Neurorehabilitation and neural repair最新文献

{"title":"Macrostructural Cerebellar Neuroplasticity Correlates With Motor Recovery After Stroke.","authors":"Takashi Hanakawa, Fujiko Hotta, Tatsuhiro Nakamura, Keiichiro Shindo, Naoko Ushiba, Masaki Hirosawa, Yutaka Yamazaki, Yoshinao Moriyama, Syota Takagi, Katsuhiro Mizuno, Meigen Liu","doi":"10.1177/15459683231207356","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15459683231207356","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Motor recovery varies across post-stroke individuals, some of whom require a better rehabilitation strategy. We hypothesized that macrostructural neuroplasticity of the motor control network including the cerebellum might underlie individual differences in motor recovery. <i>Objectives.</i> To gain insight into the macrostructural neuroplasticity after stroke, we examined 52 post-stroke individuals using both the Fugl-Meyer assessment and structural magnetic resonance imaging.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed voxel-based lesion symptom mapping and cross-sectional voxel-based morphometry to correlate the motor scores with the lesion location and the gray matter volume (GMV), respectively. Longitudinal data were available at ~8 and/or 15 weeks after admission from 43 individuals with supratentorial lesions. We performed a longitudinal VBM analysis followed by a multiple regression analysis to correlate between the changes of the motor assessment scores and those of GMV overtime.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We found a cross-sectional correlation of residual motor functioning with GMV in the ipsilesional cerebellum and contralesional parietal cortex. Longitudinally, we found increases in GMV in the ipsilesional supplementary motor area, and the ipsilesional superior and inferior cerebellar zones, along with a GMV decrease in the ipsilesional thalamus. The motor recovery was correlated with the GMV changes in the superior and inferior cerebellar zones. The regaining of upper-limb motor functioning was correlated with the GMV changes of both superior and inferior cerebellum while that of lower-limb motor functioning with the GMV increase of the inferior cerebellum only.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present findings support the hypothesis that macrostructural cerebellar neuroplasticity is correlated with individual differences in motor recovery after stroke.</p>","PeriodicalId":94158,"journal":{"name":"Neurorehabilitation and neural repair","volume":" ","pages":"775-785"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50164286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-Site Identification and Generalization of Clusters of Walking Behaviors in Individuals With Chronic Stroke and Neurotypical Controls.","authors":"Natalia Sánchez, Nicolas Schweighofer, Sara J Mulroy, Ryan T Roemmich, Trisha M Kesar, Gelsy Torres-Oviedo, Beth E Fisher, James M Finley, Carolee J Winstein","doi":"10.1177/15459683231212864","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15459683231212864","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Walking patterns in stroke survivors are highly heterogeneous, which poses a challenge in systematizing treatment prescriptions for walking rehabilitation interventions.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We used bilateral spatiotemporal and force data during walking to create a multi-site research sample to: (1) identify clusters of walking behaviors in people post-stroke and neurotypical controls and (2) determine the generalizability of these walking clusters across different research sites. We hypothesized that participants post-stroke will have different walking impairments resulting in different clusters of walking behaviors, which are also different from control participants.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We gathered data from 81 post-stroke participants across 4 research sites and collected data from 31 control participants. Using sparse <i>K</i>-means clustering, we identified walking clusters based on 17 spatiotemporal and force variables. We analyzed the biomechanical features within each cluster to characterize cluster-specific walking behaviors. We also assessed the generalizability of the clusters using a leave-one-out approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 4 stroke clusters: a fast and asymmetric cluster, a moderate speed and asymmetric cluster, a slow cluster with frontal plane force asymmetries, and a slow and symmetric cluster. We also identified a moderate speed and symmetric gait cluster composed of controls and participants post-stroke. The moderate speed and asymmetric stroke cluster did not generalize across sites.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although post-stroke walking patterns are heterogenous, these patterns can be systematically classified into distinct clusters based on spatiotemporal and force data. Future interventions could target the key features that characterize each cluster to increase the efficacy of interventions to improve mobility in people post-stroke.</p>","PeriodicalId":94158,"journal":{"name":"Neurorehabilitation and neural repair","volume":" ","pages":"810-822"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10872629/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136400897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Evolution of Hand Proprioceptive and Motor Impairments in the Sub-Acute Phase After Stroke.","authors":"Monika Zbytniewska-Mégret, Christian Salzmann, Christoph M Kanzler, Thomas Hassa, Roger Gassert, Olivier Lambercy, Joachim Liepert","doi":"10.1177/15459683231207355","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15459683231207355","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hand proprioception is essential for fine movements and therefore many activities of daily living. Although frequently impaired after stroke, it is unclear how hand proprioception evolves in the sub-acute phase and whether it follows a similar pattern of changes as motor impairments.