Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene最新文献

{"title":"Risk factors of HIV/AIDS among men who have sex with men in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.","authors":"Agu Nestor Izuchukwu, Ebirim Chikere Ifeanyi, Ekeleme Uzochukwu Godswill, Dozie Ugonma Winnie","doi":"10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2023.64.4.2931","DOIUrl":"10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2023.64.4.2931","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Men who have sex with men (MSM) belong to the key population group which contributes to the high burden of human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) despite the ongoing HIV prevention programs in Nigeria. The current study assessed the risk factors of HIV/AIDS among men who have sex with men in Akwa-Ibom State, Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was a cross-sectional study of 400 men who have sex with men selected from three senatorial zones in Akwa Ibom. A statistical package for service solution version 23 was used to analyze the data. Descriptive statistics, Relative risk and Binary logistic regression were used to compare proportions between risk factors and HIV/AIDS among the MSM.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>More than half (50.5%) of the respondents were between the ages of 20-29 years. Above 66% of the respondents made their debut into MSM at the age bracket of 13-19 years. 50% of the respondents preferred unprotected sex with fellow men. About 99% of the respondents have multiple sexual partners. More than 72% of the respondents had engaged in group sex. About 64% of the respondents use tramadol before sex. Greater than half (54%) of the respondents have shared injection needles. Averagely, 97% of the respondent engaged in transactional sex in the past 3 months. 11.8% of the 400 respondents tested positive for HIV. There was a significant association between risk factors and HIV among the MSM studied.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>MSM in Akwa Ibom State engage in high-risk behaviors, therefore, a risk reduction program targeted at each specific identified risk is highly recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":94106,"journal":{"name":"Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10876029/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139914317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The health of mankind and the health of the planet in a historical-ethical perspective: an inseparable relationship and a single destiny.","authors":"Mariano Martini, Anna Maria Spagnolo, Marina Sartini, Maria Luisa Cristina, Davide Orsini","doi":"10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2023.64.4.3156","DOIUrl":"10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2023.64.4.3156","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent years have seen increasingly severe natural disasters, the consequences of which have been catastrophic. Clearly, our global environment is undergoing major changes. The climate is becoming deranged and pollution on a global scale afflicts air, water, and land. We are faced with an unprecedented shortage of cultivable land and fresh water for drinking, irrigation, and livestock farming, while our marine systems are breaking down. These environmental changes have a very high anthropogenic component; they are induced by human activities that are potentially dangerous for both the environment and human life. Moreover, not only do they have an enormous impact on the environments in which we live and on our way of life, they also have harmful effects on our health. Indeed, we must understand that our body - as Hippocrates explained long ago - is a system that constantly interacts with the surrounding environment.</p>","PeriodicalId":94106,"journal":{"name":"Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10876022/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139914415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) among the Lebanese University students: associated risk factors and repercussion on mental health.","authors":"Abdallah Saab, Youssef Jamaleddine, Omar Ismail, Linda Abou Abbas, Rama Daoud, Zeina Nasser","doi":"10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2023.64.4.3050","DOIUrl":"10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2023.64.4.3050","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) is a psychological illness characterized by persistent and intrusive preoccupation with an imagined or slight defect in appearance. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of BDD and investigate its association with mental health status (depression and anxiety), religiosity, eating disorder risk, and self-esteem among Lebanese University students.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted in March 2020, involving students from the Lebanese University. Data were collected using the dysmorphic concern questionnaire (DCQ), Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSE), religiosity scale, patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9), generalized anxiety disorder assessment (GAD-7), Eating Attitude test-26 scale (EAT-26).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 6,448 participants were enrolled in our study. The overall prevalence of BDD among university students was (6.4%).Our results showed that Lebanese students with BDD were more likely to have anxiety ORadj 1.3 (95% CI: 1.2-1.7) p-value 0.001, depression ORadj 1.2 (95% CI: 1.15-1.5) p-value 0.007, and eating disorder (Bulimia & Food preoccupation ORadj 1.06 (95% CI: 1.03-1.2) p-value 0.0, and oral control ORadj 1.09 (95% CI: 1.05-1.1) p-value < 0.001) compared to those with no BDD. We also found that students with BDD had Lower Self-esteem ORadj 0.88 (95% CI: 0.78-0.9) p-value < 0.001), and less likely to be religious ORadj 0.88 (95% CI: 0.82-0.9) p-value 0.02) compared to those with no BDD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This pioneering study sheds light on the prevalence of BDD among Lebanese university students and its associated factors. Our findings underscore the importance of early detection of BDD during adolescence and young adulthood, necessitating timely psychological intervention to prevent chronicity and complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":94106,"journal":{"name":"Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10876033/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139914313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of excess screen time among secondary school children in rural India.","authors":"Reebu John, Aarati Pokale, Amruta Chutke, Arvinder Pal Singh Narula, Supriya Shinde, Rupeshkumar Deshmukh","doi":"10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2023.64.4.3030","DOIUrl":"10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2023.64.4.3030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Screen time has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially among children and teenagers. This has come at the expense of their healthy eating habits, physical activity and adequate amount of quality sleep. The excessive use of screen-device can lead to addiction which starts during adolescent years. Objectives: Primary Objective: to assess prevalence of excess screen time among secondary school children; Secondary Objective: to correlate Body Mass Index (BMI), sleep duration, duration of physical activity and food habits with screen time duration.