Neurorehabilitation and neural repair最新文献

{"title":"MetaRehabVerse: The Great Opportunity to Put the Person's Functioning and Participation at the Center of Healthcare.","authors":"Giovanni Morone, Irene Ciancarelli, Rocco Salvatore Calabrò, Antonio Cerasa, Marco Iosa, Francesca Gimigliano","doi":"10.1177/15459683241309587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15459683241309587","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>The metaverse refers to a digital realm accessible via internet connections using virtual reality and augmented reality glasses for promoting a new era of social rehabilitation. It represents the next-generation mobile computing platform expected to see widespread utilization in the future. In the context of rehabilitation, the metaverse is envisioned as a novel approach to enhance the treatment of human functioning exploiting the \"synchronized brains\" potential exacerbated by social interactions in virtual scenarios.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The metaverse emerges as an ideal domain for adapting the principles of the-International Classification of Functioning. Its intrinsic capacity to simulate interactions within virtual environments shared by multi-users, while providing a profound sense of presence and comprehensive perception, should facilitate learning and experiential understanding. Technical and conceptual aspects are currently under definition, including the interplay with artificial intelligence, definition of social metrics performance, and the utilization of blockchain technology for economic purposes.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Building upon these foundations, this paper explores potential areas of metaverse applications in rehabilitation and examines how they may facilitate the pillars outlined in the World Health Organization's Rehabilitation 2030 call for action.</p>","PeriodicalId":94158,"journal":{"name":"Neurorehabilitation and neural repair","volume":" ","pages":"15459683241309587"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142928793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Detrimental Effect of Stroke on Motor Adaptation.","authors":"Sabrina J Abram, Jonathan S Tsay, Heran Yosef, Darcy S Reisman, Hyosub E Kim","doi":"10.1177/15459683241309588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15459683241309588","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>While it is evident that stroke impairs motor control, it remains unclear whether stroke impacts motor adaptation-the ability to flexibly modify movements in response to changes in the body and the environment. The mixed results in the literature may be due to differences in participants' brain lesions, sensorimotor tasks, or a combination of both.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We first sought to better understand the overall impact of stroke on motor adaptation and then to delineate the impact of lesion hemisphere and sensorimotor task on adaptation poststroke.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 18 studies comparing individuals poststroke to neurotypical controls, with each group consisting of over 200 participants.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found that stroke impairs motor adaptation (<i>d</i> = -0.63; 95% confidence interval [-1.02, -0.24]), and that the extent of this impairment did not differ across sensorimotor tasks but may vary with the lesioned hemisphere. Specifically, we observed greater evidence for impaired adaptation in individuals with left hemisphere lesions compared to those with right hemisphere lesions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This review not only clarifies the detrimental effect of stroke on motor adaptation but also underscores the need for finer-grained studies to determine precisely how various sensorimotor learning mechanisms are impacted. The current findings may guide future mechanistic and applied research at the intersection of motor learning and neurorehabilitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":94158,"journal":{"name":"Neurorehabilitation and neural repair","volume":" ","pages":"15459683241309588"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142923501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poststroke Ipsilesional Motor Performance: Microstructural Biomarkers and Their Associations With Executive Function.","authors":"Youngkook Kim, So Yeon Jun, Jeehae Oh, Jaeun Koo, Eunji Lee","doi":"10.1177/15459683241309580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15459683241309580","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Unilateral hemispheric stroke can impair the ipsilesional motor performance, which is crucial for attaining optimal functional outcomes poststroke. However, the specific brain structures contributing to ipsilesional motor performance impairment remain unclear.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the link between ipsilesional motor performance and the microstructural integrity of relevant neural pathways.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study enrolled 60 consecutive patients in the early subacute phase of stroke recovery. Ipsilesional motor performance was assessed using the Box and Block Test. Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate the associations between ipsilesional motor performance and the microstructural integrity of relevant white matter tracts (Biomarker models) and cognitive function test scores (Cognition models).