Flávio Roberto Mello Garcia, Karina Jobim Pinto, Andressa Lima de Brida, Bárbara Rafaela da Rosa, Lorena Del Carmen Suárez, Segundo Ricardo Núñez-Campero, María Josefina Buonocore-Biancheri, Sergio Marcelo Ovruski
{"title":"Outlook on the progress of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) biological control in South America.","authors":"Flávio Roberto Mello Garcia, Karina Jobim Pinto, Andressa Lima de Brida, Bárbara Rafaela da Rosa, Lorena Del Carmen Suárez, Segundo Ricardo Núñez-Campero, María Josefina Buonocore-Biancheri, Sergio Marcelo Ovruski","doi":"10.1093/jee/toaf196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toaf196","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Drosophila suzukii Matsumura (Diptera: Drosophilidae), or spotted wing drosophila is one of the most relevant threats to global fruit production and trade. In South America, D. suzukii was detected and established in Brazil in 2013, Uruguay and Argentina in 2014, and Chile in 2017. Several studies describing the potential parasitoids, entomopathogens, and predators for controlling D. suzukii have provided the groundwork for implementing biological control programs in South America, particularly in Argentina and Brazil. Brazilian isolates of entomopathogenic nematodes of the genera Heterorhabditis and Steinernema are promising in controlling the pest. Among all resident parasitoids associated with D. suzukii in South America, Trichopria anastrephae Lima (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae) has been highly effective against the pest in recent laboratory and greenhouse studies, but further research is needed to determine approaches for mass production and augmentative release. The review examines the South American natural enemies associated with D. suzukii and their potential for developing biological control in the region, mainly in fruit-growing regions from Argentina and Brazil.</p>","PeriodicalId":94077,"journal":{"name":"Journal of economic entomology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144984047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jiayao He, Peishan Sun, Cong Wang, Fan Jiang, Xubin Pan, Ke Chen
{"title":"Ecological niche comparisons of 3 polyphagous fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) species using ensemble models with soil variables.","authors":"Jiayao He, Peishan Sun, Cong Wang, Fan Jiang, Xubin Pan, Ke Chen","doi":"10.1093/jee/toaf143","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jee/toaf143","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Invasive polyphagous fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) species, including Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett), Zeugodacus tau (Walker), and Bactrocera zonata (Saunders), pose significant threats to agricultural and food security, particularly in Southeast Asia. This study aims to develop and evaluate species distribution models to predict the potential distribution of the 3 tephritid species based on climatic, soil, and topographic factors. Individual models and ensemble models were employed and tested to identify suitable areas across the region. The study also assesses the ecological niches of the 3 species across key environmental gradients. Our findings highlight that soil factors, often overlooked in predictive modeling, play a critical role in shaping their distributions and improving model prediction accuracy. The outperformance of ensemble models is further demonstrated among different modeling algorithms. The results provide valuable insights into the ecological niches of these invasive fruit fly species, and underscore the necessary of incorporating soil factors in model predictions, to improve invasive risk assessments and inform biosecurity measures.</p>","PeriodicalId":94077,"journal":{"name":"Journal of economic entomology","volume":" ","pages":"1802-1812"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144562437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Giovanni Dal Zotto, Thibault P M Costaz, Gabriele Pesavento, Klaas van Rozen, Herman H M Helsen, Paola Gotta, Beniamino Cavagna, Mariangela Ciampitti, Nicola Mori
{"title":"Effectiveness of mulches in preventing Popillia japonica (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) oviposition in nursery potted plants.","authors":"Giovanni Dal Zotto, Thibault P M Costaz, Gabriele Pesavento, Klaas van Rozen, Herman H M Helsen, Paola Gotta, Beniamino Cavagna, Mariangela Ciampitti, Nicola Mori","doi":"10.1093/jee/toaf106","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jee/toaf106","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Popillia japonica Newman (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) is a priority quarantine pest of the European Union that can pose an economic threat to certain agricultural activities. When female beetles have a choice, container substrates are not the preferred or suitable oviposition sites; however, plant nurseries are a potential pathway for spreading the pest. For this reason, producers must abide by restrictive measures to guarantee P. japonica-free plants, leading to major restrictions on their commercial activities. An