Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene最新文献

{"title":"Integrating one health: exploring the global dialogue on bioethics.","authors":"Rosagemma Ciliberti, Valeria Schiavone","doi":"10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2023.64.3.3021","DOIUrl":"10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2023.64.3.3021","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Unesco's World Bioethics Day, whose theme this year is the protection of future generations, reveals the centrality of the concept of one-health, as the main way to guarantee a future for the planet seen as the common home of all living beings. The recent pandemic has sufficiently shown how animal health is linked to human health and how only the balance of the entire planet guarantees both. Living on earth as human beings, no longer blinded by the Anthropocene's arrogance, but conscious of having a fundamental responsibility for the health care and well-being of every species is the imperative that should guide scientific research, education and social life. Thus, a renovating of the education system is essential to break down rigid boundaries between disciplines and promote complex and critical thinking.</p>","PeriodicalId":94106,"journal":{"name":"Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10730060/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138833693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding conflicts of interest in rational drug prescription in a developing country: A stakeholder analysis, healthcare guidelines and ethical public health issues.","authors":"Farideh Moradi, Mohammad Bazyar, Ali Soroush, Hesam Seyedin, Fatemeh Soleymani, Manal Etemadi, Saeed Ezadi, Mehdi Salimi, Masoud Behzadifar, Mariano Martini, Rezwana Hussain","doi":"10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2023.64.3.3036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2023.64.3.3036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Rational drug prescription (RDP) is one of the main components of the healthcare systems. Irrational prescribing can bring about numerous negative consequences for the patients and governmental agencies. This study aims to analyze the involvement of stakeholders in rational drug prescribing, their position (opponent or proponent), and the rationale behind it.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a qualitative study conducted in 2019. Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with 40 stakeholders. Purposive and snowball sampling techniques with maximum heterogeneity were adopted to select the interviewees. Data was analyzed by MAXQDA software using thematic approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Iranian Food and Drug Administration employs the highest authority on the rational prescribing policy. Although the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, the Social Security Organization as one of the main health insurance organizations, pharmaceutical companies, and the Medical Council of the Islamic Republic of Iran, are among agencies that have great authority to improve rational prescribing, they fail to act professionally as they have conflicting interests. Remarkably, the Iran Food and Drug Administration, insurance organizations, family physicians, and patients, highly support the rational prescribing policy while the pharmaceutical companies display the least support for it.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>To make the prescription and using drugs more rational, policy makers should focus on different sources of conflicts of interest that different actors have. They should devise legal, behavior and financial policies accordingly to lessen or at least neutralize these conflicting interests, otherwise achieving RDP would be impossible in short and long terms.</p>","PeriodicalId":94106,"journal":{"name":"Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10730053/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138833710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of death risk factors among COVID-19 patients in Yazd, Iran: A case-cohort study.","authors":"Mohammadreza Mirjalili, Mehdi Raadabadi, Mohammadreza Dehghani, Mohammad Bakhtiari Aliabad, Mehrdad Mansouri, Mariano Martini, Ali Dehghani","doi":"10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2023.64.3.3098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2023.64.3.3098","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The COVID-19 epidemic control has become a global challenge and many contributing variables are still unknown to policymakers. This case-cohort study was conducted to investigate the risk factors of mortality in COVID-19 patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This case-cohort study was conducted on 956 samples in Ardakan and Meybod counties, Yazd Province, between February 20 and May 20, 2020. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics and paired t-test, chi-square, and logistic regression analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of a total cohort population of 993 in Ardakan and Meybod counties, 435 were assigned to the control group and 521 were assigned to the case group. The results of outcome analysis showed that 14.4% of the patients in the case group and 11.5% of the patients in the control group died. According to the results of logistic regression analysis in COVID-19 patients, each one-year increase in age increased the risk of mortality by 6% (HR = 1.06, p < 0.001), each one-day increase in the hospital stay increased the risk of death by 8% (HR = 1.08, p < 0.001). Moreover, the presence of cardiovascular disease, chronic neurological disease, and chronic pulmonary disease increased the risk of death. The patients who underwent mechanical ventilation had 85% less chance of survival (HR = 0.15, p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results showed a higher mortality rate in the elderly patients as well as those with underlying diseases. Attention should be paid to at-risk and elderly patients in terms of ensuring a healthy diet, improving their self-care practices, and providing long-term medical and healthcare facilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":94106,"journal":{"name":"Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10730059/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138833753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of a vaccine recovery plan after the COVID-19 pandemic in the Siracusa Local Health Authority, Italy. Results of one year follow-up.","authors":"Fabio Contarino, Erminio DI Pietro, Concetta Randazzo, Francesca Bella, Maria Lia Contrino","doi":"10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2023.64.3.3001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2023.64.3.3001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic