Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA最新文献

{"title":"Artificial intelligence in advanced liver disease: From risk stratification to decision.","authors":"Chia-Fu Liu, Chien-Lin Chang, Ching-Chih Chang, Shao-Jung Hsu, Hui-Chun Huang","doi":"10.1097/JCMA.0000000000001423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/JCMA.0000000000001423","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The diagnosis and management of liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension have been challenging for hundreds of years, placing a tremendous burden on medical and social resources. In routine practice, clinicians usually depend on various documented scoring and stratification systems to establish the diagnosis and make decisions. These systems have traditionally been constructed through manual review of retrospective data, image interpretation, and statistical analyses. However, the development of artificial intelligence (AI) has allowed for the analysis of large and varied datasets, and consequently the ability to identify novel factors and test the predictive power of different combinations of factors that would not be feasible using traditional means. Considering the promise of using AI for research in this notorious disease entity, this review article discusses recent advances in AI technology regarding various clinical aspects of liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Topics covered include the diagnosis of cirrhosis and clinically significant portal hypertension, detection and prediction of major cirrhosis-related complications (gastroesophageal varices, hepatic encephalopathy, infection, acute kidney injury, hepatorenal syndrome, and hepatocellular carcinoma), assessing the prognosis, and evaluating the treatment response. The potential benefits, drawbacks, limitations and future perspectives of AI are also discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":94115,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148922176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Muscular pain causes the lower urinary tract symptoms.","authors":"Peng-Hui Wang","doi":"10.1097/JCMA.0000000000001426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/JCMA.0000000000001426","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94115,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148914810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying risk factors for procedural pain in outpatient hysteroscopy: A multivariable analysis.","authors":"Shin-Yi Chen, Wei-Li Lin, Jie Chin Lim, Chen-Ti Wang, Cindy Hsuan Weng, Angel Chao, Yu-Ying Su, Yi-Ting Huang, Kai-Yun Wu, Chin-Jung Wang","doi":"10.1097/JCMA.0000000000001425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/JCMA.0000000000001425","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To identify patient-related clinical and anatomical factors associated with increased pain during office hysteroscopy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study included women who underwent office hysteroscopy without anesthesia at a tertiary referral center between August and November 2024. Pain intensity was assessed immediately after the procedure using a 10-cm visual analogue scale (VAS). Patients were categorized into no-to-mild pain (VAS < 4) and moderate-to-severe pain (VAS ≥ 4) groups. Clinical characteristics, obstetric history, uterine position, dysmenorrhea severity, and cervical width were analyzed. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of moderate-to-severe pain.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 338 women included in the analysis, aged 15-91 years, 138 (40.8%) experienced moderate-to-severe pain during outpatient hysteroscopy. Moderate-to-severe pain was significantly associated with nulligravidity, absence of prior vaginal delivery, dysmenorrhea, retroflexed uterine position, and cervical width < 4 mm. In multivariable analysis, dysmenorrhea (VAS ≥ 4) (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 9.42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.87 - 18.22, p < 0.001) and cervical width < 4 mm (aOR, 6.51; 95% CI, 2.79 - 15.16, p < 0.001) were identified as independent predictors of moderate-to-severe procedural pain. Absence of prior vaginal delivery and retroflexed uterine position showed borderline associations with increased pain risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Dysmenorrhea and narrow cervical width are strong independent predictors of moderate-to-severe pain during outpatient hysteroscopy. Recognition of these patient-specific and anatomical factors may facilitate individualized procedural planning, targeted pain management strategies, and improved tolerance of office hysteroscopy.</p>","PeriodicalId":94115,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148914868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early hearing improvement predicts complete recovery in sudden hearing loss.","authors":"Cheng-Han Wu, Chin-Lung Kuo, Shang-Liang Wu, Wen-Huei Liao","doi":"10.1097/JCMA.0000000000001422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/JCMA.0000000000001422","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Early prediction of recovery in sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) remains challenging. Early hearing improvement (EHI) may serve as a simple prognostic marker, but its quantitative relationship with complete recovery (CR) has not been well defined. We investigated the association between EHI and CR and explored whether this relationship differed according to pretreatment hearing severity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective case-control study of adults hospitalized for a first episode of unilateral SSNHL at a tertiary referral center in Taiwan between 2012 and 2022. Patients who achieved CR, defined as a final four-frequency pure-tone average ≤25 dB HL, were matched by pretreatment hearing grade to patients without CR. EHI was defined as the change in pure-tone average from baseline to the first follow-up audiogram within two weeks. Multivariable linear probability models and logistic regression were used to evaluate the association between EHI and CR.