Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS最新文献

{"title":"Letter to the Editor: Contemporary Concerns Regarding Laboratory Animal Feed.","authors":"Neil S Lipman","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-26-094","DOIUrl":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-26-094","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13446389/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148285024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machine Learning in Nonhuman Primate Models of Infectious Diseases: Current Applications and Future Perspectives.","authors":"Bon-Sang Koo, Remco A Nederlof, Eunsu Jeon, Gyu-Seo Bae, Dae-Soo Kim, Jung Joo Hong, Jaco Bakker","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-26-043","DOIUrl":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-26-043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The amount of biologic data produced by biomedical research has increased significantly in both volume and complexity in recent years. Advances in computational power have increasingly enabled the use of machine learning (ML) to analyze and predict patterns from large-scale, complex biologic datasets. In nonhuman primate (NHP) infectious disease models, such high-dimensional datasets containing a large number of features are often obtained by next-generation sequencing-based multiomics and immunologic analyses. As a result, ML is particularly valuable for effective analysis and predictive modeling in this context. This review demonstrates that the application of ML in NHP infectious disease models has increased over time. Ensemble methods, particularly random forest, have emerged as the most frequently used algorithms, followed by regression and clustering approaches. Logistic regression and hierarchical clustering were the most commonly applied regression and clustering methods, respectively. These techniques are primarily used for vaccine response prediction, biomarker discovery, disease progression analysis, gene and pathway identification, and immune response characterization. Despite this increasing trend, the overall adoption of ML in NHP infectious disease models remains limited, which may reflect gaps in familiarity and computational expertise among researchers. Recent advances in generative artificial intelligence and user-friendly analytical platforms are expected to improve accessibility and promote broader adoption. This review aims to support understanding and facilitate wider application of ML in NHP infectious disease models.</p>","PeriodicalId":94111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13446406/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148285053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychometric Properties of a Behavioral Sedation Scale for Green Iguanas (Iguana iguana).","authors":"André A Justo, Mariana C Sanches, Kurt K Sladky, Caio F M Lima, Adriano B Carregaro","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-26-060","DOIUrl":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-26-060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This prospective, randomized, complete crossover study evaluated the psychometric properties of a behavioral sedation scale in 8 adult green iguanas (Iguana iguana) following intramuscular administration of midazolam (2 mg/kg) or saline. Each animal underwent both treatments with a washout period of 7 days. Sedation was assessed in real time using a previously described behavioral scale comprising eye opening, head height, muscle tone, handling, and body righting reflex, with total scores ranging from 1 to 14. Assessments were performed at baseline and at multiple time points up to 360 minutes postinjection. Construct validity was assessed by comparing sedation scores over times, and internal consistency was calculated using the Cronbach α coefficient. A total of 23 videos were used to evaluate intra- and interrater reliability by 2 blinded, untrained observers experienced in lizard anesthesia. Midazolam significantly increased sedation scores compared with baseline from 10 to 120 minutes postinjection (P = 0.015 to P < 0.001), and scores were higher in midazolam-treated iguanas than in controls up to 300 minutes (P = 0.007). Internal consistency was excellent (Cronbach α = 0.835). Intrarater reliability was very good for total scores (intraclass correlation coefficient > 0.98) and individual items (weighted κ > 0.80). Interrater reliability ranged from poor to very good, with wide confidence intervals (95% intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.18-0.95), and disagreement between observers exceeded 1 point in 47.8% of videos. Strong correlations were observed between real-time and video-based scores (Spearman rs ≥ 0.9). These findings indicate that the scale effectively discriminates sedation and demonstrates strong internal consistency and repeatability; however, variability between observers suggests that training may be required to optimize its clinical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":94111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13641246/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148267678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association of Primate Veterinarians and the European Primate Veterinarians Position Statement on the Value of Nonhuman Primates in Research.","authors":"","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-26-057","DOIUrl":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-26-057","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13446385/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148267656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the Editor: Veterinary Expertise as a Foundation of Responsible Animal Research.","authors":"","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-26-089","DOIUrl":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-26-089","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13446383/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148285010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in the Northern Tree Shrew (Tupaia belangeri).","authors":"Alessandro P Lamacchia, Kevin M O'Brien, Kristin L Gardiner","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-26-028","DOIUrl":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-26-028","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Within a 2-year period, 5 adult, single-housed, northern tree shrews (Tupaia belangeri) presented for a range of clinical signs including lethargy, hindlimb lameness, decreased visual acuity, polyuria, and polydipsia. Diagnostic findings, including point-of-care blood glucose and ketone measurements, urine dipstick analysis, insulin, fructosamine, and glycosylated hemoglobin levels, and gross and histopathologic lesions, were consistent with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Although spontaneous diabetes mellitus has been reported in other members of the order Scandentia, to our knowledge, this represents the first published case series describing naturally occurring type 2 diabetes mellitus in the northern tree shrew.