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This work investigates whether there is a corresponding pattern of changes over time in hand proprioception and motor function as comprehensively quantified by a combination of robotic, clinical, and neurophysiological assessments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Finger proprioception (position sense) and motor function (force, velocity, range of motion) were evaluated using robotic assessments at baseline (<3 months after stroke) and up to 4 weeks later (discharge). Clinical assessments (among others, Box & Block Test [BBT]) as well as Somatosensory/Motor Evoked Potentials (SSEP/MEP) were additionally performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Complete datasets from 45 participants post-stroke were obtained. For 42% of all study participants proprioception and motor function had a dissociated pattern of changes (only 1 function considerably improved). This dissociation was either due to the absence of a measurable impairment in 1 modality at baseline, or due to a severe lesion of central somatosensory or motor tracts (absent SSEP/MEP). Better baseline BBT correlated with proprioceptive gains, while proprioceptive impairment at baseline did not correlate with change in BBT.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Proprioception and motor function frequently followed a dissociated pattern of changes in sub-acute stroke. This highlights the importance of monitoring both functions, which could help to further personalize therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":94158,"journal":{"name":"Neurorehabilitation and neural repair","volume":" ","pages":"823-836"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10685702/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89721428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mild Stroke, Serious Problems: Limitations in Balance and Gait Capacity and the Impact on Fall Rate, and Physical Activity.","authors":"Jolanda M B Roelofs, Sarah B Zandvliet, Ingrid M Schut, Anouk C M Huisinga, Alfred C Schouten, Henk T Hendricks, Digna de Kam, Leo A M Aerden, Johannes B J Bussmann, Alexander C H Geurts, Vivian Weerdesteyn","doi":"10.1177/15459683231207360","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15459683231207360","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>After mild stroke persistent balance limitations may occur, creating a risk factor for fear of falling, falls, and reduced activity levels. <i>Objective.</i> To investigate whether individuals in the chronic phase after mild stroke show balance and gait limitations, elevated fall risk, reduced balance confidence, and physical activity levels compared to healthy controls.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An observational case-control study was performed. Main outcomes included the Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test (mini-BEST), Timed Up and Go (TUG), 10-m Walking Test (10-MWT), and 6-item version Activity-specific Balance Confidence (6-ABC) scale which were measured in 1 session. Objectively measured daily physical activity was measured for 7 consecutive days. Fall rate in daily life was recorded for 12 months. Individuals after a mild stroke were considered eligible when they: (1) sustained a transient ischemic attack or stroke longer than 6 months ago, resulting in motor and/or sensory loss in the contralesional leg at the time of stroke, (2) showed (near-) complete motor function, that is, ≥24 points on the Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Lower Extremity (range: 0-28).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-seven healthy controls and 70 participants after mild stroke were included. Participants with stroke fell more than twice as often as healthy controls, had a 2 point lower median score on the mini-BEST, were 1.7 second slower on TUG, 0.6 km/h slower on the 10-MWT, and had a 12% lower 6-ABC score. Intensity for both total activity (8%) as well as walking activity (6%) was lower in the participants with stroke, while no differences were found in terms of duration.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Individuals in the chronic phase after a mild stroke demonstrate persistent balance limitations and have an increased fall risk. Our results point at an unmet clinical need in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":94158,"journal":{"name":"Neurorehabilitation and neural repair","volume":" ","pages":"786-798"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10685695/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50159661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moderate-Severe TBI as a Progressive Disorder: Patterns and Predictors of Cognitive Declines in the Chronic Stages of Injury.","authors":"Robin E A Green, Marika K Dabek, Alana Changoor, Julia Rybkina, Georges A Monette, Brenda Colella","doi":"10.1177/15459683231212861","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15459683231212861","url":null,"abstract":"Background Moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been associated with progressive cognitive decline in the chronic injury stages in a small number of studies. Objective This study aimed to (i) replicate our previous findings of decline from 1 to 3+ years post-injury in a larger, non-overlapping sample and (ii) extend these findings by examining the proportion of decliners in 2 earlier time windows, and by investigating novel predictors of decline. Methods N = 48 patients with moderate-severe TBI underwent neuropsychological assessment at 2, 5, 12 months, and 30+ months post-injury. We employed the Reliable Change Index (RCI) to evaluate decline, stability and improvement across time and logistic regression to identify predictors of decline (demographic/cognitive reserve; injury-related). Results The proportions