Journal of postgraduate medicine最新文献

{"title":"Tracheostomal myiasis in an elderly patient: A rare case report.","authors":"H Sharma, V Khanna, H Basista, S K Awasthi","doi":"10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_232_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_232_26","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94105,"journal":{"name":"Journal of postgraduate medicine","volume":" ","pages":"153-154"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13557510/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148804052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"8. Guard against statistical fallacies in medical research.","authors":"A Indrayan","doi":"10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_495_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_495_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Medicine is a sensitive science as it deals with the life and health of people. A slight error can blow up into an enormous damage when invalid results are applied to the population at large. Thus, extreme care is required in conducting and reporting medical research studies. Since medical research is mostly empirical, variations and consequent uncertainties are integral part. Statistical fallacies occur when data and database research are knowingly or unknowingly poorly done or misreported. This article highlights such instances and illustrates commonly occurring fallacies in medical research. Proper design, collection of the right data on an adequate sample, immaculate analysis, and correct interpretation can minimize such fallacies and increase the credibility of research results.</p>","PeriodicalId":94105,"journal":{"name":"Journal of postgraduate medicine","volume":" ","pages":"125-129"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13557516/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148803948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding psychological wellbeing among people living with HIV: A cross-sectional study at an antiretroviral therapy plus center in India.","authors":"S K Singh, R Chavan, S Hari Prasad, M Khanuja, K Suman, A Menon","doi":"10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_233_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_233_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Mental health is an under-recognized aspect of HIV care. The psychological wellbeing among people living with HIV (PLHIV) is often neglected in routine antiretroviral therapy (ART) services, especially in resource-limited settings. The study assessed the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) related to psychological wellbeing among PLHIV attending an ART Plus Centre in India and identified service delivery gaps. This cross-sectional study included 301 adult PLHIV attending an ART Plus Centre. A prevalidated, structured questionnaire was administered via in-person interviews. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to assess trends in knowledge, attitude, and practices. The study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee. The mean age of participants was 35.5 years; 50.5% were male and 49.2% female. While 98.7% were on ART, only 61.8% were aware that HIV can affect mental health. Just 22.4% expressed willingness to access psychological support services if made available. Approximately 51.2% had received some form of psychological counseling, but only 3.3% participated in formal support groups. A significant proportion (41.5%) reported having no one to confide in during emotional distress. Only 34.6% engaged in any coping practices like meditation or prayer. Despite high ART adherence, substantial gaps persist in awareness, attitudes, and utilization of mental health services among PLHIV. Integration of mental health screening, counseling, and psychosocial support into routine HIV care is essential for comprehensive management.</p>","PeriodicalId":94105,"journal":{"name":"Journal of postgraduate medicine","volume":" ","pages":"113-116"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13557517/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148804099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"JPGM: Editor's Report (2025-2026).","authors":"M S Tullu","doi":"10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_654_26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_654_26","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94105,"journal":{"name":"Journal of postgraduate medicine","volume":"72 3","pages":"103-104"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148868688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trichosporon fungemia in critically ill patients: A case series.","authors":"S Kataria, S Pradhan, E Rajni","doi":"10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_169_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_169_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Trichosporon species are emerging opportunistic pathogens capable of causing a spectrum of disease, from superficial skin infections to deep-seated, disseminated, and life-threatening infections. These infections are often challenging to diagnose due to their rarity, frequent misidentification as Candida , and intrinsic resistance to conventional antifungal therapies, resulting in delays in appropriate management. We report a case series of Trichosporon fungemia in six critically ill patients, highlighting varied clinical presentations. Common comorbidities included diabetes mellitus, hypertension, anemia, hypothyroidism, sepsis, multiorgan dysfunction, and complications related to indwelling devices. All cases had blood culture-confirmed Trichosporon fungemia. The overall mortality was 66.7% (4/6 cases). Our findings emphasize the importance of early recognition, prompt antifungal therapy, and strict infection control measures to improve outcomes in high-risk patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":94105,"journal":{"name":"Journal of postgraduate medicine","volume":" ","pages":"140-144"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13557513/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148804074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From traumatic necrotizing fasciitis to central nervous system involvement: Expanding the clinical spectrum of Apophysomyces variabilis.","authors":"S Kataria, N Vyas, S K Kumar, A Bairathi","doi":"10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_331_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_331_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Species belonging to the genus Apophysomyces are thermotolerant filamentous fungi within the order Mucorales and family Mucoraceae . These organisms have increasingly been recognized as clinically significant pathogens due to their ability to cause severe, often fatal invasive infections. While Apophysomyces species classically cause post-traumatic necrotizing soft-tissue infections in immunocompetent individuals, central nervous system involvement is rare and typically reported in immunocompromised hosts. This case series uniquely juxtaposes two distinct clinical presentations of Apophysomyces infection: post-traumatic necrotizing fasciitis and neurological infection in a patient with cancer. These cases underscore the broad clinical spectrum of the disease and highlight the diagnostic challenges associated with Apophysomyces infections. The definitive diagnosis of these infections continues to rely primarily on fungal culture and histopathology, with molecular methods increasingly used to complement conventional approaches. Early recognition, timely microbiological diagnosis, and prompt antifungal therapy combined with surgical management are critical.