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 240 patients (120 with CR and 120 without CR). Younger age and a shorter onset-to-treatment interval were independently associated with a higher probability of CR (age: β per 1-year increase, -0.009; 95% CI, -0.013 to -0.005; p < 0.001; onset-to-treatment interval: β per 1-day increase, -0.013; 95% CI, -0.018 to -0.009; p < 0.001). Mean EHI was 14.9 ± 19.1 dB and increased with pretreatment hearing grade. Each 1-dB increase in EHI was associated with a 1.5% higher probability of CR (β = 0.015, 95% CI 0.012-0.017; p < 0.001). The strength of this association progressively decreased as pretreatment hearing severity increased. Findings were consistent in sensitivity analyses using logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Early hearing improvement within two weeks is a readily obtainable and quantitatively informative predictor of complete recovery in SSNHL. Its prognostic value is greatest in patients with less severe pretreatment hearing loss and diminishes with increasing hearing severity.</p>","PeriodicalId":94115,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148876578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decline in dementia patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cohort study in Taiwan.","authors":"Meng-Ju Tsai, Yu-Ruei Lin, Yung-Shuan Lin, Chun-Yu Chen, Jong-Ling Fuh","doi":"10.1097/JCMA.0000000000001421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1097/JCMA.0000000000001421","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The cognitive consequences of COVID-19 in patients with dementia remain uncertain. This study examined whether COVID-19 infection was associated with cognitive decline.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From October 2020 to October 2022, COVID-19-naïve patients with dementia were recruited from a hospital-based memory clinic in Taipei. During follow-up, patients who developed COVID-19 were classified as the infected group, while others served as controls. For controls, baseline and follow-up were defined as two consecutive annual cognitive assessments. For infected patients, baseline and follow-up were the nearest assessments before and after COVID-19 infection, respectively. The mean assessment interval was approximately one year in both groups. Outcomes included the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes (CDR-SB), and Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI). Linear mixed-effects models assessed whether cognitive trajectories differed by COVID-19 status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After excluding patients without eligible follow-up data, infected patients were matched with controls by age and sex. Overall, 44 patients with dementia who developed COVID-19 and 22 who remained uninfected were included in the study. Baseline demographic characteristics and cognitive scores were comparable. The mean age was 84.1 years, with 36% (24/66) male. At follow-up, cognitive performance did not differ significantly between infected and control groups. Within-group analyses showed significant declines in MMSE, CDR-SB, and CASI in the infected group, whereas controls declined significantly only in CASI. In adjusted mixed-effects models, the COVID-19 × time interaction was not significant (β = -0.427, p = 0.676), suggesting no significant difference in MMSE decline trajectory between groups. Higher education was associated with higher MMSE scores (β = 0.553, p = 0.002). Sensitivity analyses supported these findings.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>After accounting for age, sex, education, and assessment interval, COVID-19 infection was not associated with faster cognitive decline. Participants with more education generally had higher MMSE scores, but education did not significantly alter the rate of decline.</p>","PeriodicalId":94115,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148876150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploratory multivariate adaptive regression splines modeling of myopic progression in children receiving atropine.","authors":"Jun-Wei Chen, Chieh-Han Yu, Tzu-Chi Liu, Chi-Jie Lu, Tzu-En Wu","doi":"10.1097/JCMA.0000000000001414","DOIUrl":"10.1097/JCMA.0000000000001414","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The increasing global prevalence of pediatric myopia has led to the widespread use of atropine for myopia control. Despite its proven efficacy, variable treatment responses and complex interactions among refractive error, treatment duration, and dosage make individualized treatment challenging. Therefore, clinicians require decision support tools for personalized treatment management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective study analyzed 1545 pediatric myopic eyes treated with topical atropine at Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital (Taipei, Taiwan) between 2005 and 2008. The multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) approach