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Biomarker models, including the genu of the corpus callosum, ipsilesional cingulum, fornix, uncinate fasciculus, superior longitudinal fasciculus, and contralesional inferior longitudinal fasciculus, showed a significant association with ipsilesional motor performance. Cognition models, including Mini-Mental State Examination and Trail Making Test-B, were significantly associated with ipsilesional motor performance. Final regression models (combined Cognition and Biomarker models) revealed that the performance time of Trail Making Test-B, in combination with biomarkers, including the genu of the corpus callosum, ipsilesional superior longitudinal fasciculus, and ipsilesional cingulum, predicted ipsilesional motor performance with high explanatory power (<i>adjusted R</i>² = .721, .709, and .696, respectively).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study demonstrated that executive function is associated with poststroke ipsilesional motor performance, as evidenced by the microstructural biomarkers involved in executive function. Our findings highlight that the comprehensive role of cognitive functioning rather than the motor system is closely linked to poststroke ipsilesional motor performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":94158,"journal":{"name":"Neurorehabilitation and neural repair","volume":" ","pages":"15459683241309580"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142916795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Immune Cell Biology in Peripheral Nervous System Injury.","authors":"Yiming Xia, Min Cai, Yiyue Zhou, Yi Yao, Maorong Jiang, Dandan Gu, Dengbing Yao","doi":"10.1177/15459683241304325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15459683241304325","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The peripheral nervous system (PNS) exhibits remarkable regenerative capability after injury. PNS regeneration relies on neurons themselves as well as a variety of other cell types, including Schwann cells, immune cells, and non-neuronal cells.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This paper focuses on summarizing the critical roles of immune cells (SCs) in the injury and repair processes of the PNS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During peripheral nerve injury, macrophages infiltrate the site under the induction of various cytokines, primarily accumulating at the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and the nerve distal to the injury site, with only a small number detected at the nerve proximal to the injury site. The phenotype of macrophages during injury remains controversial, but recent single-cell sequencing analyses may provide new insights. In peripheral nervous system injury, macrophages participate in Wallerian degeneration as well as in the reconstruction of nerve bridges and angiogenesis during axonal regeneration. Neutrophils appear early in the injury process and are primarily present at the injury site and the distal segment. After peripheral nervous system injury, immature neutrophils from the peripheral blood play a major role. Although lymphocytes constitute only a small fraction compared to macrophages and neutrophils after peripheral nervous system injury, they still play important roles, including Treg cells, B cells, and NK cells. A large number of immune cells accumulate at the injury site, contributing not only to Wallerian degeneration but also to axonal regeneration.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, this paper summarizes current knowledge regarding the mechanisms of immune cell infiltration after PNS injury, providing new insights for future research on the role of immune cells in peripheral nerve injury.</p>","PeriodicalId":94158,"journal":{"name":"Neurorehabilitation and neural repair","volume":" ","pages":"15459683241304325"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142916779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Randomized Control Trial of a Virtually Delivered Program for Increasing Upper Limb Activity After Stroke.","authors":"Lisa A Simpson, Ruth Barclay, Mark T Bayley, Penelope M A Brasher, Sean P Dukelow, Bradley J MacIntosh, Marilyn MacKay-Lyons, Carlo Menon, W Ben Mortenson, Tzu-Hsuan Peng, Courtney L Pollock, Sepideh Pooyania, Noah D Silverberg, Robert Teasell, Jennifer Yao, Janice J Eng","doi":"10.1177/15459683241303702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15459683241303702","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Upper limb activity following stroke is low, which may limit recovery. We investigated whether a virtually-delivered upper limb program, that included a wearable device with reach-to-grasp feedback, would increase upper limb activity after stroke.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a parallel-group, assessor-blinded, randomized control trial conducted at 6 sites across 5 provinces of the CanStroke Recovery Trials Platform between 2020 to 2022. Participants (n = 73) were community-living, less than 1 year post stroke, and had residual arm movement and upper limb use limitations. Participants were randomized via a central web-based randomization service to receive a virtually delivered program (Virtual Arm Boot Camp [V-ABC], n = 36) or waitlist control (n = 37) receiving usual care. V-ABC consisted of a home exercise program, feedback from a wrist-worn device to monitor reach-to-grasp counts, and 6 virtual sessions with a trained therapist over 3 weeks. The primary outcome was the average daily reach-to-grasp counts over 3 days at 4 weeks post baseline assessment. Secondary outcomes included upper limb function, self-reported use, and quality of life. Within-subject changes between pre, post treatment, and 2 months follow up for all participants were also examined as a tertiary analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The V-ABC group demonstrated greater average daily reach-to-grasp counts (primary outcome) at 4 weeks compared to control (mean difference = 368, 95% confidence interval = 6-730, <i>P</i> = .046).