Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS最新文献_第3页

Detection and Remediation of Pneumocystis murina Infections by Environmental Health Monitoring. 环境卫生监测对鼠肺囊虫感染的检测与修复。

Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-25-062

Lauren M Habenicht, Shari Hamilton, Marcia L Hart, Michael K Fink, Derek L Fong, Jori K Leszczynski, Christopher A Manuel

{"title":"Detection and Remediation of Pneumocystis murina Infections by Environmental Health Monitoring.","authors":"Lauren M Habenicht, Shari Hamilton, Marcia L Hart, Michael K Fink, Derek L Fong, Jori K Leszczynski, Christopher A Manuel","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-25-062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-25-062","url":null,"abstract":"The increased sensitivity of PCR testing for environmental health monitoring compared with soiled bedding sentinel (SBS) serology can identify rodent pathogens thought to be excluded from a research animal facility. Exhaust dust testing for rodent pathogen surveillance revealed the presence of Pneumocystis murina in 3 colonies that was undetected in previous years of SBS serologic testing. This case series describes the process of follow-up testing used to identify and eliminate or isolate animals infected with P. murina. PCR testing of exhaust dust at the rack, row, and cage level on individually ventilated cage (IVC) racks was leveraged to identify all infected cages. Based on our experience, IVCs and standard cage handling practices are sufficient to contain this organism in mice with altered immune systems, which can harbor chronic P. murina infections. Institutions with an active mouse import program are at ongoing risk of accepting P. murina-positive animals from institutions still relying on SBS serology to identify this pathogen. PCR testing of rodent cage-generated dust can be used to pinpoint P. murina-infected mice housed on IVC racks.","PeriodicalId":94111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144692883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characteristics of Tuberculosis Tests Performed during Postimport Quarantine of Nonhuman Primates, United States, 2021 to 2024. 2021年至2024年美国非人类灵长类动物入境后检疫期间进行的结核病检测的特征

Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-25-057

Samantha D Swisher, Sara J Taetzsch, Mark E Laughlin, William L Walker, Kimberly A Lehman, Anne Carroll, Doris M Bravo, Adam J Langer, Emily G Pieracci

{"title":"Characteristics of Tuberculosis Tests Performed during Postimport Quarantine of Nonhuman Primates, United States, 2021 to 2024.","authors":"Samantha D Swisher, Sara J Taetzsch, Mark E Laughlin, William L Walker, Kimberly A Lehman, Anne Carroll, Doris M Bravo, Adam J Langer, Emily G Pieracci","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-25-057","DOIUrl":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-25-057","url":null,"abstract":"Screening nonhuman primates (NHPs) for tuberculosis (TB) is important to protect the health of NHP colonies and people who interact with them. Screening is especially important for imported NHPs from countries where TB is prevalent and biosecurity practices may be lax. There are a variety of testing methods available for TB screening and diagnosis in NHPs; all have limitations, and their performance in different settings is incompletely characterized. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) collects TB testing results as part of its regulatory oversight of NHP importation. We collated the results of tuberculin skin tests (TSTs), interferon-γ release assays (IGRAs), multiplexed fluorometric immunoassay (MFIA), Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex PCR, staining for acid-fast bacilli (AFB), and culture of bacteria from tissues for imported NHPs in CDC-mandated quarantine during fiscal years 2021 to 2024. We used these data to assess test performance and intertest agreement for the different tests used. Among 107 imported NHPs tested, TST and IGRA were the most common antemortem tests performed, but they agreed poorly with each other and with culture. AFB staining and PCR exhibited moderate agreement and high positive predictive values using culture as the gold standard. The most commonly affected tissues were lungs and tracheobronchial lymph nodes, regardless of the Mycobacterium sp. identified. Further research is needed to identify and validate additional methods for TB testing in NHPs, particularly for antemortem screening. Tissue acid-fast staining and PCR exhibited high positive predictive values and could be useful to inform policies and clinical decisions about colony management and occupational health while awaiting culture results.","PeriodicalId":94111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12398328/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144762881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Pruritus and Unkempt Coat in a New Zealand White Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). 新西兰白兔（Oryctolagus cuniculus）瘙痒和毛不整齐。

Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-25-088

Diana E Hasler, Jarukit E Long, Kourtney P Nickerson, Patrick A Lester, Tara L Martin, Zachary T Freeman

引用次数: 0

Multicenter Analysis of the Attributable Diarrhea Risk and Odds Ratios of Pathogens in Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta) Using Multiplex PCR Gastrointestinal Panel Testing and Conventional Fecal Culture. 利用多重PCR胃肠道面板检测和常规粪便培养对恒河猴（Macaca mulatta）致病菌归因腹泻风险和优势比的多中心分析

Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-25-039

Andrew J Haertel, Samuel McCoy, Colleen S McCoy, Marcelo Delos Reyes, Heidi Palmer, Paul-Michael Sosa, Madeline C Burke, Massiel Melendez, Peter B Nham, Gregory Timmel, JoAnn Yee, Koen K A Van Rompay, Jeffrey A Roberts, L Drew Martin

