Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons最新文献_第3页

Emergency anterior cerebral artery endarterectomy after mechanical thrombectomy failure: illustrative case. 机械取栓失败后急诊脑前动脉内膜切除术：说明性病例。

Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons Pub Date : 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.3171/CASE2596

Kohei Yamamoto, Michihisa Narikiyo, Made Bhuwana Putra, Hiroki Narita, So Ohashi, Hidenori Matsuoka, Hirokazu Nagasaki, Yoshifumi Tsuboi, Yuichi Murayama

{"title":"Emergency anterior cerebral artery endarterectomy after mechanical thrombectomy failure: illustrative case.","authors":"Kohei Yamamoto, Michihisa Narikiyo, Made Bhuwana Putra, Hiroki Narita, So Ohashi, Hidenori Matsuoka, Hirokazu Nagasaki, Yoshifumi Tsuboi, Yuichi Murayama","doi":"10.3171/CASE2596","DOIUrl":"10.3171/CASE2596","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The neurological symptoms resulting from anterior cerebral artery (ACA) occlusions can be severe, with A2/3 occlusions reported as the most functionally impairing among medium-vessel occlusions. Patients with mechanical thrombectomy failure for acute A2/3 occlusions may occasionally require microsurgical interventions.Observations: An 84-year-old male presented to the authors' hospital with left lower limb paralysis. Brain CT angiography revealed a right A3 occlusion due to a calcified lesion. Alteplase was injected intravenously, and mechanical thrombectomy was performed. Navigating the aspiration catheter was difficult and the microwire was unable to pass through the lesion. Nevertheless, the authors later observed improvement in the flow of the ACA, and the paresis improved despite severe atherosclerotic stenosis. Two hours after the thrombectomy, the monoplegia deteriorated again. Therefore, the authors decided to perform microsurgical intervention. Complete ACA recanalization was achieved by performing endarterectomy for the lesion. Postoperatively, the patient was capable of walking independently.Lessons: Microsurgical treatment is feasible for a challenging ACA occlusion with a severe calcified lesion in which an endovascular attempt is considered to be too difficult. This is the first case in which a favorable clinical outcome was reached with an emergency endarterectomy performed for A3 severe stenosis. https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE2596.","PeriodicalId":94098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons","volume":"9 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12129034/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144210580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Notochord-derived lesion presenting with cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea: illustrative case. 脊索源性病变表现为脑脊液鼻漏：说明性病例。

Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons Pub Date : 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.3171/CASE25157

Takayuki Ishikawa, Nobuyasu Kato, Tetsuya Nagatani

{"title":"Notochord-derived lesion presenting with cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea: illustrative case.","authors":"Takayuki Ishikawa, Nobuyasu Kato, Tetsuya Nagatani","doi":"10.3171/CASE25157","DOIUrl":"10.3171/CASE25157","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Chordomas are rare neoplasms derived from the notochord, primarily affecting the skull base and sacral regions. While cranial nerve deficits are common, CSF rhinorrhea as an initial symptom is rare. Ecchordosis physaliphora (EP), another notochord-derived lesion, is typically asymptomatic but may also be present with CSF leakage. Differentiating between these entities remains challenging due to overlapping histopathological and imaging features.Observations: The authors report the case of a woman in her 50s with persistent CSF rhinorrhea for 4 months. Imaging revealed a central clival defect with mucosal protrusion, and endoscopic endonasal repair identified a fragile, whitish lesion. Histopathological examination confirmed a chordoma with features suggestive of EP, including low Ki-67 labeling. Given the lack of contrast enhancement on MRI and the benign clinical course, EP was suspected rather than an aggressive chordoma.Lessons: This case highlights the need to consider notochordal lesions in patients with idiopathic CSF rhinorrhea, particularly with clival defects. When CSF leakage with a suspected fistula at the central clivus is encountered, a notochord-derived lesion should be considered, and skull base reconstruction should be performed accordingly. https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE25157.","PeriodicalId":94098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons","volume":"9 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12129037/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144210582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Acute decompensation of chronic hydrocephalus following elective abdominal surgery presenting as paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity: illustrative case. 选择性腹部手术后慢性脑积水急性失代偿表现为阵发性交感神经亢进：说明性病例。

Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons Pub Date : 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.3171/CASE2547