</p>","PeriodicalId":94105,"journal":{"name":"Journal of postgraduate medicine","volume":" ","pages":"145-149"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13557520/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148804089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond clinical examination: Imaging and electrodiagnostic evaluation in a rare hypoplastic variant of Poland syndrome.","authors":"A N Sahoo, A B Khade, R Sharma, Pvs Phanindra","doi":"10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_179_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_179_26","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94105,"journal":{"name":"Journal of postgraduate medicine","volume":" ","pages":"150-152"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13557512/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148804094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Algorithmic sycophancy should be treated as an institutional AI governance issue.","authors":"D F Eprilianto, Yek Sari","doi":"10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_568_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_568_26","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":94105,"journal":{"name":"Journal of postgraduate medicine","volume":" ","pages":"158-159"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13557515/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148804043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A pathological analysis of pediatric pulmonary cystic/cavitary lesions.","authors":"V L Nanaware, P A Sathe","doi":"10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_1026_25","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_1026_25","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Pediatric pulmonary cystic/cavitary lesions are uncommon. The spectrum of cystic/cavitary pulmonary lesions in pediatric patients includes congenital and acquired lesions. They have similar clinical presentation and overlapping radiologic features. Histopathology plays an important role in diagnosis. This study was planned to describe the spectrum of surgically resected cystic/cavitary pulmonary lesions in pediatric patients (age <12 years) and correlate clinical features with pathology findings. This is a single-center 10-year retrospective descriptive study. The cases were divided into two categories: congenital and acquired. Demographic details, clinical presentation, and investigational data were correlated with pathology findings.The study included 40 cases of surgically resected cystic/cavitary pulmonary lesions received from pediatric patients. Congenital lesions (22 cases, 55%) predominated over acquired lesions (18 cases, 45%). Cystic pulmonary airway malformation (29.2%, 12 cases) was the most common lesion and the most common cystic lesion overall. Acquired lesions included hydatid cyst (nine cases) and post infectious (post abscess) cavitary lesions (nine cases which included two cases of tuberculosis). Most congenital lesions were found in the neonates and infants and none found in late childhood, while most acquired lesions belonged to late childhood with no case found in neonates. Though radiology plays an important role in the diagnosis of cystic/cavitary lesions, histopathology is the key investigation for confirmation. Very few studies that describe the clinico-pathologic spectrum of these rare lesions in children were found in the literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":94105,"journal":{"name":"Journal of postgraduate medicine","volume":" ","pages":"117-120"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13557519/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148804007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of an antimicrobial stewardship program on antimicrobial resistance patterns, multiple antibiotic resistance indices, clinical outcomes, and cost savings: A pre-post interventional study in the intensive care unit of a tertiary-care hospital in India.","authors":"M Bhattacharjee, K Manimekalai, S Bhowmick","doi":"10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_8_26","DOIUrl":"10.4103/jpgm.jpgm_8_26","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a major challenge to patient outcomes, particularly in resource-constrained settings with widespread antimicrobial misuse. Structured antimicrobial stewardship programs (AMSPs) are essential to optimize antimicrobial use and reduce resistance. This pre-post interventional observational study evaluated the impact of AMSP implementation on antimicrobial susceptibility patterns, multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) indices, stewardship performance indicators, clinical outcomes, and antimicrobial expenditure in the medical and surgical intensive care units of a tertiary-care teaching hospital in India over a 12-month period (pre-AMSP: October 2024-March 2025; post-AMSP: April-September 2025). Standard microbiological methods and Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M100 guidelines were used for organism identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Following AMSP implementation, culture positivity decreased from 53.2% to 41.8%, while MAR indices declined by 12-24% across major pathogens. De-escalation rates increased from 49.8% to 77.6% ( P = 0.01), guideline adherence improved from 75.2% to 89.1% ( P < 0.001), culture turnaround time compliance increased from 68% to 89% ( P = 0.01), and days of therapy per 1000 patient-days decreased from 82 to 64 ( P < 0.001). Infection-related mortality declined from 5.4% to 3.8% (odds ratio = 0.53, P = 0.011), hospital-acquired infections decreased from 58.2% to 41.8% (relative risk = 0.72, P = 0.018), and antimicrobial expenditure was reduced by 46.4%, corresponding to a monthly saving of ₹9.96 lakh. Implementation of a multidisciplinary AMSP was associated with significant improvements in microbiological, stewardship, clinical, and economic outcomes, supporting the feasibility and effectiveness of structured antimicrobial stewardship programs in tertiary-care hospitals with a high burden of antimicrobial resistance.</p>","PeriodicalId":94105,"journal":{"name":"Journal of postgraduate medicine","volume":" ","pages":"105-112"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13557514/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148804121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}