Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS最新文献

{"title":"Iridophoroma in Leopard Geckos (Eublepharis macularius): Clinical Complications and Histopathology.","authors":"Matthew Boulanger, Yao Lee, Jill Keller","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-25-095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-25-095","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Leopard geckos (Eublepharis macularius) with lemon frost morphologies are predisposed to iridophoroma, attributed to a tumor suppressor gene mutation also associated with melanoma in humans. In this case series, we describe the clinical presentation, diagnostics, complications, and pathology of iridophoroma in 4 adult leopard geckos, including 2 super lemon frost females and 2 lemon frost males. All animals presented with hyporexia, intermittent lethargy, weight loss, submandibular masses, and oral plaques. In addition, females demonstrated asymmetric coelomic distension, and one male developed altered mentation. Initial differential diagnoses included metabolic disorders, gastrointestinal infectious diseases, and neoplasia. During clinical management of these cases, ultrasonography revealed hyperechoic hepatic nodules in all animals. Fine needle aspiration (FNA) of the subcutaneous submandibular masses found clusters of mesenchymal cells with abundant cytoplasm containing fine birefringent granules. Due to continued decline and poor prognosis, animals were euthanized and submitted for necropsy. Gross examination of all 4 geckos demonstrated skin thickening by white masses throughout the body and multifocal white hepatic plaques. Two females showed yellow, enlarged ovaries, and one of the males had hard intraluminal debris in the urinary bladder. Histopathology of the skin throughout the body showed the dermis and subcutis were infiltrated by myriad pleomorphic, ovoid to fusiform, brown-pigmented neoplastic cells characterized by abundant birefringent intra- and extracellular granules. FNA, ultrasound, necropsy, and histopathology results were consistent with diagnosis of malignant iridophoroma with metastasis to multiple visceral organs including the brain and ovary. In addition, both females developed preovulatory follicular stasis (POFS)-associated oophoritis, and one of the males demonstrated urolithiasis; all of which were considered as metabolic imbalance-related pathology due to hyporexia or tumor invasion. This report illustrates the diagnostic features of FNA, ultrasound, and histopathology of malignant iridophoroma in leopard geckos. It also discusses POFS and urolithiasis as multisystemic sequelae to malignant tumors in geckos.</p>","PeriodicalId":94111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145133063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Long-Term Carprofen and Omeprazole Administration in C57BL/6J Mice.","authors":"Abby Bernardini, Brianne Taylor, Matlock Jeffries","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-25-069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-25-069","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Osteoarthritis is the leading cause of disability in the United States and affects approximately half of adults over the age of 65. Many osteoarthritis patients take nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on a long-term basis, often concurrently with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), such as omeprazole, to prevent gastric ulceration. Mice (Mus musculus) are a commonly used animal model of osteoarthritis. There are little data regarding long-term administration of NSAIDs or coadministration of PPIs and NSAIDs in mice. This study sought to determine if administration of carprofen, a commonly used veterinary NSAID, has adverse effects when administered for 21 days and if coadministration of omeprazole reduces the incidence of adverse effects. Four groups of C57BL/6J male (n = 5/group) and female (n = 5/group) mice were weighed daily and administered 10 mg/kg carprofen and 8.2 mg/kg omeprazole, 10 mg/kg carprofen, 8.2 mg/kg omeprazole, or control suspension once daily by oral gavage for 21 days. All mice were euthanized, and complete blood count (CBC), serum chemistry, fecal occult blood, and pyloric histopathology and gastritis scoring were conducted. All animals remained clinically healthy for the duration of the study. White blood cell counts (WBCs) and platelets were significantly lower in the carprofen and omeprazole group. Neutrophil counts were significantly lower in the carprofen and omeprazole and the carprofen groups. Compared with the control group, albumin was significantly higher in the carprofen group. Fecal occult blood tests were negative for all animals. No animals had pyloric mucosal ulceration, and gastritis scores were not significantly different between groups. Body weight significantly decreased for all groups over time, with no significant differences among treatment groups. Carprofen and omeprazole may be safely administered to C57BL/6J mice for 21 days but may induce significant changes in CBC and serum chemistry.