</p><p><strong>Material and methods: </strong>Study settings and design: cross-sectional study was conducted in secondary schools in the rural field practice area of a private medical college in Pune, India. The study included 184 school children from eighth to tenth standard. Data was collected using a self-administered, questionnaire.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Prevalence of excess screen time among secondary school children was 83.2%. Mobile phone was the most used device (98.9%). There was a significant association between excess screen time and inadequate sleep.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The present study reports high prevalence of excess screen time in rural school going children in rural India. There is a need for strategies to combat this in school health programs on priority.</p>","PeriodicalId":94106,"journal":{"name":"Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10876028/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139914314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adults' perceived health promotion needs in the prediabetes stage: a meta-synthesis study.","authors":"Mozhgan Jokar, Mitra Zandi, Abbas Ebadi, Amir Abbas Momenan, Mariano Martini, Masoud Behzadifar","doi":"10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2023.64.4.3152","DOIUrl":"10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2023.64.4.3152","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>One of the methods to promote pre-diabetic patients' adherence to preventive behaviors and improving their lifestyle is to pay attention to their needs in the designed educational programs. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of identifying the needs of individuals with prediabetes.</p><p><strong>Methodology: </strong>Three databases, including ISI/Web of Sciences, PubMed, Scopus were searched without time limitation until August 2022. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool. This study was reported according to the Enhancing Transparency in Reporting the Synthesis of Qualitative Research guidelines and to achieve the research goal, Sandelowski and Barroso's seven-step meta-synthesis method (2007) was used. Thematic synthesis was used to analyses the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of the 1934 studies obtained, 34 studies were finally examined and 805 codes were recorded based on the extracted data. Through synthesizing and analyzing the primary studies, 8 main themes were extracted regarding individuals' needs in the prediabetes stage: Information needs, Cultural needs, psychological needs, Social support needs, Education needs, Financial needs, Service needs and Skill needs.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusions: </strong>The perceived needs and their types in each of the dimensions in detail can be a proper guide for designing educational programs and various interventions to control the prediabetes condition, leading to a reduction in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the society.</p>","PeriodicalId":94106,"journal":{"name":"Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10876036/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139914354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healthcare infections and antimicrobial consumption in pre-COVID-19 era: a point prevalence survey in three hospitals in a region of Central Italy.","authors":"Manuela Tamburro, Angelo Salzo, Michela Lucia Sammarco, Giancarlo Ripabelli","doi":"10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2023.64.4.2962","DOIUrl":"10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2023.64.4.2962","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are a major global public health concern, increasing the transmission of drug-resistant infections. This point prevalence survey investigated HAIs occurrence and antimicrobial consumption (AMC) in pre-COVID-19 era in the public hospitals of a region of Central Italy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were collected using the protocol standardised by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three-hundred and sixty-four patients were included (59.3% male) in the study. Overall, HAIs prevalence was 6.6% (95%CI 4.4-9.5), ranging from 5.2% to 7.1% within the surveyed hospitals, with at least one infection in 24 patients (ten each in medical and surgical specialties wards, and four in intensive care). Risk factors for HAIs were advanced age, having undergone surgery and wearing invasive devices. At time of the survey, 44.7% (95%CI 39.7-49.9) of patients was under treatment with at least one antibiotic, and AMC varied between 43% and 48% within hospitals. In all hospitals, a prevalence higher than 10% was found for the prescription reasons other than prophylaxis or therapy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results revealed a HAIs prevalence lower than that estimated compared to the most recent national data, in contrast to higher antimicrobial usage. These findings highlight the need to reinforce hygiene practices and develop bundles for HAIs, as a broad implementation of infection prevention and control practices extensively applied to both hub and spoke hospitals could significantly reduce their occurrence, as well as to implement antimicrobial stewardship for prescriptive appropriateness.</p>","PeriodicalId":94106,"journal":{"name":"Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10876034/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139914358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychotherapy, artificial intelligence and adolescents: ethical aspects.","authors":"Linda Alfano, Ivano Malcotti, Rosagemma Ciliberti","doi":"10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2023.64.4.3135","DOIUrl":"10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2023.64.4.3135","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Artificial intelligence (AI) has rapidly advanced in various domains, including its application in psychotherapy. AI-powered psychotherapy tools present promising solutions for increasing accessibility to mental health care. However, the integration of AI in psychotherapy raises significant ethical concerns that require thorough consideration and regulation to ensure ethical practice, patient safety, and data privacy. This article discusses the ethical considerations surrounding the utilization of AI in psychotherapy, emphasizing the need for responsible implementation, patient privacy, and the human-AI interaction. The challenge raised by the use of artificial intelligence requires a comprehensive approach. Schools, in particular, are crucial in providing both knowledge and ethical guidance, helping young individuals decipher the complexities of online content. Additionally, parental support is essential, requiring the provision of time, fostering relationships, encouraging dialogue, and creating a safe environment to share experiences amidst the intricacies of adolescence. Reimagining social and healthcare services tailored for adolescents is equally crucial, taking into account recent societal changes. The integration of AI in psychotherapy has vast potential to transform mental healthcare. However, ensuring its accuracy and effectiveness demands a proactive approach to address associated ethical considerations. By adopting responsible practices, preserving patient autonomy, and continually refining AI systems, the field can leverage the benefits of AI in psychotherapy while maintaining high ethical standards.