innovative and sustainable approach to P. japonica control involves the application of a mulch layer to potted plants to physically prevent beetle oviposition. A choice test compared the effectiveness of 13 mulching materials in preventing P. japonica oviposition and the influence of soil moisture on egg laying. Additionally, for 10 of these materials, the role of mulch physical properties in preventing oviposition in potted plants was assessed in a no-choice test. The survey demonstrated that mulching can significantly reduce the risk of P. japonica's oviposition in container substrates. Mulches with higher specific weights, such as gravel and lapilli pebbles, achieved greater control. Soil moisture influenced P. japonica oviposition, with higher moisture levels leading to increased egg laying. The application of suitable mulches represents an effective phytosanitary measure to improve the sustainable management of P. japonica in nurseries.</p>","PeriodicalId":94077,"journal":{"name":"Journal of economic entomology","volume":" ","pages":"1589-1598"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12449163/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144287662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
David R Coyle, Rafael De La Torre, Jess A Hartshorn, Samantha M Kennett, R Scott Cameron, C Wayne Berisford
{"title":"Impacts of Nantucket pine tip moth, Rhyacionia frustrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) management on rotation-length economic returns of loblolly pine.","authors":"David R Coyle, Rafael De La Torre, Jess A Hartshorn, Samantha M Kennett, R Scott Cameron, C Wayne Berisford","doi":"10.1093/jee/toaf072","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jee/toaf072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Nantucket pine tip moth, Rhyacionia frustrana, is primarily a pest of young pines (Pinus L.) in the southern United States and parts of Central America. Feeding damage can result in terminal mortality, stunted tree growth, and occasional tree death. Further, long-term impacts of Nantucket pine tip moth feeding can lead to persistent growth reductions throughout the entire harvest rotation; however, there is a dearth of new research on Nantucket pine tip moth-especially economic impacts-over the last several decades, and information is lacking regarding the economic impact of Nantucket pine tip moth damage over an entire stand rotation. To address this issue, we evaluated the economic impact of Nantucket pine tip moth feeding in a loblolly pine stand in North Carolina over a 23-yr harvest rotation. Our economic analysis suggested that under the right circumstances, Nantucket pine tip moth control could be economically worthwhile-but this would depend on several extrinsic factors, including site index, tree growth rate, market value of the products, and the cost of management activities. The need to manage Nantucket pine tip moth currently varies both spatially and temporally, and our data shows that this stochasticity will likely persist throughout the harvest rotation, and that Nantucket pine tip moth treatment should be carefully considered on a site-by-site basis.</p>","PeriodicalId":94077,"journal":{"name":"Journal of economic entomology","volume":" ","pages":"1752-1761"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144095902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leslie A Holmes, Jeffery Kearns, Nicole McCormick, Emily Olson, Lynae Ovinge, Patricia Wolf Veiga, Renata B Labuschagne, Shelley E Hoover
{"title":"Queen honey bee (Apis mellifera) survival and colony performance after overwintering mated queens indoors.","authors":"Leslie A Holmes, Jeffery Kearns, Nicole McCormick, Emily Olson, Lynae Ovinge, Patricia Wolf Veiga, Renata B Labuschagne, Shelley E Hoover","doi":"10.1093/jee/toaf022","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jee/toaf022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Honey bee, Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) winter colony mortality has reached sustained high levels and beekeepers depend on the availability of mated honey bee queens in early spring to recoup colony losses. Unfortunately, importing mated queens from other countries is currently the only reliable option meeting the demands of commercial beekeeping each spring in Canada. However, relying on queen imports brings another set of challenges, as supply chains can be disrupted, border crossings closed, imports prohibited, and the transportation of live animals can be stressful. This study explored the potential for Canadian beekeepers to supply queens in early spring by overwintering queens in queen banks that mated the previous summer. Queens were overwintered indoors in five queen banks. The following spring, the overwintered banked queens and a group of newly mated imported queens were introduced to colonies to evaluate queen introduction success and colony performance and survival over the following year. Queen survival in overwintered queen banks was low, with only 15% queen survival overall. Sperm viability of the banked queens prior to overwintering in queen banks was 30% higher than queens post-overwintering in queen banks. However, queen introduction success in the spring 2021, colony size, honey yield, and winter survival did not differ among queens that overwintered in queen banks and newly mated queens that were imported that spring. These results suggest banked overwintered queens have comparable performance to newly mated imported queens; although, overwintering mated queens in queen banks is risky, as entire queen banks can be lost, significantly reducing queen survival and the availability of mated queens in early spring.