</p>","PeriodicalId":94111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145133106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolic Cage Analysis of Surgically Catheterized C57BL/6J Mice (Mus musculus) Treated with Carprofen and Sustained-Release Buprenorphine.","authors":"Jui Rose Tu, Marissa Saenz, Elizabeth Bloom-Saldana, Patrick T Fueger","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-25-096","DOIUrl":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-25-096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Federal regulations require that appropriate analgesia be provided to laboratory animals for pain control. Carprofen and buprenorphine are 2 common analgesics used for laboratory mice (Mus musculus). However, given the potential gastrointestinal side effects that these analgesics have in various species, the impact of these analgesics on mice used in metabolic studies could be concerning. To investigate the impact of carprofen and sustained-release buprenorphine on food consumption, activity level, and whole-body metabolism, we administered carprofen alone or in combination with sustained-release buprenorphine to mice that underwent jugular vein and carotid artery catheterization, or a sham surgery. The mice were individually housed in instrumented metabolic cages to continuously quantify food consumption, activity levels, and energy expenditure by indirect calorimetry. We hypothesized that catheterized mice receiving both carprofen and sustained-release buprenorphine would have decreased food consumption and increased activity level compared with mice which received sham surgery and carprofen, and that catheterized mice treated with carprofen only would have similar food consumption and activity level as sham mice which received carprofen. Our results demonstrate that during the initial 12 hours after surgery, catheterized mice that received both carprofen and sustained-release buprenorphine were more active than sham mice which received carprofen, and they were more active and consumed more food than catheterized mice which received carprofen only. Our study demonstrated that analgesia regimen can affect metabolic parameters, thus, researchers should carefully consider the effects that analgesic drugs can have on mice when designing metabolic or behavioral experiments.</p>","PeriodicalId":94111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145133117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulmonary Thromboembolism Due to Intravenous Fibrocyte Administration in C57BL/6J Mice (Mus musculus) and Recommendations for Refinement.","authors":"Dalis E Collins, Chris Fry, Ingrid L Bergin, Jean Nemzek","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-25-051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-25-051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cell therapy is a promising field of study for a range of diseases for which traditional therapies have failed. A primary problem for this therapy type in human medicine is failure of treatment efficacy due to the first pass trapping effect of the lung. Consequently, in rodents where these therapies are trialed, animals can be significantly affected by pulmonary thromboembolism due to the inherently smaller vessel sizes. Several different mechanisms for this have been demonstrated for rodent models, and several pharmacologic treatments have been proposed. In a C57BL/6J mouse model of cecal ligation and puncture, significant mortality was observed immediately after intravenous adoptive transfer of cultured fibrocytes. Antemortem clinical signs consisted of peracute dyspnea and lateral recumbency. Necropsy was performed on 3 affected mice, and heart and lung tissue were evaluated histologically. Cause of death was identified as acute thromboembolism of pulmonary arterioles. Special staining supported that the thromboemboli were caused by reticular fibers produced in culture by the transferred fibrocytes that were not removed by pretransfer cell isolation techniques. Prior literature describes either de novo thrombus formation or mechanical occlusion of pulmonary capillaries by transferred cells as the primary causes for pulmonary thromboembolism in rodent models of intravenous cell transfer. We present a novel mechanism in this case series and describe refinement steps such as the use of enhanced filtration steps during cell isolation and decreased cell concentration for administration. These refinements significantly reduced mortality in follow-up intravenous adoptive transfer experiments with C57BL/6J mice, improving animal welfare and enhancing research productivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":94111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145240665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Institutional Cost Savings and Improved Pathogen Detection by Replacing Sentinel Mice with Environmental Soiled Bedding Health Monitoring Methods.","authors":"Maggie L Tu-Wood, Marcia L Hart, Robert S Livingston, Kathleen M Donovan, Sarah A Hansen","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-25-087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-25-087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Use of soiled bedding sentinels (SBS) for rodent colony health monitoring is limited by inconsistent pathogen detection, reliance on live animals, high costs, and labor intensity. Sentinel-free soiled bedding (SFSB) offers a viable alternative for all rodent housing systems, overcoming limitations by using PCR testing of matrices exposed to soiled bedding. As an alternative, a matrix may be exposed to all cages via direct colony dredging (DCD). This study compared pathogen detection and costs between SFSB, DCD, and SBS for mice housed in individually-ventilated cage rack system cages. For each study rack, SFSB was performed with one matrix shaken in composite soiled bedding, while DCD was performed with a second