Neurorehabilitation and neural repair最新文献

{"title":"Predicting Long-Term Outcome of Prolonged Disorder of Consciousness in Children Through Machine Learning Based on Conventional Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging.","authors":"Helin Zheng, Shuang Ding, Ningning Chen, Zhongxin Huang, Lu Tian, Hao Li, Longlun Wang, Tingsong Li, Jinhua Cai","doi":"10.1177/15459683241287187","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15459683241287187","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The prognosis of prolonged disorders of consciousness (pDoC) in children has consistently posed a formidable challenge in clinical decision-making.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to develop a machine learning (ML) model based on conventional structural magnetic resonance imaging (csMRI) to predict outcomes in children with pDoC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 196 children with pDoC were included in this study. Based on the consciousness states 1 year after brain injury, the children were categorized into either the favorable prognosis group or the poor prognosis group. They were then randomly assigned to the training set (n = 138) or the test set (n = 58). Semi-quantitative visual assessments of brain csMRI were conducted and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator regression was used to identify significant features predicting outcomes. Based on the selected features, support vector machine (SVM), random forests (RF), and logistic regression (LR) were used to develop csMRI, clinical, and csMRI-clinical-merge models, respectively. Finally, the performances of all models were evaluated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven csMRI features and 4 clinical features were identified as important predictors of consciousness recovery. All models achieved satisfactory prognostic performances (all areas under the curve [AUCs] >0.70). Notably, the csMRI model developed using the SVM exhibited the best performance, with an AUC, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of 0.851, 0.845, 0.844, and 0.846, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A csMRI-based prediction model for the prognosis of children with pDoC was developed, showing potential to predict recovery of consciousness 1 year after brain injury and is worth popularizing in clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":94158,"journal":{"name":"Neurorehabilitation and neural repair","volume":" ","pages":"91-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142335375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discordance Between Balance Ability and Perception Is Associated With Falls in Parkinson's Disease: A Coordinated Analysis.","authors":"Jason K Longhurst, Andrew Hooyman, Merrill R Landers, Martina Mancini, Erika Franzén, Breiffni Leavy, Hanna Johansson, Daniel Peterson","doi":"10.1177/15459683241300456","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15459683241300456","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The congruence or discordance between actual and perceived balance ability has been proposed to be linked to functional outcomes such as falls. However, gaps remain in our ability to quantify discordance, and its relationship to relevant outcomes.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate a novel quantification of concordance/discordance between balance performance and perception and determine the relationship to falls among people with Parkinson's disease (PwPD).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data from 244 PwPD were aggregated from 5 previously conducted studies. Variables extracted included age, sex, Activities-Specific Balance Confidence scale (ABC; perceived balance), Timed Up and Go (TUG; balance performance), Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) part III scores, and retrospective falls (6- or 12-month). Data validation between studies was established. Discordance was quantified as the difference between an individual's predicted ABC, based upon their TUG score, to their reported ABC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two methods for calculating discordance were tested: simple linear regression and segmented regression. As there were no differences between the bootstrap distributions of both approaches (<i>P</i> = .520), simple linear regression was utilized for the subsequent logistic regression model. Discordance was the only statistically significant predictor of fall status (OR = 0.98, <i>P</i> = .003), after controlling for age, MDS-UPDRS part III, sex, and TUG. The inclusion of discordance in the logistic regression model boosted the predictive accuracy by 58%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Discordance between actual and perceived balance was uniquely related to retrospective fall history among PwPD. Clinicians and researchers should consider discordance between actual and perceived balance as a potentially modifiable target to minimize falls.</p>","PeriodicalId":94158,"journal":{"name":"Neurorehabilitation and neural repair","volume":" ","pages":"114-125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11850210/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142735410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationships Between Cognitive Impairments and Motor Learning After Stroke: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Caroline M Rajda, Katrina Desabrais, Mindy F Levin","doi":"10.1177/15459683241300458","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15459683241300458","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Stroke is one of the leading causes of chronic disability worldwide. Sensorimotor recovery relies on principles of motor learning for the improvement of movement and sensorimotor function after stroke. Motor learning engages several cognitive processes to effectively learn and retain new motor skills. However, cognitive impairments are common and often coexist with motor impairments after stroke. The specific relationships between poststroke cognitive impairments and motor learning have not been determined.