Journal of postgraduate medicine最新文献_第3页

Analysis of adverse drug reactions reported at a teaching hospital in 2023-24. 某教学医院2023- 2024年药品不良反应报告分析。

IF 1.2

Journal of postgraduate medicine Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-11 DOI: 10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_159_26

S Tewari, M Bankar, Puja, N L Reddy

{"title":"Analysis of adverse drug reactions reported at a teaching hospital in 2023-24.","authors":"S Tewari, M Bankar, Puja, N L Reddy","doi":"10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_159_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_159_26","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are an important cause of morbidity, prolonged hospital stay, and increased healthcare costs. Monitoring and reporting ADRs through pharmacovigilance systems help identify drug-related risks and improve patient safety. This study aimed to describe the pattern, characteristics, and outcomes of ADRs reported at a tertiary care teaching hospital under the Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI).Materials and methods: A retrospective, observational, cross-sectional study was conducted at the ADR Monitoring Center of a tertiary care teaching hospital. Individual Case Safety Reports submitted to the Vigiflow database between January 2023 and December 2024 were analyzed. This study got approval by ethics committee. Data were evaluated for patient demographics, suspected drugs, system organ class involvement, seriousness, outcomes, and causality using the World Health Organization-Uppsala (WHO-UMC) scale. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data.Results: A total of 299 ADRs were described and analyzed. Adults accounted for the majority of cases, with a slight male predominance. Antimicrobials (29%) were the most commonly implicated drug class. Most ADRs were non-serious. On causality assessment, the majority of reactions were classified as \"probable (90.63%)\". The most common adverse event was headache (8.6%). The ADR outcome was recovered/resolved in 64.6%.Conclusion: ADRs are commonly encountered in tertiary care settings, with antimicrobials being the most frequent contributors. Describing and analyzing reported ADR data, increasing awareness among medical students, healthcare professionals, and encouraging regular ADR reporting are essential steps to enhance patient safety and promote rational drug use.","PeriodicalId":94105,"journal":{"name":"Journal of postgraduate medicine","volume":" ","pages":"63-67"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13390950/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148260991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

7. Developing high-performance prediction models for medical outcomes. 7. 为医疗结果开发高性能预测模型。

IF 1.2

Journal of postgraduate medicine Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-05-21 DOI: 10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_90_26

A Indrayan

{"title":"7. Developing high-performance prediction models for medical outcomes.","authors":"A Indrayan","doi":"10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_90_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_90_26","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: A prediction model can be considered to have high performance when it gives correct prediction in at least 90% cases for qualitative outcome and at least 90% differences between the observed and predicted values are within clinical tolerance in the case of quantitative outcome. A model with an accuracy between 80% and 90% can be possibly tolerated in some situations, but any model with less accuracy implies an unacceptably large error in clinical applications. Most of the models developed so far do not meet these criteria. Moreover, prediction of the unknown is confused with classification of the known. Developing high-performance models requires a lot of extra efforts that are rarely seen in the present endeavors. For this, it is imperative that a large number of known and suspected predictors are considered and complexity in terms of interactions and nonlinearity is accepted. Models with many predictors is not a big limitation now because of wide availability of enormous computing power. More rigorous validation is needed than done now. Artificial intelligence-based models can be linked to the relevant literature so that they continuously update with the new development under the data science paradigm. This article highlights the problems with many of the existing models and describes steps to develop a high-performance model for medical outcomes. Many of the advices we give are rarely available in the literature.","PeriodicalId":94105,"journal":{"name":"Journal of postgraduate medicine","volume":" ","pages":"85-89"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13390955/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148166111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Early anticoagulation with warfarin for pulmonary embolism complicating active gastric ulcer: A case against guideline-mandated delay. 早期使用华法林抗凝治疗肺栓塞合并活动性胃溃疡：一个反对指南强制延迟的病例。

IF 1.2

Journal of postgraduate medicine Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-11 DOI: 10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_580_25

C Li, S Wu, S Zhao, Z Chu

引用次数: 0

Paradoxical Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis to Stevens-Johnson Syndrome - Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis- A rare immune phenomenon. 自相矛盾的噬血细胞淋巴组织细胞增多症到史蒂文斯-约翰逊综合征-中毒性表皮坏死松解-一种罕见的免疫现象。

IF 1.2

Journal of postgraduate medicine Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-15 DOI: 10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_1005_25

M V Sadhvitha, D Behera, C Raj, F Begum

引用次数: 0

Building publication competence: Insights from the "JPGM Conference 2025". 构建出版能力：来自“JPGM会议2025”的见解。

IF 1.2

Journal of postgraduate medicine Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-11 DOI: 10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_260_26

S S Bhide, M S Tullu, S V Jalgaonkar, P Vaideeswar, S K Kamat, C P Lanjewar

引用次数: 0

Assessment of exclusive breastfeeding practices in a tribal district of Maharashtra: A cross-sectional study. 马哈拉施特拉邦一个部落地区纯母乳喂养做法的评估：一项横断面研究。

IF 1.2

Journal of postgraduate medicine Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-06-16 DOI: 10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_89_26