has strongly impacted on the immunization services around the world, threatening the gains made in the control of vaccine-preventable diseases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A vaccination recovery plan of missed vaccinations has been put in place in the LHA of Siracusa after the pandemic. We compared 2021 and 2020 vaccination coverage by age group and vaccine type after one year of follow-up of the recovery plan. The Chi-square test was executed on proportions for the years 2021 vs 2020. Results were considered statistically significant at a two-tailed p-value ≤ 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>36-month coverage rates were 92.5% for polio and 93.7% for measles-containing-vaccine, representing -0.3% and -1.8% decreases, respectively, as compared to 2020. By 8 years of age (booster doses), immunisation coverage was 80.7% for polio and 80.1% for measles, representing a -5.7% and -3.7%, respectively, compared to 2020. 36-month coverage was 56.6% for Men B (-5.0% as compared to 2020), 73.2% for Men ACW135Y/C (+1.1% as compared to 2020) and 86.9% for PNC vaccine (-1.7%, as compared to 2020). Regarding HPV vaccination, in 2021, vaccine coverage was 44.2% (-4.4% compared to 2020). Compared to the previous report, the VC difference among the cohorts narrowed for all almost vaccinations, except for the anti-men B and the anti-HPV vaccination, for which we recorded an increase in VC difference, and for men ACW135Y/C, for which a significant increase has been recorded.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite the efforts to organize and realize an extensive and well-designed vaccination recovery, our data show that even after the 1-year follow-up, globally deficits in coverage for these routine vaccinations persist, although there has been a substantial and significant recovery of missed vaccinations, especially among younger children and for primary cycles.</p>","PeriodicalId":94106,"journal":{"name":"Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10730062/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138833688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimal timing of measles vaccination in high-risk areas: Insights from MR-1 administration and subsequent dosing efficacy.","authors":"Sinu Jose","doi":"10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2023.64.3.3075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2023.64.3.3075","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94106,"journal":{"name":"Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10730049/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138833695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Every cockroach is beautiful to his mother's eyes\"? A multicentric study on the perception of child's health status according to the parent.","authors":"Chiara Salini, Gabriele Messina, Daniele Messina, Nicola Nante","doi":"10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2023.64.3.2859","DOIUrl":"10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2023.64.3.2859","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Childhood obesity is a social health problem in the Western World and an important goal is to analyze and correct risk factors. However, part of the problem could be determined by a different perception of the weight.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>In October 2019, we conducted a cross-sectional study in which a questionnaire was administered to the parents of primary and secondary school children in South-East Tuscany, Italy. The aim was to determine the association between children's Body Mass Index (BMI) and the parent's perception.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Analysis was carried out on 1,405 complete questionnaires. We found that most parents wrongly perceive the weight of their children. 88.3% of parents with obese children believe that their children are of normal weight or only \"a little overweight\". 67.6% of parents who have overweight children think that their children are of normal weight (p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our results show a misperception of the weight of the children in the parents eyes. The acquisition of healthy behaviour during childhood is extremely important for health in adulthood and for avoiding the onset of associated diseases. Therefore, food education becomes a crucial objective. Children and parents need to increase consciousness of the correct weight and diseases resulting from bad nutrition.</p>","PeriodicalId":94106,"journal":{"name":"Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10730050/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138833690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is single point HbA1c a reliable predictor for death in severe COVID-19?","authors":"Hadiseh Hosamirudsari, Yousef Alimohamadi, Majid Akrami, Mahak Zahra, Neda Faraji","doi":"10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2023.64.3.3032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2023.64.3.3032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The severity of COVID-19 infection is affected by several risk factors such as Diabetes Mellitus (DM). The current study aimed to determine the effect of single-point HbA1c on the severity and mortality of hospitalized COVID-19 patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study was conducted among hospitalized moderate and severe COVID-19 patients in Baharloo Hospital in Iran between December 23^rd and February 23rd, 2021. The patients have been diagnosed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Chest Computed Tomography (CT) imaging as COVID-19. Demographic data, clinical presentation, laboratory results, and treatments along with the HbA1c data were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>165 COVID-19 cases were included in this study; 126 (76.4%) of which were severe cases. 89 (53.9%) patients were male, with a mean age of 59.89 ± 16.59 years. Severe COVID-19 patients were more prone to a longer hospital stay, and a higher level of inflammatory mediators, compared to the moderate COVID-19 patients (p < 0.05). No significant association was found between single point HbA1c, FBS, and severity and mortality of COVID-19 cases (p > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Single point HbA1c was not a reliable mediator for the prediction of severity or death in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":94106,"journal":{"name":"Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10730054/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138833694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Body weight changes and diabetes mellitus incident: A cohort study from the Middle East.","authors":"Razieh Salesi, Mohammad Kermani-Alghoraishi, Alireza Sadeghi, Hamidreza Roohafza, Mohammad Talaei, Nizal Sarrafzadegan, Masoumeh Sadeghi","doi":"10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2023.64.3.2650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2023.64.3.2650","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Obesity is a known risk factor for diabetes, but the effect of weight changes on the incidence of diabetes is not yet determined. This study aims to evaluate the long-term effects of weight change [based on body mass index (BMI)] on the incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in a middle eastern population.