Catherine Veilleux, Stefan T Lang, Regan King, Mark G Hamilton

{"title":"Acute decompensation of chronic hydrocephalus following elective abdominal surgery presenting as paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity: illustrative case.","authors":"Catherine Veilleux, Stefan T Lang, Regan King, Mark G Hamilton","doi":"10.3171/CASE2547","DOIUrl":"10.3171/CASE2547","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The management of asymptomatic untreated chronic hydrocephalus in adults remains controversial. Acute deterioration is uncommon. However, decompensation of stable patients has been described following trauma, physical activity, medical procedures, or Valsalva maneuvers. The authors report a case of acute decompensation after elective abdominal surgery in an adult with chronic hydrocephalus with an unusual clinical presentation of paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity.Observations: The decompensation manifested as episodes of paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity associated with features of dorsal midbrain impairment. The patient presented with transient episodes of decreased level of consciousness, tachycardia, hypertension, flushing, and sweating. He had upgaze restriction, lack of convergence, and pupillary dilatation, and his pupils were unresponsive to light. There was no structural change on brain imaging. The sympathetic hyperactivity and oculomotor abnormalities resolved with CSF diversion, and the patient made a complete neurological recovery.Lessons: Patients with chronic untreated hydrocephalus can decompensate due to increased physiological stress. Adult patients with untreated chronic hydrocephalus should be counseled about this possibility and evaluated carefully by a multidisciplinary team before consenting to major elective surgery. The presentation of acute decompensation can include paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity, which should be diagnosed and treated urgently, even if there is no radiological evidence of ventricular change. https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE2547.","PeriodicalId":94098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons","volume":"9 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12129038/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144210577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Anaphylaxis associated with Tisseel fibrin sealant during re-resection of a craniopharyngioma: illustrative case. 颅咽管瘤再切除术中与组织纤维蛋白密封剂相关的过敏反应：说明性病例。

Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons Pub Date : 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.3171/CASE2517

Niek Djuric, Jochem K H Spoor, Rosalie D Schröder, Erica L T van den Akker, Joyce A M Emons, Ruben Dammers

{"title":"Anaphylaxis associated with Tisseel fibrin sealant during re-resection of a craniopharyngioma: illustrative case.","authors":"Niek Djuric, Jochem K H Spoor, Rosalie D Schröder, Erica L T van den Akker, Joyce A M Emons, Ruben Dammers","doi":"10.3171/CASE2517","DOIUrl":"10.3171/CASE2517","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Tisseel is a widely used fibrin sealant often used in cranial surgery to control bleeding from the cavernous sinus, often with successful results.Observations: The authors present the case of a 10-year-old female patient who developed anaphylaxis during a re-resection of a craniopharyngioma, shortly after the application of Tisseel in the cavernous sinus. This reaction included a strong drop in blood pressure, rise in pulse, increase in oxygen requirements, and diffuse erythema and urticaria soon after after the use of Tisseel. Symptoms normalized after administration of adrenaline, clemastine, and hydrocortisone. A skin prick test later confirmed that the allergic reaction had not been to a single component of Tisseel but to a combination of its components.Lessons: This case and the accompanied literature can aid in recognizing patients at risk for an anaphylactic reaction against aprotinin. It also serves to remind us that medicine used locally in the surgical field can also cause anaphylaxis. https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE2517.","PeriodicalId":94098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons","volume":"9 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12129032/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144210578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Long-term follow-up of moyamoya disease in a patient with a duplicated middle cerebral artery: illustrative case. 脑中动脉重复的烟雾病患者的长期随访：说明性病例。

Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons Pub Date : 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.3171/CASE2598

Kaori Honjo, Toshiaki Osato, Yuuki Amano, Suguru Sakurai, Michiru Katayama, Toshiichi Watanabe, Hirohiko Nakamura

{"title":"Long-term follow-up of moyamoya disease in a patient with a duplicated middle cerebral artery: illustrative case.","authors":"Kaori Honjo, Toshiaki Osato, Yuuki Amano, Suguru Sakurai, Michiru Katayama, Toshiichi Watanabe, Hirohiko Nakamura","doi":"10.3171/CASE2598","DOIUrl":"10.3171/CASE2598","url":null,"abstract":"Background: This study reports a case investigating the long-term progression of moyamoya disease (MMD) involving a duplicated middle cerebral artery (MCA). MMD is characterized by progressive stenosis of the terminal internal carotid artery (ICA) and its terminal branches, which is accompanied by the formation of collateral vessels.Observations: A 49-year-old Japanese woman diagnosed with MMD at 38 years of age was found to have a duplicated right MCA through digital subtraction angiography. Two years after the diagnosis, the vascular lesion progressed, leading to dropout of the right proximal anterior cerebral artery and disappearance of the bilateral anterior cerebral artery. She experienced a transient ischemic attack 2 years after the diagnosis and underwent bilateral revascularization. Eleven years of follow-up revealed no stenosis in either the MCA or ICA.Lessons: The progression of MMD may be attributed to shear stress that might have weakened the ICA distal to the duplicated MCA. Blood flow to the duplicated MCA was maintained, and the proximal ICA did not develop stenosis due to the preservation of shear stress. https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE2598.","PeriodicalId":94098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons","volume":"9 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12129033/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144210581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Scalp necrosis following decompressive craniectomy in pediatric patient populations: illustrative case. 儿童患者颅骨减压切除术后的头皮坏死：说明性病例。

Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons Pub Date : 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.3171/CASE24614

Jovanna A Tracz, Aracelia Aldrete, Joshua Scarcella, Jesus Inciong, Joseph F Dilustro, Yifan Guo

{"title":"Scalp necrosis following decompressive craniectomy in pediatric patient populations: illustrative case.","authors":"Jovanna A Tracz, Aracelia Aldrete, Joshua Scarcella, Jesus Inciong, Joseph F Dilustro, Yifan Guo","doi":"10.3171/CASE24614","DOIUrl":"10.3171/CASE24614","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Full-thickness scalp necrosis is a rare complication following decompressive craniectomy (DC), leaving the underlying dura mater and brain vulnerable to infection and further injury. The authors describe a case of scalp necrosis extending down to the dura in a 2-year-old male following emergency frontotemporoparietal DC, in addition to the method used for reconstruction of both the large scalp defect and the underlying skull defect. The results of a systematic review of reconstruction of combined scalp and calvarial defects are also presented.Observations: Following debridement of the necrotic scalp, serial flap advancements were performed for temporary dural coverage, with a dermal matrix placed over the dura. Definitive reconstruction was performed using tissue expansion, a polyetheretherketone implant, and rotation of the expanded flap. In a review of the literature, 14 cases met the inclusion criteria. The mean patient age was 9 months, and the mean size of the scalp defect was 61 cm2. An algorithm for acute and long-term management and reconstruction of composite scalp and calvarial defects is proposed.Lessons: Long-term reconstruction of pediatric scalp defects following DC requires a multidisciplinary approach based on patient factors including etiology of injury, patient age, size of the defect, and potential for hair regrowth. https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE24614.","PeriodicalId":94098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons","volume":"9 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12129036/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144210583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Epstein-Barr virus-associated smooth muscle tumor partially occluding the superior sagittal sinus: illustrative case. eb病毒相关的平滑肌肿瘤部分闭塞上矢状窦：说明性病例。

Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons Pub Date : 2025-05-26 DOI: 10.3171/CASE24759

Martina L Mustroph, Ian Tafel, Wenya Linda Bi, Scellig S Stone

引用次数: 0

Revisiting traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage in the context of ENRICH: illustrative cases. 重访创伤性脑出血在充实的背景下：说明性的案例。

Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons Pub Date : 2025-05-26 DOI: 10.3171/CASE24591

Erik Werheim, Brendan McShane, Zachary Sokol, Theodore Hannah, Robert Ziechmann, Phillip Villaneuva

{"title":"Revisiting traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage in the context of ENRICH: illustrative cases.","authors":"Erik Werheim, Brendan McShane, Zachary Sokol, Theodore Hannah, Robert Ziechmann, Phillip Villaneuva","doi":"10.3171/CASE24591","DOIUrl":"10.3171/CASE24591","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage (tICH) is a common form of intracranial hemorrhage after traumatic brain injury (TBI). The role of surgical intervention in tICH remains a subject of discussion. Recent trials, such as Early Minimally Invasive Removal of Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ENRICH), have shown the efficacy of minimally invasive clot evacuation for non-tICH for hemorrhages with volumes of 30-80 mL. The generalizability of ENRICH to tICH remains unclear; however, it demonstrates the need for rigorous studies evaluating the efficacy of surgical intervention in tICH versus medical management.Observations: Here the authors present 2 cases of tICH, both in the dominant temporal lobe, of similar volumes. One case was managed surgically and the other medically. The decision to operate on the first patient was due to interval enlargement of the hematoma. In the second patient, the decline in neurological examination was attributable to perilesional edema, and the decision was made to manage the patient medically. Both patients ultimately had good outcomes.Lessons: The management of patients with tICH remains challenging. However, having a sophisticated understanding of the biological processes underlying the patient's presentation is paramount in delivering optimal management. Larger and more granular studies are needed in order to further clarify the role of operative intervention in patients with tICH. https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE24591.","PeriodicalId":94098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons","volume":"9 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12105593/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144153141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Vertebral artery dissection with cerebellar stroke after use of a percussive massage device: illustrative case. 使用撞击式按摩装置后椎动脉夹层伴小脑卒中：说明性病例。

Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons Pub Date : 2025-05-26 DOI: 10.3171/CASE24812

Prasanth Romiyo, Taylor Furst, Derek D George, Nathaniel Ellens, Matthew T Bender, Mark R Harrigan

{"title":"Vertebral artery dissection with cerebellar stroke after use of a percussive massage device: illustrative case.","authors":"Prasanth Romiyo, Taylor Furst, Derek D George, Nathaniel Ellens, Matthew T Bender, Mark R Harrigan","doi":"10.3171/CASE24812","DOIUrl":"10.3171/CASE24812","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Vertebral artery dissection is a rare condition often due to blunt cerebrovascular injury (BCVI). Electric massage devices have rarely been documented as an etiology of BCVI; however, their use has become widespread. The authors present an illustrative case and literature review of right vertebral artery BCVI and cerebellar infarct following the use of an antique electric massage device.Observations: A 65-year-old male presented with acute onset vertigo and nausea after using an antique electric massage device on his neck to relieve muscle tension. BCVI in the right vertebral artery was identified via CT angiography (CTA). MRI of the brain confirmed associated cerebellar infarction. Follow-up catheter cerebral angiography confirmed a right V3 segment intraluminal thrombus and V4 segment dissection. After inpatient observation, the patient was discharged on oral anticoagulation. At the 1-month follow-up, he reported no new symptoms, and CTA revealed resolution of the V3 thrombus and healing V4 dissection.Lessons: The authors report the first case of MRI-proven stroke in association with vertebral artery BCVI after the use of an antique electric massage device. This case highlights the need for kinetic studies to assess the force distribution of percussive instruments in an effort to prevent injuries. https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE24812.","PeriodicalId":94098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons","volume":"9 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12105589/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144153146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Stroke-like migraine attack after radiation therapy (SMART) syndrome in a pediatric patient with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt: illustrative case. 脑室-腹膜分流术患儿放射治疗后卒中样偏头痛发作（SMART）综合征：说明性病例。

Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons Pub Date : 2025-05-26 DOI: 10.3171/CASE25189

Christopher S Lozano, Cody L Nesvick, Alexandra De Sequeira, Lindsey M Vogt, Suzane Laughlin, Puneet Jain, Abhaya V Kulkarni, James T Rutka, George M Ibrahim, James Drake

{"title":"Stroke-like migraine attack after radiation therapy (SMART) syndrome in a pediatric patient with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt: illustrative case.","authors":"Christopher S Lozano, Cody L Nesvick, Alexandra De Sequeira, Lindsey M Vogt, Suzane Laughlin, Puneet Jain, Abhaya V Kulkarni, James T Rutka, George M Ibrahim, James Drake","doi":"10.3171/CASE25189","DOIUrl":"10.3171/CASE25189","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Stroke-like migraine attack after radiation therapy (SMART) syndrome is a rare, episodic neurological condition characterized by headache and unilateral cortical deficits following remote cranial radiation therapy. It is more frequently reported in adults, while pediatric cases remain exceedingly rare due to the latency period between radiation therapy and onset, which can span years to decades. Diagnosis is challenging due to overlapping symptoms with conditions like ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) malfunction.Observations: The authors report the case of an 11-year-old boy with SMART syndrome following radiation treatment for a resected pineal region nongerminomatous germ cell tumor and VPS placement. The patient presented with headache, vomiting, lethargy, and seizures, raising initial concern for shunt malfunction. MRI revealed left occipital and posterior temporal cortical FLAIR hyperintensity and abnormal leptomeningeal enhancement, consistent with SMART syndrome. Multidisciplinary evaluation ruled out shunt failure and tumor recurrence. A course of corticosteroids led to symptom resolution. A review of 15 pediatric cases highlights variability in latency, symptoms, and treatment, with most patients responding favorably.Lessons: SMART syndrome, although rare, should be considered in pediatric patients with postradiation episodic neurological symptoms to avoid unnecessary interventions. Multidisciplinary collaboration is essential. Further studies are needed to establish standardized diagnostic and treatment protocols. https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE25189.","PeriodicalId":94098,"journal":{"name":"Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons","volume":"9 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12105588/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144153142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0