the discriminatory ability of this scale between ventilated and non-ventilated EPT infants is limited.</p>","PeriodicalId":94166,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric & neonatal pain","volume":"7 3","pages":"e70009"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12224991/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144577464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The EVENDOL Pain Scale Validation for Acute Non-Procedural Neonatal Pain in Term Neonates: Reliability and Validity in Maternity Wards.","authors":"Lucie Calamy, Elisabeth Fournier-Charrière, Patricia Martret, Patricia Cimerman, Claire Boithias, Thierry Debillon, Ricardo Carbajal, Bruno Falissard, Elizabeth Walter-Nicolet","doi":"10.1002/pne2.70008","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pne2.70008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The assessment of acute non-procedural pain in term neonates in maternity wards is challenging due to the difficulty in selecting an appropriate scale and the time-consuming nature of the process. This can lead to inadequate neonatal pain management. To validate the EValuation ENfant DOuLeur (EVENDOL) pain scale for acute non-procedural pain in term neonates in maternity units by comparing it with the Echelle Douleur et Inconfort du Nouveau-né (EDIN) used as a reference. We hypothesized that EVENDOL would be equivalent to EDIN in assessing acute non-procedural neonatal pain, with better appearance. Prospective multicentric non-interventional open study. Term neonates over 37 weeks' gestation in the delivery room and postnatal care units, with or without acute non-procedural pain, before and after analgesia. Cronbach's α coefficient, intraclass correlation (ICC), and correlation between EVENDOL and EDIN scores, documented by the researchers and the caregivers at rest and mobilization, before and after oral paracetamol, were measured. Ninety-one neonates were included: 48 (51%) had pain and 43 (47%) had no pain. Before analgesia, the Cronbach coefficient was above 0.80, the ICC (25th-75th interquartile ranges [IQ]) were 0.84 (0.77-0.89) and 0.90 (0.85-0.93) at rest and mobilization, respectively. Seventeen patients received oral acetaminophen and were re-assessed. Psychometric values remained good after analgesia (Cronbach coefficient above 0.80, ICC [IQ]: 0.65 [0.26-0.85] and 0.76 [0.45-0.91]) at rest and mobilization, respectively. The feasibility and ease of use were better for EVENDOL for researchers and caregivers. EVENDOL is suitable for the assessment of acute non-procedural neonatal pain for term neonates in the maternity wards. <b>Trial Registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02819076, registered in June 2016 as EVENDOL scale validation for at term newborn.</p>","PeriodicalId":94166,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric & neonatal pain","volume":"7 2","pages":"e70008"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12143344/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144251668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chest Pain in Children: Is It Another \"Growing Pain\"?","authors":"Mia Kassab, Abhay Katyal, Sonia Franciosi, Shubhayan Sanatani","doi":"10.1002/pne2.70003","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pne2.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chest pain is a common complaint among children that has a non-cardiac origin in 99% of pediatric cases. We conducted a literature review of the different proposed etiologies of pediatric chest pain, as well as the evidence base supporting current approaches. Among the non-cardiac causes of chest pain in children, musculoskeletal causes are reported to be the most prevalent. This includes precordial catch syndrome, Tietze's syndrome, and costochondritis. However, these origins of musculoskeletal chest pain were described historically, and their labels are likely applied too broadly. It is important that providers be able to differentiate between benign chest pain that truly has a musculoskeletal origin and that which lacks an identifiable cause. To determine the cause of chest pain, providers should take a detailed history, physical examination, electrocardiogram, and any additional indicated laboratory tests. Musculoskeletal chest pain should only be diagnosed if there is an objective finding of reproducible tenderness during the physical examination or if there is a plausible history. If no cause can be identified, the chest pain may be linked to somatization. As a result, these patients may benefit from psychiatric evaluation and mindfulness-based interventions. To better inform clinical care, providers should be aware of these emerging management approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":94166,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric & neonatal pain","volume":"7 1","pages":"e70003"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11933443/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143712605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Objective Detection of Newborn Infant Acute Procedural Pain Using EEG and Machine Learning Algorithms.","authors":"Jean-Michel Roué, Amir Avnit, Behnood Gholami, Wassim M Haddad, Kanwaljeet J S Anand","doi":"10.1002/pne2.70001","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pne2.70001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Observer-dependent infant pain scales have limitations including discontinuous assessments and the lack of healthcare professionals' availability. We hypothesized that applying agnostic machine learning approaches to neonatal electroencephalographic (EEG) analysis may reveal features of the infant response to acute pain. EEG was recorded from 30 neonates undergoing acutely painful procedures (18 males, 34.0-41.7 weeks gestation at birth). EEG recordings were randomly assigned to training (<i>n</i> = 20) and testing (<i>n</i> = 10) datasets. Functional connectivity measures were calculated for each infant before and after pain-inducing procedures. A grid search including five machine learning models was conducted on the training dataset, and each model was evaluated using leave-one-subject-out cross-validation. An optimal model, having the highest F-1 score, was obtained and evaluated on the independent testing dataset. A gradient boosting model with 12 features showed optimal performance, with 90% area under the receiver operating characteristic curve suggesting high specificity (0.90) and precision (0.90). The five highest ranked features corresponded to EEG electrode pairs: T7-P4, Fz-CP5, FC1-TP10, CP6-Cz, and Fz-F3, suggesting involvement of the contralateral temporal gyrus, opercular cortex, thalamus, and bilateral insula in infant pain processing. Preliminary changes in functional connectivity indicate infant pain processing. Future machine learning algorithms can integrate physiological and behavioral parameters with EEG changes to accurately assess the complexity of infant pain responses. <b>Trial Registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03330496.