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In the Isfahan Cohort Study (ICS) 6504 adults equal or greater than 35 years of age were recruited at 2001 and were followed until 2013. Absolute BMI changes (ΔBMI) were calculated by subtracting the baseline BMI from the BMI measured at follow-ups. To compare participants with different baseline BMI easier, relative changes in BMI were quantified as the percentage of changes from baseline. DM was assessed based on standard definitions. Multivariable Cox regression was used to determine the association between ΔBMI and the incidence of diabetes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During follow-ups, 261 new cases of diabetes were recorded, with an IR of 3401.29 per 100,000 P-Y. The highest number of new cases of type 2 DM belongs to participants with overweight and obesity who had minimal BMI changes (less than 5% of their baseline BMI limits; 42 and 38 new cases, respectively). Participants who were obese at baseline and had lost more than 10% or gained 5-10% of baseline BMI were in the groups with the highest IR [360.05-95% CI (239.3-541.8) and 322.39-95% CI (178.5-582.1) respectively]. There was no significant association between BMI changes and the incidence of DM in the participants with normal BMI, overweight, and obesity at baseline in cure and adjusted models.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study showed there was no significant association between diabetes mellitus incidence and BMI changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":94106,"journal":{"name":"Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10730058/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138833754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burnout prevention in healthcare professionals during COVID-19.","authors":"Elvira Micali, Emanuela Giovanna Chiarella","doi":"10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2023.64.3.2906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2023.64.3.2906","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Burnout syndrome represents the pathological outcome of a stressful process that mainly affects the \"helping professions\". During the COVID-19 pandemic, pressure on healthcare systems has led to an increase in psychological distress among healthcare workers. The aim of this study is to verify whether the practice of relaxation techniques in healthcare workers can improve emotional balance and stem burnout.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A small sample of 40 female rehabilitation therapists were divided into two groups (20 experimental group subjects and 20 control group subjects). The Maslach Burnout Inventory was administered to both groups, after informed consent, to highlight the correlation between working hours exceeding 30 hours per week and burnout, by subjecting the experimental group to mindfulness sessions between T0 and T1.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The data analysis highlighted a decrease in burnout in the experimental group after the mindfulness sessions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings suggest that these relaxation techniques can be effective in stemming burnout and promoting psychological well-being. It is therefore possible to hypothesize that such increased and prolonged activities could show a more evident and statistically significant improvement.</p>","PeriodicalId":94106,"journal":{"name":"Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10730057/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138833755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the infectious disease epidemiology.","authors":"Alessio Facciolà, Antonio Laganà, Giovanni Genovese, Bruno Romeo, Salvatore Sidoti, Giuseppa D'Andrea, Caterina Raco, Giuseppa Visalli, Angela DI Pietro","doi":"10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2023.64.3.2904","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2023.64.3.2904","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>COVID-19 pandemic has exerted a huge impact on different aspects of public health. Mandatory notifications are a fundamental tool to have a general picture of infection disease spread in a population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact the COVID-19 pandemic had on infectious disease epidemiology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We collected and analyzed all the infectious disease notifications made in the pre-pandemic (2017-2019) and the pandemic (2020-2022) three-years periods in the provincial territory of Messina, Italy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The total number of notifications significantly decreased by 41% in the pandemic period compared to the pre-pandemic one, with very high reduction of certain disease notifications such as measles and varicella. Similarly, other airborne infections, such as meningococcal meningitis and tuberculosis, underwent an important decrease. Conversely, an increase was found for some infections such as syphilis and, especially, scabies that reported a percentage value of +159.9%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic, reducing the possibility of microbial spread following to the lockdown and, in addition, to the constant use of face masks and other personal protective equipment, the frequent hand-washing, more ventilation of the living locals, and less gathering, surely reduced the occasions and the possibility to get many infections. On the other hands, the pandemic had a negative impact on scabies diffusion probably due to different causes among which the worsening of some poor realities, the restrictions that forced people to live in strict contact and, especially, the worsening of the conditions of the elderly living in care homes.</p>","PeriodicalId":94106,"journal":{"name":"Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10730051/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138833692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}