</p>","PeriodicalId":94077,"journal":{"name":"Journal of economic entomology","volume":" ","pages":"1512-1518"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12397964/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144512950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zachary P Cohen, Lindsey C Perkin, Adriane N Fifield, Tyler J Raszick, Gregory A Sword, Charles P-C Suh
{"title":"Source population determination for boll weevil re-infestation Events in Texas.","authors":"Zachary P Cohen, Lindsey C Perkin, Adriane N Fifield, Tyler J Raszick, Gregory A Sword, Charles P-C Suh","doi":"10.1093/jee/toaf139","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jee/toaf139","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The boll weevil, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, is a pest of commercial cotton in the Americas that has been successfully eradicated throughout most of the United States. However, endemic populations in the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) along the Texas-Mexico border continue to threaten U.S. cotton production. When a boll weevil is captured in an eradicated zone, knowledge of its geographic origin benefit eradication programs and helps to implement safeguards to reduce future infestation. Here, we determine the likely geographic origin for a 2018 boll weevil outbreak in a previously eradicated region near Kingsville, TX, using independent methods of population ancestry, relatedness, and population genetic approaches. We measure and compare the genetic signatures to similar outbreaks in other eradicated zones of Texas from prior years, as well as to boll weevil individuals captured throughout the LRGV. Finally, we assess the reliability of our relatedness metrics by validating our approach with genetic lines of the model insect Tribolium castaneum Herbst. We conclude that the 2018 boll weevil outbreak in Kingsville likely originated from an independent introduction of individuals from the LRGV. Relatedness patterns among these samples also indicate they are closely related to each other, e.g., parent-offspring, sibling-sibling, or half siblings, suggesting reproduction occurred in nearby cotton fields following the introduction of a few individuals into the region. Together, these methods and results illustrate the utility of whole-genome sequencing, demographic reconstruction, classical population genetics, and contemporary pairwise relatedness for non-model insects to support precise agricultural management and conclusive source estimation.</p>","PeriodicalId":94077,"journal":{"name":"Journal of economic entomology","volume":" ","pages":"1913-1921"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144532027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluating the potential of Artemisia annua essential oil for controlling Hyphantria cunea (Lepidoptera: Erebidae): effects on larval development, immune function, and enzymatic activities.","authors":"Malahat Mojarab-Mahboubkar, Jalal Jalali Sendi","doi":"10.1093/jee/toaf120","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jee/toaf120","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea (Drury) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), is a globally pervasive and destructive polyphagous defoliator. This study investigates the effects of Artemisia annua L. essential oil and its two constituents, camphor and 1,8-cineole, on developmental parameters, immune responses, and various enzyme activities in H. cunea larvae. Third instars were topically treated with A. annua essential oil (LD10: 80.74 μg/larva, LD30: 177.08 μg/larva, and LD50: 305.05 μg/larva), camphor (LD10: 98.59 μg/larva, LD30: 246.5 μg/larva, and LD50: 465.03 μg/larva), and 1,8-cineole (LD10: 135.34 μg/larva, LD30: 317.64 μg/larva, and LD50: 573.49 μg/larva). Developmental indices, including larval, pre-pupal, and pupal durations, were extended in treated larvae, while adult lifespan and fecundity were notably reduced in comparison to the control. Exposure to increasing concentrations of A. annua essential oil, camphor, and 1,8-cineole significantly reduced larval hemocyte counts. Granulocytes and plasmatocytes are essential hemocytes responsible for phagocytosis and the encapsulation of harmful agents. A decrease in these cells weakens immune defenses and makes larvae more susceptible to pathogenic challenges. Additionally, the observed decline in both nodulation following Beauveria bassiana injection and phenoloxidase activity underscores an overall suppression of immune function. Antioxidant enzyme activities including superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase increased significantly in treated larvae relative to controls. Meanwhile, acetylcholinesterase activity declined significantly after 48 h of treatment, and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase levels increased substantially at both 24 and 48 h The findings suggest that A. annua essential oil could serve as a promising, safe, and sustainable option for managing H. cunea.