of patients showing decline were: 12.5% (2-5 months post-injury), 17% (5-12 months post-injury), and 27% (12-30+ months post-injury). Measures of verbal retrieval were most sensitive to decline. Of the predictors, only left progressive hippocampal volume loss from 5 to 12 months post-injury significantly predicted cognitive decline from 12 to 30+ months post-injury. Conclusions Identical to our previous study, 27% of patients declined from 12 to 30+ months post-injury. Additionally, we found that the further from injury, the greater the proportion of patients declining. Importantly, earlier progressive hippocampal volume loss predicted later cognitive decline. Taken together, the findings highlight the need for ongoing research and treatment that target these deleterious mechanisms affecting patients in the chronic stages of moderate-severe TBI.","PeriodicalId":94158,"journal":{"name":"Neurorehabilitation and neural repair","volume":" ","pages":"799-809"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138292594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visual Exploration While Walking With and Without Visual Cues in Parkinson's Disease: Freezer Versus Non-Freezer.","authors":"Lisa Graham, Jordan Armitage, Rodrigo Vitorio, Julia Das, Gill Barry, Alan Godfrey, Claire McDonald, Richard Walker, Martina Mancini, Rosie Morris, Samuel Stuart","doi":"10.1177/15459683231201149","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15459683231201149","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Visual cues can improve gait in Parkinson's disease (PD), including those experiencing freezing of gait (FOG). However, responses are variable and underpinning mechanisms remain unclear. Visuo-cognitive processing (measured through visual exploration) has been implicated in cue response, but this has not been comprehensively examined.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine visual exploration and gait with and without visual cues in PD who do and do not self-report FOG, and healthy controls (HC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>17 HC, 21 PD without FOG, and 22 PD with FOG walked with and without visual cues, under single and dual-task conditions. Visual exploration (ie, saccade frequency, duration, peak velocity, amplitude, and fixation duration) was measured via mobile eye-tracking and gait (ie, gait speed, stride length, foot strike angle, stride time, and stride time variability) with inertial sensors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PD had impaired gait compared to HC, and dual-tasking made gait variables worse across groups (all <i>P</i> < .01). Visual cues improved stride length, foot strike angle, and stride time in all groups (<i>P</i> < .01). Visual cueing also increased saccade frequency, but reduced saccade peak velocity and amplitude in all groups (<i>P</i> < .01). Gait improvement related to changes in visual exploration with visual cues in PD but not HC, with relationships dependent on group (FOG vs non-FOG) and task (single vs dual).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Visual cues improved visual exploration and gait outcomes in HC and PD, with similar responses in freezers and non-freezers. Freezer and non-freezer specific associations between cue-related changes in visual exploration and gait indicate different underlying visuo-cognitive processing within these subgroups for cue response.</p>","PeriodicalId":94158,"journal":{"name":"Neurorehabilitation and neural repair","volume":" ","pages":"734-743"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10666478/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41175174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Importance of Health Policy and Systems Research for Strengthening Rehabilitation in Health Systems: A Call to Action to Accelerate Progress.","authors":"Walter R Frontera, Wouter DeGroote, Abdul Ghaffar","doi":"10.1177/15459683231200755","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15459683231200755","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94158,"journal":{"name":"Neurorehabilitation and neural repair","volume":"37 10","pages":"679-681"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10666518/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138815993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Handgrip Strength Associated With Parkinson's Disease? Longitudinal Study of 71 702 Older Adults.","authors":"Rochelle Mey, Joaquín Calatayud, José Casaña, Rodrigo Núñez-Cortés, Luis Suso-Martí, Lars Louis Andersen, José Francisco López-Gil, Rubén López-Bueno","doi":"10.1177/15459683231207359","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15459683231207359","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To date, no study has longitudinally assessed the dose-response association between handgrip strength and incidence of Parkinson's Disease (PD).</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>to investigate the longitudinal association between handgrip strength and the development of PD within a representative European population of older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Individuals aged 50 years and older from 27 European countries and Israel participated. We retrieved data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe waves 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8. Handgrip strength was measured using a hand dynamometer and participants reported whether they had a medical PD diagnosis. Time-varying exposure and covariates were modeled using both Cox regression and restricted cubic splines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 71 702 participants (mean age 65.2 years) were followed over a median period of 5.0 years. Among them, 314 participants developed PD. In the fully adjusted model, we observed a higher risk (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.50; 95% CI:1.92-3.32) of PD for participants with lower handgrip strength (third 1) and a lower risk of PD for participants in the second third (HR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.06-1.87). In dose-response analyses, men showed lower risk of PD from 27 kg (HR:0.94; 95% CI: 0.91-0.97) to 59 kg (HR:0.10; 95% CI: 0.04-0.22), whereas women showed significant reductions from 24 kg (HR:0.68; 95% CI: 0.46-0.99) to 38 kg (HR:0.44; 95% CI: 0.22-0.88).