{"title":"Multicenter Analysis of the Attributable Diarrhea Risk and Odds Ratios of Pathogens in Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta) Using Multiplex PCR Gastrointestinal Panel Testing and Conventional Fecal Culture.","authors":"Andrew J Haertel, Samuel McCoy, Colleen S McCoy, Marcelo Delos Reyes, Heidi Palmer, Paul-Michael Sosa, Madeline C Burke, Massiel Melendez, Peter B Nham, Gregory Timmel, JoAnn Yee, Koen K A Van Rompay, Jeffrey A Roberts, L Drew Martin","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-25-039","DOIUrl":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-25-039","url":null,"abstract":"Diarrhea remains the largest disease burden of rhesus macaques in research. Often, the urgency to initiate targeted treatment needs to be balanced with the time needed to accurately diagnose the causative agent. Multiplex PCR gastrointestinal panel testing was compared with conventional fecal culture in a case control study of diarrhea in rhesus macaques. Animals enrolled in the study were from 2 different institutions and 2 different housing environments. Detection of Shigella and Yersinia by fecal culture had higher odds ratios of diarrhea and higher attributable diarrhea risk than did their detection by PCR testing. Multiplex PCR testing had a wider scope of detectable pathogens. The findings of this study provide odds ratios that indicate significant associations between pathogens and diarrhea and attributable diarrhea risk of pathogens that can be ranked relative to each pathogen to provide a guide to clinicians when choosing pathogens to treat with antimicrobials. We have shown that the attributable diarrhea risk of detected pathogens differs depending on which diagnostic method is used, and that our understanding of their detection should be reevaluated when new diagnostics are introduced.","PeriodicalId":94111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144661466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effect of Anesthesia on Hematologic Parameters of Female Domestic Swine (Sus scrofa domestica). 麻醉对母猪血液学参数的影响。

Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-25-018

McKayla M Carlson, Joseph D Sciurba, Kim E Saunders, Jennifer H Kopanke

{"title":"Effect of Anesthesia on Hematologic Parameters of Female Domestic Swine (Sus scrofa domestica).","authors":"McKayla M Carlson, Joseph D Sciurba, Kim E Saunders, Jennifer H Kopanke","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-25-018","DOIUrl":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-25-018","url":null,"abstract":"Swine are commonly used in biomedical research as surgical models and in other experiments requiring the use of anesthesia. Isoflurane is a common inhalant anesthetic used in swine that has been shown to alter hematologic parameters in other species. However, the effects of isoflurane on hematologic parameters of swine over time have not been defined. In this study, we examined the effect of isoflurane anesthesia on hematologic parameters in 29 female Yorkshire/Landrace hybrid domestic swine at 3 timepoints. A secondary objective was to compare hematologic values in isoflurane-anesthetized animals that received intramuscular tiletamine-zolazepam (TZ) or a combination of ketamine-acepromazine-hydromorphone (KAH) for induction. Swine were induced with TZ or KAH, followed by nose cone delivery of 3.5% to 5% isoflurane to facilitate endotracheal intubation, and maintained with 1.75% to 3.5% isoflurane. Venous whole blood was collected for hematologic analysis at baseline upon recumbency after intramuscular administration of TZ or KAH, and at 30 min (T30) and 60 min (T60) of isoflurane administration. There were significant decreases in red blood cell (RBC) count, hematocrit (Hct), and hemoglobin after 30 min of isoflurane anesthesia, and between 30 and 60 min of isoflurane anesthesia. Hct decreased from 35.4% at baseline to 31.8% after 30 min of isoflurane anesthesia, and 31.1% after 60 min of isoflurane anesthesia. The decrease in RBC parameters was accompanied by a significant increase in reticulocyte count at T30 and T60 compared with baseline. When comparing the TZ and KAH groups, Hct and hemoglobin were significantly lower at T30 and T60 in the TZ group, and WBC and neutrophils were significantly higher at T60 in the KAH group. These results indicate that anesthesia alters certain hematologic parameters in swine, thus veterinarians and researchers should take care to avoid misinterpretation of CBCs when blood is collected from anesthetized swine.","PeriodicalId":94111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144661464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Refining In-Cage Enrichment for Specialized Mouse Scenarios. 细化笼内富集为专门的老鼠方案。

Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-24-155

Stephanie Oldham, Emily Minton, Michael Ford, Heather Phariss, Xiaokang Luo, Robin Kastenmayer, Erin Straley