was used to examine associations between baseline clinical characteristics, atropine exposure, changes in the spherical equivalent (SE), and myopic progression. Eight clinical predictors, including age, sex, Baseline SE, intraocular pressure (IOP), IOP changes, treatment duration, and cumulative and average monthly atropine dosages, were used. The model performance was evaluated via repeated cross-validation and benchmarked against standard linear regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Baseline SE was the strongest predictor of myopic progression, followed by cumulative atropine exposure and average monthly dosage. The MARS model demonstrated robust predictive performance (root mean square error = 0.540) and identified the baseline SE, cumulative atropine exposure, and average monthly dosage as the principal predictors of myopic progression. The average monthly dosage showed a nonlinear V-shaped relationship with a transition point near 11.66 mg/mo.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The baseline refractive status and atropine exposure were the principal factors associated with treatment response and may support individualized myopia management. The observed V-shaped pattern may reflect the treatment transition characteristics of the historical high-concentration atropine era (0.1%-1.0%), during which the atropine dosage was frequently adjusted according to the clinical response. This nonlinear pattern suggests that the treatment response varied across different levels of atropine exposure, warranting further clinical interpretation. Therefore, children receiving intermediate monthly dosages may represent a heterogeneous group undergoing physician-directed dose escalation, resulting in an apparent nonlinear relationship. Accordingly, this pattern most likely reflects real-world treatment strategies, rather than the intrinsic pharmacological effects of intermediate atropine dosages. These findings should be used for hypothesis generation and require prospective validation before influencing clinical dosing decisions.</p>","PeriodicalId":94115,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA","volume":" ","pages":"669-675"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13596932/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148763064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Suprapubic laparoscopic-assisted myomectomy.","authors":"Chia-Chieh Lee, Tsung-Hsuan Lai","doi":"10.1097/JCMA.0000000000001416","DOIUrl":"10.1097/JCMA.0000000000001416","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Minimally invasive myomectomy offers significant perioperative benefits, including reduced pain and faster recovery. Current approaches include conventional laparoscopic myomectomy (LM), single-port LM, and mini-laparotomy. We developed a hybrid technique, termed suprapubic laparoscopic-assisted myomectomy (SLAM), that combines the superior visualization of laparoscopy with the tactile feedback and suturing efficiency of mini-laparotomy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective comparative study evaluated the clinical rationale, safety, and feasibility of SLAM compared with conventional LM. Patients underwent conventional LM or SLAM according to patient preference following shared decision-making (SDM). Patients with a body mass index (BMI) >30 or myoma(s) >10 cm were excluded. All the procedures were performed by a single surgeon. Statistical analyses were performed using Student's t test (results presented as mean ± SD with 95% CI), the χ 2 test, or Fisher's exact test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-six patients with symptomatic uterine myomas were included, with 16 undergoing SLAM and 20 undergoing conventional LM. The average hospitalization duration was 4.19 ± 0.40 days for SLAM and 4.15 ± 0.49 days for LM ( p = 0.807). The operative time was comparable between the SLAM and LM groups (186.0 ± 59.3 minutes vs 213.8 ± 48.8 minutes; p = 0.133). Although estimated blood loss was lower in the SLAM group (140.6 ± 148.3 mL vs 197.5 ± 223.1 mL; p = 0.387), the difference did not reach statistical significance. Hemoglobin decrease was also comparable (1.14 ± 1.63 mg/dL vs 1.06 ± 1.87 mg/dL; p = 0.897). The blood transfusion rates were 18.8% (3/16) for the SLAM group and 15.0% (3/20) for the LM group ( p = 1.000). No major complications were observed in either group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>SLAM is a safe and feasible alternative to conventional LM and offers effective myometrial closure and specimen retrieval. While operative outcomes are comparable to conventional LM, SLAM provides a viable \"hybrid\" option for surgeons seeking to combine minimally invasive benefits with the precision of manual suturing.</p>","PeriodicalId":94115,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA","volume":" ","pages":"701-705"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13596959/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148803817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is it safe using organ-sparing surgery in place of complete resection?","authors":"Peng-Hui Wang","doi":"10.1097/JCMA.0000000000001359","DOIUrl":"10.1097/JCMA.0000000000001359","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94115,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA","volume":" ","pages":"650-651"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13596943/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147345617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urban-rural differences in health behaviors and cognition: Two Taiwanese older cohorts.","authors":"Yu-Ruei Lin, Li-Ning Peng, Wei-Ju Lee, Liang-Kung Chen, Chih-Ping Chung","doi":"10.1097/JCMA.0000000000001415","DOIUrl":"10.1097/JCMA.0000000000001415","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although urban-rural differences in dementia prevalence have been widely reported, little is known about whether vascular risk factors and health behaviors relate differently to cognitive function across urban and rural populations. This study investigated urban-rural differences in these factors and their associations with cognition.