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Handgrip strength ought to be incorporated as one of the measures in the prognostic toolbox for the screening of older adults who are possibly at risk of developing PD.</p>","PeriodicalId":94158,"journal":{"name":"Neurorehabilitation and neural repair","volume":"37 10","pages":"727-733"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138815994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-Nogo-A Antibody Therapy Improves Functional Outcome Following Traumatic Brain Injury.","authors":"Brian E Powers, Son T Ton, Robert G Farrer, Suhani Chaudhary, Russ P Nockels, Gwendolyn L Kartje, Shih-Yen Tsai","doi":"10.1177/15459683231203194","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15459683231203194","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can cause sensorimotor deficits, and recovery is slow and incomplete. There are no effective pharmacological treatments for recovery from TBI, but research indicates potential for anti-Nogo-A antibody (Ab) therapy. This Ab neutralizes Nogo-A, an endogenous transmembrane protein that inhibits neuronal plasticity and regeneration.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>We hypothesized that anti-Nogo-A Ab treatment following TBI results in disinhibited axonal growth from the contralesional cortex, the establishment of new compensatory neuronal connections, and improved function.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We modeled TBI in rats using the controlled cortical impact method, resulting in focal brain damage and motor deficits like those observed in humans with a moderate cortical TBI. Rats were trained on the skilled forelimb reaching task and the horizontal ladder rung walking task. They were then given a TBI, targeting the caudal forelimb motor cortex, and randomly divided into 3 groups: TBI-only, TBI + Anti-Nogo-A Ab, and TBI + Control Ab. Testing resumed 3 days after TBI and continued for 8 weeks, when rats received an injection of the anterograde neuronal tracer, biotinylated dextran amine (BDA), into the corresponding area contralateral to the TBI.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed significant improvement in rats that received anti-Nogo-A Ab treatment post-TBI compared to controls. Analysis of BDA-positive axons revealed that anti-Nogo-A Ab treatment resulted in cortico-rubral plasticity to the deafferented red nucleus. <i>Conclusions</i>. Anti-Nogo-A Ab treatment may improve functional recovery via neuronal plasticity to brain areas important for skilled movements, and this treatment shows promise to improve outcomes in humans who have suffered a TBI.</p>","PeriodicalId":94158,"journal":{"name":"Neurorehabilitation and neural repair","volume":" ","pages":"682-693"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10843026/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41224263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systematic Review of the Learning Dynamics of Proprioception Training: Specificity, Acquisition, Retention, and Transfer.","authors":"Han Gil Seo, Seo Jung Yun, Andria J Farrens, Christopher A Johnson, David J Reinkensmeyer","doi":"10.1177/15459683231207354","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15459683231207354","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>We aimed to identify key aspects of the learning dynamics of proprioception training including: 1) specificity to the training type, 2) acquisition of proprioceptive skills, 3) retention of learning effects, and 4) transfer to different proprioceptive skills.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a systematic literature search using the database (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and PEDro). The inclusion criteria required adult participants who underwent any training program that could enhance proprioceptive function, and at least 1 quantitative assessment of proprioception before and after the intervention. We analyzed within-group changes to quantify the effectiveness of an intervention.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In total, 106 studies with 343 participant-outcome groups were included. Proprioception-specific training resulted in large effect sizes with a mean improvement of 23.4 to 42.6%, nonspecific training resulted in medium effect sizes with 12.3 to 22% improvement, and no training resulted in small effect sizes with 5.0 to 8.9% improvement. Single-session training exhibited significant proprioceptive improvement immediately (10 studies). For training interventions with a midway evaluation (4 studies), trained groups improved by approximately 70% of their final value at the midway point. Proprioceptive improvements were largely maintained at a delayed follow-up of at least 1 week (12 studies). Finally, improvements in 1 assessment were significantly correlated with improvements in another assessment (10 studies).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Proprioceptive learning appears to exhibit several features similar to motor learning, including specificity to the training type, 2 time constant learning curves, good retention, and improvements that are correlated between different assessments, suggesting a possible, common mechanism for the transfer of training.</p>","PeriodicalId":94158,"journal":{"name":"Neurorehabilitation and neural repair","volume":" ","pages":"744-757"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10847967/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49686836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}