matrix exposed to all soiled cages on the rack using a dredging method. We hypothesized that the SFSB and DCD matrices would detect Rodentibacter heylii, Rodentibacter pneumotropicus, Helicobacter typhlonius, Helicobacter mastomyrinus, Helicobacter hepaticus, Helicobacter bilis, Helicobacter rodentium, Helicobacter ganmani, and murine norovirus (MNV) with equal or superior efficacy to SBS, at a comparable or reduced program cost. All SBS failed to detect R. heylii, R. pneumotropicus, H. typhlonius, H. mastomyrinus, H. hepaticus, H. bilis, H. rodentium, and H. ganmani when tested by fecal PCR, and 25% failed to detect MNV when tested via serology. In contrast, SFSB and DCD matrices detected MNV, R. heylii, R. pneumotropicus, H. typhlonius, H. mastomyrinus, H. hepaticus, H. bilis, H. rodentium, and H. ganmani even with low pathogen prevalence, although neither method achieved 100% detection. DCD had negative ergonomic, workflow, and labor challenges compared with SFSB. Overall, SFSB and DCD had reduced costs and superior pathogen detection compared with SBS, while SFSB provided the most efficient and user-friendly approach for health monitoring by this institution.</p>","PeriodicalId":94111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144812735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Extended- and Immediate-Release Buprenorphine Formulations on Pharmacokinetics and Injection Site Lesions in Different Strains and Sex of Mice.","authors":"Susan Bolin, Wayne R Buck, Yan Sun, Donna Strasburg, Paige Ebert, DeAnne Stolarik, Yue-Ting Wang, Natalie Bratcher-Petersen, Sarah Clark","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-25-011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-25-011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Buprenorphine is a commonly used analgesic in laboratory rodents for procedures of moderate to severe pain. We evaluated the pharmacokinetic properties of an immediate-release formulation of buprenorphine (Bup-IR) and an extended-release formulation (Bup-ER) in both sexes of 4 different strains of mice (C57BL/6, CD-1, BALB/c, and CB17 SCID) commonly used for dermatology and oncology research at our institution. Skin at the injection site was evaluated for 7 days postinoculation and scored for reactions and then collected for histopathologic analyses. Body weights were evaluated at 1 and 4 days postinoculation. We hypothesized that the administration of Bup-ER would provide a longer duration of blood drug concentration (>1 ng/mL; minimum analgesia threshold) compared with single-dose Bup-IR. We analyzed the standard dose for Bup-IR (0.3 mg/kg) and for Bup-ER (1 mg/kg), along with saline vehicle with blood collected at 1, 4, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours following administration of Bup-ER and 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 hours following administration of Bup-IR using MS. Bup-ER and Bup-IR levels were consistent among sexes of a given strain but varied between strains. Skin reactions, body weight loss, and histopathologic changes were greater in the Bup-ER-treated mice with some sex and strain differences. Due to changes found on histopathology of the skin sections taken from the injection site for Bup-ER-inoculated mice, a separate study to determine cytokine release following Bup-ER injection was performed and revealed only minor changes in a few cytokines. In conclusion, Bup-ER provided longer duration analgesia (>1 ng/mL) compared with Bup-IR. Based on differences found in the strains of mice evaluated, we recommend performing pharmacokinetic analyses for a given strain to determine the best dosing frequency and dose of buprenorphine (IR or ER) for procedures that require analgesia.</p>","PeriodicalId":94111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145254199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lessons Learned from Monitoring Adeno-Associated Virus-9 Neutralizing Antibody (AAV9-NAb) Seroconversion in a Cohort of Cynomolgus Macaques (Macaca fascicularis).","authors":"Rosemary V Santos, Arpana Khatri, Kate E Breyer, Jan Bernal, Judith Franco, Rajeev Dhawan, Conner Balzer, Marla Bazile, Maureen Hargaden, Mikele Simkins, Suryanarayan Somananthan","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-24-163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-24-163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study was to track seroconversion in a cohort of 12, pair-housed, macaques that were previously screened negative for adeno-associated virus-9 neutralizing antibody (AAV9-NAb). Over a 6-month period, specific biosecurity strategies were implemented with the intention of understanding if following defined protocols could play a role in preservation of AAV9-NAb negative status. AAV9-NAb-negative animals were selected for shipment to the facility approximately 2 months after the initial screening. After arrival, animals were paired and housed in a single room with a dedicated housing corridor, cage wash, and equipment. They were then screened for AAV9-NAb status monthly by 2 different labs to confirm results and ascertain potential for variation of results. Upon initial screening at the facility (within one week of arrival), 2 of the 12 NHPs that were seronegative before shipment had seroconverted to AAV9-NAb positive status. The positive animals and their negative partners were moved to a different room but remained within the same isolated corridor with the same biosecurity practices. Serum that was taken on a monthly basis was also used to screen other AAVs. At the end of the 6-month period, AAV9 NAb status did not change from the time the animals were initially screened on site until the end of the study. Paired animals that were cohoused in the same cage with a positive partner did not seroconvert. Although a control group was not used to validate that biosecurity practices played a role in mitigating seroconversion, unpublished data from a facility employing less restricted biosecurity strategies suggest that the seroconversion process involves a more intricate process.