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed data on demographics, vascular risk factors, lifestyle factors, laboratory measures, and comprehensive neuropsychological assessments. Suboptimal cognition was defined as >1 SD below appropriate norms; predictors were examined using Firth's penalized likelihood logistic regression, followed by interaction analyses to assess region-specific associations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 1284 nondemented older adults were included, comprising 949 and 335 from the rural and urban cohort, respectively. Compared with the urban cohort, participants in the rural cohort were younger (70.1 ± 6.8 vs 71.3 ± 3.6 years, p < 0.001), more often male (49.6% vs 30.4%, p < 0.001), and less educated (4.0 ± 4.6 vs 14.2 ± 3.1 years, p < 0.001). In the rural cohort, higher systolic blood pressure (1.02, 95% CI: 1.01-1.04) and male sex (2.56, 1.49-4.44) were associated with suboptimal global cognition, whereas smoking cessation was protective (0.40, 0.20-0.79). Low physical activity (1.95, 1.35-2.80) further predicted suboptimal visuospatial function. No statistically significant associations were observed in the urban cohort after correction for multiple comparisons. Interaction analyses indicated that the associations between smoking cessation and global cognition ( p = 0.013) and between low physical activity and visuospatial function ( p = 0.033) differed significantly between the rural and urban cohorts, with stronger associations in the rural cohort.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Health behaviors showed stronger associations with cognitive function in the rural than in the urban cohort, warranting region-tailored prevention strategies. Urban-rural comparisons were based on two independent community cohorts; future studies using a single population-based cohort are needed to validate these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":94115,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA","volume":" ","pages":"661-668"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13596975/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148803796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PM 2.5 suppresses IL-8-mediated epithelial migration of human conjunctival epithelial cells.","authors":"Chueh-Tan Chen, Zhi-Hu Lin, Tung-Yi Lin, Sang-Nguyen-Cao Phan, Hsin Yeh, Wei-Ting Lin, Yue-Ling Li, Ching-Yao Tsai","doi":"10.1097/JCMA.0000000000001418","DOIUrl":"10.1097/JCMA.0000000000001418","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) is a major component of ambient air pollution and is a significant environmental health concern. The conjunctiva is continuously exposed to airborne pollutants, but the direct effects of PM 2.5 on conjunctival epithelial repair remain poorly understood. This study investigated whether PM 2.5 disrupts conjunctival epithelial homeostasis and examined the functional role of interleukin-8 (IL-8) in this process.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Immortalized human conjunctival epithelial cells (IM-HConEpiC) were exposed to PM 2.5 . Cell viability, apoptosis, epithelial migration, inflammatory mediators, and cytokine profiles were evaluated using biochemical, functional, and cytokine array analyses. The functional role of IL-8 was also determined using recombinant IL-8 supplementation and neutralization assays.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PM 2.5 exposure reduced conjunctival epithelial cell viability in a time- and concentration-dependent manner and induced mild apoptotic responses. More importantly, PM 2.5 markedly impaired epithelial migration and wound closure. Cytokine profiling revealed that PM 2.5 selectively remodeled inflammatory mediators, rather than eliciting a generalized inflammatory response. IL-8 was identified as the most prominently suppressed cytokine. Functional gain- and loss-of-function studies identified IL-8 as a key regulator of conjunctival epithelial repair. Specifically, recombinant IL-8 significantly restored PM 2.5 -induced impairment of epithelial migration and partially rescued the reduction in cell viability, whereas neutralization of endogenous IL-8 impaired epithelial migration under basal conditions, supporting a critical role for IL-8 in maintaining conjunctival epithelial homeostasis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PM 2.5 compromises conjunctival epithelial homeostasis, primarily by impairing epithelial repair, rather than inducing extensive cell death. This study identified IL-8 as an important regulator of conjunctival epithelial repair and suggests that suppression of IL-8 contributes to PM 2.5 -induced conjunctival dysfunction.</p>","PeriodicalId":94115,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA","volume":" ","pages":"684-693"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13596965/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148803801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}