</p>","PeriodicalId":94106,"journal":{"name":"Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10876024/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139914315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility study on a new enhanced device for patients with intermittent catheterization (LUJA).","authors":"Giovanna Elisa Calabrò, Floriana D'Ambrosio, Francesca Orsini, Ciro Pappalardo, Anna Scardigno, Filippo Rumi, Alessandra Fiore, Roberto Ricciardi, Americo Cicchetti","doi":"10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2023.64.3s1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2023.64.3s1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94106,"journal":{"name":"Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10730013/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138833711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"History of primary health care in Iran.","authors":"Ali Aboutorabi, Banafshe Darvishi Teli, Aziz Rezapour, Seyed Jafar Ehsanzadeh, Mariano Martini, Masoud Behzadifar","doi":"10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2023.64.3.3081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2023.64.3.3081","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The history of the primary healthcare system in Iran portrays a journey of strategic development and implementation that has resulted in significant advancements in healthcare access and overall population well-being. Starting in the early 1980s, Iran embarked on a comprehensive approach to health care delivery prioritizing universal access, equity, and community participation.</p><p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The foundation of this system was established during the Alma-Ata Conference in 1978, which placed a strong emphasis on the role of primary health care in attaining health for all.Iran's unwavering commitment to this approach led to the creation of an extensive network of rural and urban health centers designed to offer essential health services and preventive care to all citizens.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Over the years, the expansion of Iran's primary healthcare system has yielded noteworthy accomplishments. Maternal and child mortality rates have seen substantial declines, attributed to improved access to maternal care and immunization services. The effectiveness of the system in reaching diverse populations has been enhanced through community engagement and the integration of traditional medicine. Furthermore, Iran's focus on health education and disease prevention has resulted in heightened public awareness and the adoption of healthier lifestyles. Despite these achievements, challenges continue to persist. Disparities in the quality and accessibility of services between urban and rural areas remain a concern. Moreover, the ongoing necessity for infrastructure development, training of the health workforce, and efficient resource allocation underscore the continuous efforts required to strengthen the primary healthcare system.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The history of Iran's primary health care system is marked by progress and achievements, underscored by an unwavering commitment to providing comprehensive, community-based care. Iran's journey serves as an exemplary model, highlighting the positive impact of prioritizing primary health care in achieving better health outcomes for its population. As Iran continues to evolve its health system, addressing challenges and building upon successes, the history of its primary health care system serves as a valuable lesson in the pursuit of accessible and equitable health care for all.</p>","PeriodicalId":94106,"journal":{"name":"Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10730055/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138833691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addressing childhood obesity through policy: A cross-sectional study in Malta.","authors":"Marika Borg, Daniel Cauchi, Charmaine Gauci, Neville Calleja","doi":"10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2023.64.3.2938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2023.64.3.2938","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Childhood overweight and obesity are major public health challenges, with Malta having one of the highest prevalences among European countries. The COVID-19 pandemic may further worsen this epidemic. The food and physical activity environments impact children's behaviours. This study looks at barriers to maintain a healthy weight, responsibility to address obesity, and assesses parental support for 22 policies aimed at addressing childhood obesity. Public support for policy is key because it influences which policies are adopted and their success.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional, paper-based, quantitative survey was conducted amongst parents of primary school-aged children in Malta in 2018-2019. Ethical approval was obtained. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>1,169 parents participated. The food environment was more commonly identified as a barrier to maintain a healthy weight than the physical activity environment. Parents were least supportive of taxation policies, and most in favour of increasing spaces available for safe physical activity (94.0%), followed by providing free weight management services for children (90.8%). The level of support varied significantly by various socio-demographic/economic characteristics; parents with a higher educational level were significantly more supportive of most policies. Most findings were consistent with the international literature.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Most policies supported are trans-sectoral; a health-in-all policies approach is needed to address the obesogenic environment. The strong public support identified for several policies should embolden policymakers to consider policy options that were not previously considered.</p>","PeriodicalId":94106,"journal":{"name":"Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10730052/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138833752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}