</p>","PeriodicalId":94111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13641237/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148267693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of IVC Microenvironments During an Extended Cage-Change Interval in Rats (Rattus norvegicus).","authors":"Selena Guerrero-Martin, Joanna N Copio, Kerith R Luchins, Allison M Ostdiek, Jessica L Felgenhauer","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-26-056","DOIUrl":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-26-056","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sanitation frequencies for rat caging in the research setting are largely based on recommendations from the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and extrapolated from mouse studies evaluating extended cage-change intervals and different bedding types. This study sought to develop evidence-based recommendations for rat husbandry practices by comparing the impact of paper pulp cellulose (PPC) and corncob (CC) bedding on IVC microenvironments over a 7-, 14-, and 21-day cage-change frequency. Ammonia levels, urine latrine sizes, and overall health of the animals were evaluated over this time. At days 7, 14, and 21 results demonstrate mean ammonia levels of 59.2, 118.4, and 114 ppm for PPC and 7.3, 79.9, and 104.3 ppm for CC as well as average latrine sizes of 2.8, 21.4, and 37.2 cm2 for PPC and 40.5, 185, and 283 cm2 for CC, respectively. A cost-savings analysis compared annual personnel labor costs associated with various cage-change frequencies as well as cost differences in bedding type. This analysis demonstrated that 14- and 21-day intervals and the switch from CC to PPC bedding both provide cost savings benefits.</p>","PeriodicalId":94111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13641245/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148310738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aquatic Advancements: Refining and Validating a Zebrafish Survival Blood Collection Technique.","authors":"Faazal Rehman, Courtney Murray, Kerith R Luchins, Jessica L Felgenhauer, Genevieve Remmers, George P Langan, Darya Mailhiot","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-26-008","DOIUrl":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-26-008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The zebrafish (Danio rerio) has become a cornerstone model organism for studying vertebrate development, human diseases, drug discovery, and toxicology. A key challenge in leveraging this model lies in the need for repeatable, nonlethal blood sampling, essential for longitudinal studies. Due to the aquatic environment, lack of easily accessible vasculature, small size, and blood volume of this species, blood sampling of zebrafish presents a unique set of biologic, technical, and logistical challenges. Despite advancements, standardized survival blood collection protocols for zebrafish remain underdeveloped. We refined and validated a survival blood collection methodology using the dorsal aorta as an accessible vascular site. We used anesthetized fish, precise glass pipette creation for microscale blood draws, and the adoption of safe capillary collection techniques, enabling the ability to perform blood collection weekly for up to 4 weeks. Both male and female zebrafish were evaluated to account for potential sex-based differences, enhancing reproducibility and translational relevance. Hemoglobin (Hgb) levels were monitored as a biomarker of anemia, alongside behavioral and clinical assessments. Histopathological analyses showed no significant differences in tissue response between 1 and up to 4 blood draws. Hgb values decreased proportionately to increasing blood collection volumes, while behavioral and clinical assessments revealed no observable detriment even at higher blood volumes. This study presents a validated and standardized application of previously described survival blood collection techniques, demonstrating the feasibility of repeated sampling over 4 weeks while incorporating behavioral and histopathologic outcome measures relevant to clinical tolerance and longitudinal study design, thus continually broadening zebrafish utility in preclinical research.</p>","PeriodicalId":94111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13249407/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147864887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence of Spontaneous Ocular Lesions in Laboratory Animals.","authors":"Hongjing Cheng, Jonathan Gao, Yongdong Zhou","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-25-185","DOIUrl":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-25-185","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study was to establish a database of spontaneous ocular lesions in various laboratory animal species and to facilitate the evaluation of study findings in a preclinical toxicity study. Ophthalmologic examination (OE) records for laboratory animals before experiments from 2008 to 2023 were collected from the Provantis system at WuXi AppTec (Suzhou, China), including 23,388 CD-1 mice, 1,838 C57BL/6J mice, 193,076 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, 2,295 Wistar rats, 1,875 New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits, 1,794 Dutch belted (DB) rabbits, 32,919 Beagle dogs, 1,153 Bama minipigs, 23,706 cynomolgus monkeys, and 310 rhesus monkeys. These raw data were analyzed using the Fisher exact test. The most apparent features were as follows. SD and Wistar rats showed significantly higher incidences of corneal opacity (72.50% and 77.63%) compared with the other species, as well as persistent hyaloid artery (7.93%) and persistent pupillary membrane (2.75%); C57BL/6J mice had a significantly higher incidence of lens opacity (75.57%) compared with the other species; CD-1mice had more eccentric pupils (6.97%); rabbits were observed with more vitreous opacity and conjunctival hyperemia (12.88% and 1.88%); nontapetal redness was observed in dogs (2.83%); Bama minipigs showed higher incidences in ocular discharge, lens pigmentation, and esotropia (2.78%, 3.14%, and 2.25%); and leopard fundus was mostly found in monkeys (10.32%). The discrepancies between our results and relevant literature may be attributed to variations in genetic background, ingredients of diet, study sample size, and examination records. This study underlines the importance of establishing an in-house spontaneous lesion database.</p>","PeriodicalId":94111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13249220/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147864897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the Editor.","authors":"Michael Guarnieri","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-26-064","DOIUrl":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-26-064","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13249343/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147936635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}