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To summarize the existing evidence related to cognitive impairments and motor learning after stroke. Specific goals were to determine: (1) how motor learning is studied in individuals with poststroke cognitive impairments; (2) how cognitive impairments are assessed; (3) which cognitive domains impact motor learning.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Over 400 studies were screened for specific inclusion criteria and 19 studies that related poststroke cognitive impairments to motor learning were included. Studies used a wide variety of experimental designs, sample sizes, and measures for cognitive evaluation. Cognitive impairments impacting motor improvement and learning capacity after stroke were reported in all but 4 studies. The most common domains impacting motor learning were attention, executive function, and memory.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Detailed cognitive assessments, retention testing, and a combination of clinical and kinematic outcomes are recommended for future studies. The presence of specific cognitive impairments measured with sensitive instruments should be considered when designing effective training interventions for patients with stroke to maximize sensorimotor recovery.</p>","PeriodicalId":94158,"journal":{"name":"Neurorehabilitation and neural repair","volume":" ","pages":"142-156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11849258/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142741804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Use of Extrinsic Performance Feedback and Reward to Enhance Upper Limb Motor Behavior and Recovery Post-Stroke: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Dimitrios J Palidis, Zoe Gardiner, Amelia Stephenson, Kevin Zhang, Jill Boruff, Lesley K Fellows","doi":"10.1177/15459683241298262","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15459683241298262","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>During post-stroke motor rehabilitation, patients often receive feedback from therapists or via rehabilitation technologies. Research suggests that feedback may benefit motor performance, skill acquisition, and action selection. However, there is no consensus on how extrinsic feedback should be implemented during stroke rehabilitation to best leverage specific neurobehavioral mechanisms to optimize recovery.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify the existing evidence and research gaps regarding the effects of extrinsic feedback on upper extremity motor function in stroke survivors, and to map the evidence onto neurobehavioral concepts of motor performance, motor learning, and action selection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The MEDLINE, PsychInfo, EMBASE, and CINHAL databases were searched for relevant articles. A sequential screening process and data extraction were performed by 2 independent reviewers, and the results were reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 29 studies were identified that met the criteria for inclusion. Beneficial effects of feedback were reported for clinical outcomes of rehabilitation interventions as well as motor performance, motor learning, and action selection post-stroke. Three studies showed that the addition of rewarding elements to positive performance feedback benefited learning or recovery.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Extrinsic feedback has the potential to improve outcomes of stroke rehabilitation through effects on motor performance, motor learning, or action selection. To understand how these specific neurobehavioral processes contribute to recovery, clinical trials should include more granular behavioral measures. Rewarding feedback may be particularly beneficial, but more research is needed regarding the specific implementation of feedback.</p>","PeriodicalId":94158,"journal":{"name":"Neurorehabilitation and neural repair","volume":" ","pages":"157-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11849245/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142809003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to \"Tamplin J, Haines SJ, Baker FA, et al. ParkinSong Online: Feasibility of Telehealth Delivery and Remote Data Collection for a Therapeutic Group Singing Study in Parkinson's. Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair. 2024;38(2):122-133. doi:10.1177/15459683231219269\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/15459683241303582","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15459683241303582","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94158,"journal":{"name":"Neurorehabilitation and neural repair","volume":" ","pages":"174"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11880615/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142840578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplementary and Premotor Cortical Activation During Manual Dexterity Involving Motor Imagery in Multiple Sclerosis: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Study.","authors":"Shaked Sadot, Sapir Dreyer-Alster, Alon Kalron","doi":"10.1177/15459683241298260","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15459683241298260","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Investigating brain activation during motor imagery (MI) tasks in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) can increase the knowledge of the neural mechanisms underlying motor dysfunction in MS and, hopefully, aid in developing improved rehabilitation strategies.