</p>","PeriodicalId":94166,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric & neonatal pain","volume":"7 1","pages":"e70001"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11891568/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143598377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improved Post-Operative Outcomes and Reduced Narcotic Use With ERAS Protocol in a Pediatric Ambulatory Surgery Setting.","authors":"Niharika Singh, Jane Ahn, Xin Chen, Sherwin Park, Sunitha Singh, Stefanie Cardamone, Rachel Davis, Helen Hsieh, Robert P Moore","doi":"10.1002/pne2.70004","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pne2.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Compared to the adult literature, there are few enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols standardized in the pediatric population. The objective of the current study is to determine if the implementation of an ERAS protocol would improve patient outcomes in the ambulatory pediatric urologic population. A retrospective analysis was performed on pediatric patients who underwent urologic procedures (circumcision, orchiopexy, hypospadias correction, and urethroplasty) in the ambulatory surgical setting affiliated with a tertiary pediatric hospital. Outcomes measured include opioid use, home pain control, time in recovery, need for rescue pain medications, and adverse events between pediatric patients receiving standard of care (<i>n</i> = 30) and pediatric patients receiving the ERAS protocol (<i>n</i> = 29). The application of the ERAS pathway led to significantly increased opioid-free care (7% vs. 43%, <i>p</i> < 0.01). There was a reduction in the cost of care, a trend toward reduced opioid use, a trend toward reduced PACU stays for ERAS patients, and families of ERAS patients reported a 100% rate of well-controlled pain at home. These changes occurred without any increased need for rescue pain medications (16% vs. 13%, <i>p</i> = 1) or any change in adverse events (0% vs. 0%, <i>p</i> = 1.0). Postoperative pain measures are improved in pediatric patients receiving the ERAS protocol in an ambulatory surgery setting when compared to patients receiving the standard of care, without an increased risk of adverse events or the need for rescue analgesia. Therefore, this work serves as a proof of concept that ERAS protocols can improve postoperative outcomes in the pediatric ambulatory surgical population.</p>","PeriodicalId":94166,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric & neonatal pain","volume":"7 1","pages":"e70004"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11891489/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143598369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring children's preferences for graphic symbols to represent pain-related words.","authors":"Ensa Johnson, Nina Swanepoel, Gunilla Thunberg","doi":"10.1002/pne2.12128","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pne2.12128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Children who are hospitalized may sometimes not be able to communicate verbally to self-report their pain or other symptoms due to medical conditions, medical interventions, or communication difficulties. As such, these children may need other means, such as augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) strategies, in this case, graphic symbols, to express their pain-related experiences and receive applicable treatment. Choosing suitable graphic symbols to represent pain-related words contributes to the effective use and implementation of visual support. This study explored the preferences of 6.0-9.11-year-old (years; months) children with typical development regarding graphic symbols to represent pain-related words. These symbols were selected from two commonly used and widespread symbol resources: Picture Communication Symbols (PCS®) and Aragonese Portal of Augmentative and Alternative Communication (ARASAAC) symbols. A descriptive, quantitative study design was employed, including a total of 30 typically developed South African children. Data were collected by means of an electronic questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Probability values were determined and predictions, as well as inferences, were implemented. The results showed that the children preferred ARASAAC symbols to represent most pain-related words (<i>p</i> < 0.001). It is important to consider stakeholders' (in this case, children's) input on their preferences in designing communication support to enable participation during the clinical decision-making process.</p>","PeriodicalId":94166,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric & neonatal pain","volume":"6 4","pages":"174-193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11645971/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142831532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prolonged magnesium sulfate infusion as adjuvant analgesia in postoperative transplant patients in the pediatric ICU: Preliminary results of a feasibility study.","authors":"Joseph C Resch, Shelby Graf, Ranad Ghalban, Srinath Chinnakotla, Gwenyth Fischer","doi":"10.1002/pne2.12131","DOIUrl":"10.1002/pne2.12131","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The opioid crisis has emphasized identification of opioid-sparing analgesics. This study was designed as a prospective trial with retrospective control group to determine feasibility for implementing a high-dose prolonged magnesium sulfate infusion for adjuvant analgesia in the pediatric intensive care unit. Approval was granted for study of children receiving total pancreatectomy with islet cell autotransplantation and liver transplantation ages 3-18 years. Study exclusions were pregnancy, neuromuscular disease, hypersensitivity, preoperative creatinine >1.5 times upper limit normal, arrhythmia or pacemaker presence, and clinician concern. Eleven patients were enrolled between January 2020 and December 2022. Magnesium sulfate bolus (50 mg/kg) followed by intravenous infusion (15 mg/kg/h) was initiated in the operating room and extended postoperatively (maximum 48 h). Serum magnesium levels were monitored serially. To prioritize safety, infusion dose was decreased by 5 mg/kg/h for levels greater than 3.5 mg/dL. Clinical team otherwise followed standard multimodal pain practice. Primary outcome was oral morphine equivalent per kg per day during intensive care course (maximum 7 days). Secondary outcomes focused primarily on magnesium safety, including hemodynamic variables, electrolyte variables, respiratory support, and opioid-related side effects. There were no serious adverse events. Treatment group trended toward slightly higher intravenous fluid requirement (~1 bolus), however no increase in blood product. Treatment and control groups were otherwise comparable in targeted outcomes and overall adverse event profile. Use of a high-dose magnesium sulfate infusion protocol for analgesic postoperative use in select transplant recipients appears feasible for continued optimization of study in the PICU.</p>","PeriodicalId":94166,"journal":{"name":"Paediatric & neonatal pain","volume":"6 4","pages":"203-212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11645970/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142831533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}