{"title":"Refining In-Cage Enrichment for Specialized Mouse Scenarios.","authors":"Stephanie Oldham, Emily Minton, Michael Ford, Heather Phariss, Xiaokang Luo, Robin Kastenmayer, Erin Straley","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-24-155","DOIUrl":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-24-155","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental enrichment is a critical component of a high-quality animal care and use program to provide opportunities for species-specific behaviors and redirect abnormal repetitive behaviors. We used a scoring system to review our enrichment for singly housed mice to assess usage of supplied items. Following the confirmation of utilization of the selected enrichment, we applied the scoring system to address 2 cases of abnormal behavior. Repetitive food shredding in CD-1 mice was reduced by both manzanita sticks and running wheels; however, manzanita sticks were selected for operational ease. Focal auricular trauma associated with ear tags in BALB/c mice was decreased when gnawing items were provided, thus slowing the deterioration of ear tag condition. Scoring for all 3 studies focused on use of the enrichment, incorporation into the nest, or reduction of abnormal repetitive behavior. The development of a scoring system permits the objective assessment and selection of enrichment for unique scenarios, thus enhancing animal welfare and permitting a standardized way to evaluate enrichment for specialized projects.","PeriodicalId":94111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144661467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Assessment of Opioid Analgesia in New Zealand White Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) Using Thermal Threshold Testing. 热阈值法评价新西兰大白兔阿片镇痛作用。

Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-25-061

Linda S Barter

{"title":"Assessment of Opioid Analgesia in New Zealand White Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) Using Thermal Threshold Testing.","authors":"Linda S Barter","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-25-061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-25-061","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed to evaluate the effect of opioids on thermal threshold in rabbits. Eight healthy female New Zealand White rabbits randomly received each of 10 treatments at least 7 d apart. Treatments were morphine (1, 3, and 5 mg/kg), buprenorphine (0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mg/kg), butorphanol (0.4, 0.8, and 1.6 mg/kg), and 0.9% saline all in equivalent volume of saline administered subcutaneously. Sedation scores and thermal threshold were evaluated prior to and at 30, 60, 120, 180, 240, and 300 min after treatment by a blinded observer. Sedation was assessed using a scoring system from 0 (unconscious) to 4 (normal) plus an additional category of 5 for excited behavior or increased activity. Morphine, at all 3 doses tested, increased thermal excursion (thermal threshold minus skin temperature) with effects from 3 to 5 mg/kg lasting to the 240-min evaluation. All morphine doses produced some degree of sedation. Buprenorphine (0.1 mg/kg) increased thermal excursion at 60 and 120 min and produced mild sedation. Two, 6, and 7 of the 8 rabbits took 12 to 18 h to urinate after administration of buprenorphine at 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mg/kg, respectively. Both saline and butorphanol had no effect on thermal threshold. Behavioral effects of butorphanol varied with some animals being sedated and some displaying heightened activity. Following butorphanol at 1.6 mg/kg, 5 of the 8 rabbits scored 5 at some time point. All rabbits had eaten and defecated within 12 h of all treatments.","PeriodicalId":94111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144762880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Focal Ophthalmic Lesion in a New Zealand White Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). 新西兰白兔（Oryctolagus cuniculus）眼部局灶性病变。

Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-25-086

Matthew Boulanger, Lucy Kennedy, Yannis M Paulus, Benjamin Curtis

引用次数: 0

Double-Chambered Right Ventricle and Intraventricular Thrombosis Mimicking Double-Chambered Right Ventricle in Cynomolgus Monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). 食蟹猴双室右心室和模拟双室右心室的心室内血栓形成。

Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-25-005

Ibuki Yoneda, Shunya Nakayama, Tadashi Sankai, Yasuyo Ito-Fujishiro, Yasuhiro Yasutomi, Hiroshi Koie, Naohide Ageyama

引用次数: 0

Rodent Pathogen Detection via Testing of Soiled Nesting Material. 用污秽筑巢材料检测啮齿动物病原体。

Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS Pub Date : 2025-07-01 DOI: 10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-25-037

David M Kurtz, Lisa Angermeier, Maximilian Chisolm, Michael Johnston, Tanya Whiteside, Jacqueline Locklear, Min Shi

{"title":"Rodent Pathogen Detection via Testing of Soiled Nesting Material.","authors":"David M Kurtz, Lisa Angermeier, Maximilian Chisolm, Michael Johnston, Tanya Whiteside, Jacqueline Locklear, Min Shi","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-25-037","DOIUrl":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-25-037","url":null,"abstract":"Murine pathogens affect laboratory animal health and research outcomes, and the prevention of pathogen incursion or the elimination of pathogen outbreaks is paramount. To this end, sensitive methods for pathogen detection are continually being developed and improved. Environmental health monitoring has become a popular and sensitive method for pathogen detection. Published methods for environmental sampling include the collection and testing of exhaust air filters, exhaust air duct swabs, and swabs or filter media placement in empty cages with soiled bedding. Our study tested soiled, cotton nesting material (Nestlet™) in occupied cages for the detection of nucleic acid from certain, high-prevalence, murine pathogens. Nesting material from cages housing mice positive for mouse norovirus, Helicobacter spp., and Rodentibacter heylii consistently tested positive for these agents. In addition, nesting material from cages housing naïve mice to which soiled bedding from the infected cages was transferred tested positive for these agents more often than testing the mice directly. This study concluded that testing of particulate material (for example, dust) from soiled nesting material is a sensitive detection method for certain, high-prevalence murine pathogens.","PeriodicalId":94111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144661468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0