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate brain activation in the supplementary motor area and premotor cortex via functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) during a hand manipulation task, and comparing MI with actual practice (AP) in pwMS.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Each subject completed a sequence of 4 consecutive manual dexterity trials wearing an fNIRS device. The tasks included the following conditions: AP dominant hand, MI dominant hand, AP non-dominant hand, and MI non-dominant hand.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty pwMS (mean Expanded Disability Status Scale = 4.75 [3.0-6.5]) and 20 healthy controls (HC) participated in the study. According to the fNIRS timeline course, a similar increase (compared with baseline) was observed in the relative oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO) concentration during the MI and AP tasks, which was immediately followed by a decrease (for either hand) in the pwMS and the HC groups. A difference in the relative HbO concentration between the HC and pwMS was detected solely when the 2 groups mentally replicated the manual dexterity task movements in the MI condition (dominant hand). The increase was higher in the HC group (<i>P</i> = .030).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite exhibiting manual dexterity difficulties, pwMS demonstrated comparable neural activation patterns as the HCs during MI tasks in regions associated with motor planning and complex movement control, thus, suggesting that deficits in manual dexterity among pwMS may not solely originate from impairments in the motor planning processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":94158,"journal":{"name":"Neurorehabilitation and neural repair","volume":" ","pages":"102-113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142649837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Neglect on the Relationship Between Upper Limb Motor Function and Upper Limb Performance in the (Hyper)acute Poststroke Phase.","authors":"Janne M Veerbeek, Henrik Rühe, Beatrice Ottiger, Stephan Bohlhalter, Thomas Nyffeler, Dario Cazzoli","doi":"10.1177/15459683241304329","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15459683241304329","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Visuospatial neglect (VSN) is a negative, strong, and independent predictor of poor outcome after stroke, and is associated with poorer upper limb (UL) motor recovery in terms of function or capacity (ie, in standardized, lab-based testing). Although the main aim of stroke rehabilitation is to re-establish optimal functioning in daily life, the impact of VSN on UL performance (ie, in unstructured, everyday environments) is largely unknown. In this proof of principle study, the impact of VSN on the strength of the association between UL motor function (Jamar Hand Dynamometer) and UL performance (Upper Limb Lucerne ICF-based Multidisciplinary Observation Scale) was investigated in 65 (hyper)acute first-ever stroke patients. In a moderator analysis, the interaction term was negative and significant, showing that VSN suppresses the use of UL motor function in daily life (ie, performance). This finding suggests that, when considering UL performance in the (hyper)acute phase after stroke, interventions aimed to reduce deficits in both UL motor function and visuospatial function should already be started in the acute stroke unit setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":94158,"journal":{"name":"Neurorehabilitation and neural repair","volume":" ","pages":"138-141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142808999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reinforcement Learning is Impaired in the Sub-acute Post-stroke Period.","authors":"Meret Branscheidt, Alkis M Hadjiosif, Manuel A Anaya, Jennifer Keller, Mario Widmer, Keith D Runnalls, Andreas R Luft, Amy J Bastian, John W Krakauer, Pablo A Celnik","doi":"10.1177/15459683241304352","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15459683241304352","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In humans, most spontaneous recovery from motor impairment after stroke occurs in the first 3 months. Studies in animal models show higher responsiveness to training over a similar time-period. Both phenomena are often attributed to a milieu of heightened plasticity, which may share some mechanistic overlap with plasticity associated with normal motor learning.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Given that neurorehabilitation approaches are frequently predicated on motor learning principles, here we asked if the sensitivity of trial-to-trial learning for 2 kinds of motor learning processes often involved during rehabilitation is also enhanced early post-stroke. In a cross-sectional design, we compared (1) reinforcement and (2) error-based learning in 2 groups: 1 tested within 3 months after stroke (early group, <i>N</i> = 35) another tested more than 6 months after stroke (late group, <i>N</i> = 30). These 2 forms of motor learning were assessed with variations of the same visuomotor rotation task. Critically, motor execution was matched between the 2 groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Reinforcement learning was impaired in the early but not the late group, whereas error-based learning was unimpaired in either group. These findings could not be attributed to differences in baseline execution, cognitive impairment, gender, age, or lesion volume and location.