R S Hadaye, Q T Pereira

{"title":"Assessment of exclusive breastfeeding practices in a tribal district of Maharashtra: A cross-sectional study.","authors":"R S Hadaye, Q T Pereira","doi":"10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_89_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_89_26","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: As the WHO puts it, breastfeeding is the cornerstone of child survival, nutrition, development, and maternal health. According to NFHS data of India, only 71.2% of children under six months are exclusively breastfed in Maharashtra. The problem may be more prevalent in tribal communities due to their geographical location and strong cultural norms. This community-based cross-sectional observational study was conducted among consenting mothers of the Scheduled Tribe category with children aged six months to one year residing in the area under the Primary Health Center in a tribal village. A list of mothers fulfilling inclusion criteria was obtained from seven subcentres, and participants were selected by random sampling from each. Data was obtained by a structured interview schedule. Descriptive analysis estimated the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), and the association between qualitative variables was assessed by the Chi-square test. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to determine the predictors of EBF, using the software SPSS-28. A P value of ≤ 0.05 was used as the cut-off for statistical significance. Prevalence of EBF was 63.4%. Factors like age, education, occupation of mother, maternal education, place of delivery, practice of colostrum feeding, are statistically significantly associated with the practice of EBF. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that the age of the mother and the education of the father are determinants of EBF. The prevalence of EBF in the study area is lower than the state prevalence, highlighting the need for focused intervention. Furthermore, EBF practices are influenced by a mix of social, cultural, and economic factors.","PeriodicalId":94105,"journal":{"name":"Journal of postgraduate medicine","volume":" ","pages":"80-84"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13390953/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148261003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sinonasal IgG4-related disease: A rare masquerader of sinonasal pathologies. 鼻窦igg4相关疾病：一种罕见的鼻窦病变伪装者。

IF 1.2

Journal of postgraduate medicine Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-01 DOI: 10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_581_25

S Mitra, P Choulera

引用次数: 0

Report of two cases of lipedema: An under-recognized, misdiagnosed, and under-reported disorder in India. 报告两例脂肪水肿：印度一种未被认识、误诊和未被报告的疾病。

IF 1.2

Journal of postgraduate medicine Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_273_25

V S Kuttiatt, M Anandan, N Elangovan, A Sadhasivam

{"title":"Report of two cases of lipedema: An under-recognized, misdiagnosed, and under-reported disorder in India.","authors":"V S Kuttiatt, M Anandan, N Elangovan, A Sadhasivam","doi":"10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_273_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_273_25","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Lipedema is a chronic adipose tissue disorder primarily affecting women, marked by abnormal, symmetrical, and disproportionate accumulation of subcutaneous fat in the lower limbs and sometimes in the arms, with hands and feet typically spared. Frequently misdiagnosed as lymphedema or obesity, lipedema presents with pain, easy bruising, bilateral nonpitting edema, and swelling that worsens throughout the day. We present two cases: Two middle-aged women reported longstanding bilateral lower limb swelling, pain, and varicose veins, without significant comorbidities. Clinical examination revealed characteristic disproportionate fat distribution and negative Stemmer's sign. Laboratory investigations and lymphoscintigraphy excluded other causes of edema. Imaging confirmed subcutaneous thickening, fat stranding, and varicosities. Both patients were advised to have conservative management including compression therapy, limb elevation, physiotherapy and dietary counseling; one patient had significant limb volume reduction. Our report underscores the importance of recognizing lipedema for early diagnosis and effective management to prevent progression and complications.","PeriodicalId":94105,"journal":{"name":"Journal of postgraduate medicine","volume":" ","pages":"32-36"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13105436/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145727096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An update on Burkholderia cepacia complex infections in a tertiary care hospital. 一家三级保健医院关于洋葱伯克霍尔德菌复合感染的最新情况。

IF 1.2

Journal of postgraduate medicine Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-16 DOI: 10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_790_25

E Rajni, S Kataria, H Galav

{"title":"An update on Burkholderia cepacia complex infections in a tertiary care hospital.","authors":"E Rajni, S Kataria, H Galav","doi":"10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_790_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_790_25","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Despite the growing clinical significance of Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc), there are lacunae regarding indepth understanding of its epidemiology and management. The present study was conducted to evaluate the clinico-epidemiological profile of patients presenting with Bcc infections and antibiotic susceptibility profile of these clinical isolates.This retrospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching university hospital, from January' 2018 to December' 2024 and included all Bcc isolates recovered during the study period. Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were done using VITEK 2 compact automated system. A total of 224 Bcc isolates were included in the study. The most predominant age group was >60 years, accounting for 29.5%, and male preponderance was observed. A total of 90% isolates were from inpatients, with 56.7% being admitted to ICUs. Maximum isolates were recovered from blood (61.2%), and diabetes was the most common comorbidity observed (44.6%). Respiratory samples amounted to only 9.8% of isolates. The susceptibility rates observed for ceftazidime, meropenem, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, minocycline, and levofloxacin were 93%, 85.7%, 78.1%, 70%, and 60%, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first record of clinico-epidemiological and microbiological characteristics of Bcc isolates from Rajasthan. This research could significantly inform clinical practice, optimizing treatment strategies for infections caused by this opportunistic pathogen. Since it is a difficult-to-treat emerging pathogen, regular and systematic surveillance is crucial.","PeriodicalId":94105,"journal":{"name":"Journal of postgraduate medicine","volume":" ","pages":"19-22"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13105433/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147464495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A rare case of duodenal tuberculosis complicated with gastric outlet obstruction in a young female: A case report. 年轻女性罕见的十二指肠结核合并胃出口梗阻1例。

IF 1.2

Journal of postgraduate medicine Pub Date : 2026-01-01 Epub Date: 2026-03-01 DOI: 10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_805_25

A Shastri, S Rose, S Mitra, A De

引用次数: 0