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study provided evidence that a virtually delivered upper limb program that consists of exercise, feedback from a wearable device, and therapist support can increase real-world upper limb activity following stroke.</p><p><strong>Clinical trial registration: </strong>NCT04232163.</p>","PeriodicalId":94158,"journal":{"name":"Neurorehabilitation and neural repair","volume":" ","pages":"15459683241303702"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142901330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Poststroke Hemineglect: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.","authors":"Fu-An Yang, Chueh-Ho Lin, Hung-Ning Chung, Yi-Chun Kuan, Reuben Escorpizo, Hung-Chou Chen","doi":"10.1177/15459683241309572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15459683241309572","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although various repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and theta burst stimulation (TBS) protocols are used, their comparative effectiveness for treating poststroke hemineglect remains unassessed.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate rTMS and TBS effects on clinical outcomes in poststroke hemineglect through a systematic review and network meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases up to March 7, 2024, for trials on rTMS or TBS in poststroke hemineglect. Included studies involved rTMS or TBS with different protocols, sham, or no stimulation, assessing hemineglect severity or impact. The quality of the included studies was evaluated using the PEDro scale. The network meta-analysis was performed using ShinyNMA (version 1.01).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We analyzed 13 studies with 309 participants. All studies included participants who had experienced right hemisphere stroke. All included studies had a fair to good quality based on PEDro score evaluation. Protocols included continuous TBS (cTBS), high-frequency rTMS (HF-rTMS), and low-frequency rTMS (LF-rTMS) targeting both contralesional and lesional sites. HF-rTMS on the lesional site significantly improved short-term results on the line bisection test and Catherine Bergego Scale; LF-rTMS on the contralesional site improved short-term line bisection; and cTBS on the contralesional site improved long-term line bisection. No severe adverse events or significant inconsistencies were reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings indicate that HF-rTMS targeting the lesional site is the preferred therapeutic approach for the short-term management of poststroke hemineglect. LF-rTMS directed at the contralesional site is a practical alternative. Moreover, cTBS targeting the contralesional site is a viable option because of its long-term effect.</p>","PeriodicalId":94158,"journal":{"name":"Neurorehabilitation and neural repair","volume":" ","pages":"15459683241309572"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142901398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to \"Tamplin J, Haines SJ, Baker FA, et al. ParkinSong Online: Feasibility of Telehealth Delivery and Remote Data Collection for a Therapeutic Group Singing Study in Parkinson's. Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair. 2024;38(2):122-133. doi:10.1177/15459683231219269\".","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/15459683241303582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15459683241303582","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94158,"journal":{"name":"Neurorehabilitation and neural repair","volume":" ","pages":"15459683241303582"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142840578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In PD, Non-Invasive Trans-Spinal Magnetic Stimulation Enhances the Effect of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on Axial Motor Symptoms: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial.","authors":"Eman M Khedr, Nourelhoda A Haridy, Mohammad A Korayem, Ahmed Mamdouh Tawfik, Ahmed A Hamed","doi":"10.1177/15459683241300547","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15459683241300547","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Axial symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) often respond poorly to pharmacological treatment. We evaluated whether combining repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and repetitive spinal magnetic stimulation (rSMS) is more effective than rTMS alone in improving axial and other motor disabilities in PD.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 42 PD patients with axial symptoms were randomly allocated to 2 experimental intervention groups: Group I received active rTMS + active rSMS (2000 pulses; 20 Hz; 80% resting motor threshold for each motor area \"M1\" + 1500 pulses rSMS 10 Hz, at 50% of maximal stimulator output). Group II received active rTMS + sham rSMS with the same number of pulses. Both groups received 10 sessions (5 consecutive days/week for 2 weeks). Assessments using Freezing of Gait Questionnaire, walking speed, Movement Disorder Society-Sponsored Revision of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS) parts II and III, and Parkinson's Disease Questionaire-39 (PDQ-39) were performed at baseline (T0), end of sessions (T1), and 1 month later (T2).