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The presence of a deficit in reinforcement motor learning in the first 3 months after stroke has important implications for rehabilitation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It might be necessary to either increase reinforcement feedback given early after stroke, increase the dose of rehabilitation to compensate, or delay onset of rehabilitation approaches that may rely on reinforcement, for example, constraint-induced movement therapy, and instead emphasize other forms of motor training in the subacute time period.</p>","PeriodicalId":94158,"journal":{"name":"Neurorehabilitation and neural repair","volume":" ","pages":"15459683241304352"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143029509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-Stroke Recovery in Relation to Parvalbumin-Positive Interneurons and Perineuronal Nets.","authors":"Lydia M Kuhl, Matthew S Jeffers, Nicolay Hristozov, Sudhir Karthikeyan, Matthew W McDonald, Aisha Hufnagel, Anthony Carter, Numa Dancause, Dale Corbett","doi":"10.1177/15459683241309567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15459683241309567","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is a critical time window of post-stroke neuroplasticity when spontaneous behavioral recovery occurs. Potential factors responsible for this heightened plasticity are the reduction of parvalbumin-immunoreactive (PV+) interneuron inhibitory signaling and the disappearance of extracellular matrix synaptic stabilizers called perineuronal net(s; PNN/PNNs).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigated whether behavioral recovery during this critical period following stroke is associated with changes in densities of PV+ interneurons and PNNs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Male, Sprague-Dawley rats received forelimb motor cortex stroke (n = 43) using endothelin-1, or vehicle injections (n = 44). Cohorts of rats underwent a battery of motor tests and were sacrificed within the post-stroke critical window on day 1, and 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks. Using immunofluorescent labeling, PNNs (wisteria floribunda agglutinin; WFA+ cells), PV+ interneurons, and cells expressing both PV and PNNs were quantified in contra- and ipsilesional cortices to elucidate their spatial-temporal profiles following stroke.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PV+ interneuron density decreased significantly at 1-day post-stroke in the lateral ipsilesional cortex, while the density of PNNs was significantly lower up to 4 weeks post-stroke in the lateral ipsilesional cortex and at 1 and 2 weeks post-stroke in the medial ipsilesional cortex. Reduction of combined PV+/PNN signaling coincided with spontaneous behavioral recovery.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These results suggest that post-stroke behavioral recovery corresponds to an early reduction in PV+/PNN co-labeled cells in conjunction with an early temporally-dependent reduction in PV+ interneuron signaling and chronic disappearance of PNNs. Interventions targeting PNNs or PV+ interneuron signaling have significant potential for extending the critical window of recovery following stroke.</p>","PeriodicalId":94158,"journal":{"name":"Neurorehabilitation and neural repair","volume":" ","pages":"15459683241309567"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143019226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping Trajectories of Gait Recovery in Clinical Stroke Rehabilitation.","authors":"Richard A W Felius, Michiel Punt, Natasja C Wouda, Marieke Geerars, Sjoerd M Bruijn, Harriet Wittink, Jaap H van Dieën","doi":"10.1177/15459683241304350","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15459683241304350","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>How gait changes during the early stages of stoke rehabilitation, and which patient characteristics are associated with these changes is still largely unknown.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>he first objective was to describe the changes in gait during stroke rehabilitation. Secondly, we determined how various patient characteristics were associated with the rate of change of gait over time.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Participants were measured every 3 weeks during stroke rehabilitation. The assessment consisted of an inertial measurement unit (IMU) based 2-minute walk test (2MWT), 3 IMU-based balance tests, and standard clinical tests. In the 2MWT, participants were equipped with 3 IMUs, from which speed, variability, asymmetry, and smoothness were calculated. The changes in gait were examined from admission to discharge at an individual level. The effect of patient characteristics on the rate of change of the gait features over time was assessed with growth models.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 81 Trajectories from 72 participants were analyzed. On an individual basis, speed increased in 32 trajectories. Only a few trajectories exhibited significant changes in variability, asymmetry, and smoothness over the clinical rehabilitation period. The growth models revealed a significant increase in speed and decrease in variability and smoothness. Only the Berg Balance Scale and gait speed at onset were (negatively) associated with the rates of change of speed and smoothness, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We found a substantial variability in the gait-feature outcomes and their progression in individuals after stroke during clinical rehabilitation. The patient characteristics studied had limited associations with the rate of change of gait features over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":94158,"journal":{"name":"Neurorehabilitation and neural repair","volume":" ","pages":"15459683241304350"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142985905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}