</p>","PeriodicalId":94111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144812736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Direct Colony Sampling Compared with Sentinel-Free Soiled Bedding Testing for Murine Quarantine Programs.","authors":"Kerith R Luchins, Blaire Holliday, Faazal Rehman, Chago J Bowers, Allison M Ostdiek, George P Langan, Jessica L Felgenhauer","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-25-099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-25-099","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sentinel-free soiled bedding (SFSB) is a form of environmental health monitoring that is an efficient method for monitoring rodent colony health. In contrast to direct colony sampling (DCS), when using PCR testing, SFSB can detect both active and past infections and is a less invasive method, classifying it as refinement. In this study, we compared DCS and SFSB for quarantine health monitoring in terms of their effectiveness in detecting pathogens during a 14-day quarantine program. In addition, we performed a time and motion study to examine the time required for each sampling method. We hypothesized that SFSB testing for quarantine would exhibit a greater degree of sensitivity than DCS for the tested pathogen list and take less time to perform. Eleven shipping containers, each containing 4-5 male or female mice aged 6-11 weeks, were subjected to simulated shipping stress as would occur during importation. During the 14-day quarantine, DCS samples included oral swabs, adhesive pelt swabs, and fresh fecal pellets that were pooled per cage and collected on days 0 (baseline) and 7. Each cage was given its own soiled-bedding sampling system, and SFSB samples were comprised of 3 groups: day 0, day 7, and a combination of days 0 and 7. There were no statistically significant differences between the 3 different SFSB sample time points (day 0, day 7, and days 0 and 7 combined) for all pathogens evaluated (P > 0.05). In addition, there were no statistically significant differences between the DCS day 7 and the days 0 and 7 combined SFSB time point for all pathogens evaluated (P > 0.05). Furthermore, SFSB was shown to be less time-consuming than DCS. Thus, SFSB sampling should be considered for quarantine health monitoring programs, as it has similar sensitivity to DCS, is a refinement, and offers a time-saving benefit.</p>","PeriodicalId":94111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145240648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abdominal Distension in an Aged Female Mouse (Mus musculus).","authors":"Hailey Maresca-Fichter, Stephanie Yang, Yao Lee","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-25-089","DOIUrl":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-25-089","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS","volume":" ","pages":"1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144812734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Experimental Models of Feline Kidney Disease.","authors":"Matthew K Wun, Nicolas F Villarino","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-25-049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30802/AALAS-JAALAS-25-049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a leading cause of mortality in cats, yet no treatments currently exist to reverse or halt its progression. This lack of therapeutic options stems partly from a limited understanding of the disease pathogenesis and the complexities of its heterogeneous nature. Experimental models of kidney disease are crucial for advancing research and improving treatment outcomes. These models facilitate the identification of biomarkers, elucidate disease mechanisms, and enable the testing of potential therapies. Several feline-specific models, such as ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), remnant kidney (RK), and toxin-induced injury (TI), have been developed to study feline kidney disease. Each model has distinct advantages and limitations, making the careful selection of appropriate models critical for progressing research in feline nephrology. The IRI model mimics acute kidney injury that can progress to CKD, while the RK model induces CKD by partially removing kidney tissue, leading to glomerular hyperfiltration. The TI model, involving toxins like meloxicam, provides a simpler approach to studying kidney damage. Despite their utility, these models present challenges, including variability in outcomes, technical demands, and the need for refined methodologies. This review examines the strengths and weaknesses of these feline models and offers recommendations for researchers working to discover new biomarkers and develop effective treatments for CKD in cats.</p>","PeriodicalId":94111,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science : JAALAS","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144812733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}