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At T0, Group II showed higher walking speed. At T1 and T2, Group I demonstrated significantly greater improvements in MDS-UPDRS parts II, III, and sub-items of part III. Group I showed stronger improvement in TUG-T and average fast velocity immediately post-intervention, but this effect diminished after 1 month. PDQ-39 scores for leisure activity and walking problems were significantly higher in group I.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings indicate that combining rTMS and rSMS for 10 sessions is more effective than rTMS alone in managing PD's motor and axial symptoms. The effect size of the outcome is large enough to be of significance in clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>The study was registered prospectively on 26/12/2021 at the clinicaltrial.gov website with the registration ID: NCT05271513, https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05271513.</p>","PeriodicalId":94158,"journal":{"name":"Neurorehabilitation and neural repair","volume":" ","pages":"15459683241300547"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142809001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Use of Extrinsic Performance Feedback and Reward to Enhance Upper Limb Motor Behavior and Recovery Post-Stroke: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Dimitrios J Palidis, Zoe Gardiner, Amelia Stephenson, Kevin Zhang, Jill Boruff, Lesley K Fellows","doi":"10.1177/15459683241298262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15459683241298262","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>During post-stroke motor rehabilitation, patients often receive feedback from therapists or via rehabilitation technologies. Research suggests that feedback may benefit motor performance, skill acquisition, and action selection. However, there is no consensus on how extrinsic feedback should be implemented during stroke rehabilitation to best leverage specific neurobehavioral mechanisms to optimize recovery.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify the existing evidence and research gaps regarding the effects of extrinsic feedback on upper extremity motor function in stroke survivors, and to map the evidence onto neurobehavioral concepts of motor performance, motor learning, and action selection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The MEDLINE, PsychInfo, EMBASE, and CINHAL databases were searched for relevant articles. A sequential screening process and data extraction were performed by 2 independent reviewers, and the results were reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 29 studies were identified that met the criteria for inclusion. Beneficial effects of feedback were reported for clinical outcomes of rehabilitation interventions as well as motor performance, motor learning, and action selection post-stroke. Three studies showed that the addition of rewarding elements to positive performance feedback benefited learning or recovery.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Extrinsic feedback has the potential to improve outcomes of stroke rehabilitation through effects on motor performance, motor learning, or action selection. To understand how these specific neurobehavioral processes contribute to recovery, clinical trials should include more granular behavioral measures. Rewarding feedback may be particularly beneficial, but more research is needed regarding the specific implementation of feedback.</p>","PeriodicalId":94158,"journal":{"name":"Neurorehabilitation and neural repair","volume":" ","pages":"15459683241298262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142809003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Neglect on the Relationship Between Upper Limb Motor Function and Upper Limb Performance in the (Hyper)acute Poststroke Phase.","authors":"Janne M Veerbeek, Henrik Rühe, Beatrice Ottiger, Stephan Bohlhalter, Thomas Nyffeler, Dario Cazzoli","doi":"10.1177/15459683241304329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15459683241304329","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Visuospatial neglect (VSN) is a negative, strong, and independent predictor of poor outcome after stroke, and is associated with poorer upper limb (UL) motor recovery in terms of function or capacity (ie, in standardized, lab-based testing). Although the main aim of stroke rehabilitation is to re-establish optimal functioning in daily life, the impact of VSN on UL performance (ie, in unstructured, everyday environments) is largely unknown. In this proof of principle study, the impact of VSN on the strength of the association between UL motor function (Jamar Hand Dynamometer) and UL performance (Upper Limb Lucerne ICF-based Multidisciplinary Observation Scale) was investigated in 65 (hyper)acute first-ever stroke patients. In a moderator analysis, the interaction term was negative and significant, showing that VSN suppresses the use of UL motor function in daily life (ie, performance). This finding suggests that, when considering UL performance in the (hyper)acute phase after stroke, interventions aimed to reduce deficits in both UL motor function and visuospatial function should already be started in the acute stroke unit setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":94158,"journal":{"name":"Neurorehabilitation and neural repair","volume":" ","pages":"15459683241304329"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142808999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}