</p>","PeriodicalId":94077,"journal":{"name":"Journal of economic entomology","volume":" ","pages":"1680-1693"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144593267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Minimizing the impact of invasive Coptotermes sp. (Heterotermitidae) on urban tree canopies using a recurrent inspection-elimination program.","authors":"Thomas Chouvenc, Alvin Brown","doi":"10.1093/jee/toaf167","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jee/toaf167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Invasive subterranean termite species within the genus Coptotermes (Heterotermitidae) are important structural pests. However, they also cause extensive damage in live trees and pose serious risks to tree health as a result. The urban tree canopy in areas with established populations of Coptotermes are therefore at risk of loss of trees over time, and many urban forests within municipality parks in their introduced range may experience tangible canopy alteration. This can have wide-reaching negative impacts on the ecology of these parks and to the public that utilize them. This 5-yr long study utilized eight parks (1,304 trees) to demonstrate how a simple visual monitoring/bait approach can identify and eliminate termite colonies infesting trees and maintain minimal termite activity within public green spaces. Here, we demonstrate that the systematic direct application of an experimental above-ground chitin synthesis inhibitor (CSI) bait formulation to trees can eliminate termite activity and protect trees. However, owing to high termite pressure, colony reinfestation is likely over time, and municipalities may have to establish perennial programs that would include regular monitoring and treatment as needed. Such a long-term strategy would minimize tree loss, while using a termite-specific formulated pesticide with a low amount of active ingredient. This pilot study demonstrates that it can be achieved, but ultimately, the success of this approach relies on technically competent staff that can readily identify the signs of active Coptotermes infestation in trees and access to above ground CSI bait formulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":94077,"journal":{"name":"Journal of economic entomology","volume":" ","pages":"1868-1878"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144610724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jun Liao, Guanying Ma, Minghui Xie, Heping Li, Silin Chen, Fei Su, Renmin Dong, Fangling Xu, Jianfeng Liu, Tao Wang, Chengxu Wu, Maofa Yang
{"title":"Tolerance of Megabruchidius dorsalis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) at different developmental stages to short-term high temperature stress and its physiological response.","authors":"Jun Liao, Guanying Ma, Minghui Xie, Heping Li, Silin Chen, Fei Su, Renmin Dong, Fangling Xu, Jianfeng Liu, Tao Wang, Chengxu Wu, Maofa Yang","doi":"10.1093/jee/toaf105","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jee/toaf105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The seed beetle, Megabruchidius dorsalis (Fåhraeus), is an oligophagous pest that damages Gleditsia seeds, thereby severely reducing their yield and quality. To explore the tolerance of M. dorsalis to short-term high temperature stress, the effect of short-term exposure to high temperatures (28, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, and 60 °C treated for 1, 2, and 3 h) on different developmental stages of M. dorsalis and its physiological response of adults were conducted. The results showed that the egg hatching rate and adult emergence ratio of M. dorsalis were significantly decreased after short-term high temperature stress. Short-term high temperature stress significantly prolonged the longevity and preoviposition period of M. dorsalis adults, but decreased their fecundity. The eggs, larvae, and adults of M. dorsalis were completely controlled at 55, 60, and 50 °C, respectively. High temperature significantly decreased the water content, but increased malondialdehyde content in female and male adults with the increase in temperature. The glycogen and glycerol content of female adults first significantly decreased and then increased as the temperature rose, while that of male adults significantly increased. These findings could provide a reference for formulating high temperature treatment strategies for M. dorsalis.</p>","PeriodicalId":94077,"journal":{"name":"Journal of economic entomology","volume":" ","pages":"1959-1971"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144512956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"De novo transcriptome sequencing to identify the neuropeptides and neuropeptide receptors of the paulownia bagworm Clania variegata (Lepidoptera: Psychidae).","authors":"Guobao Wang, Lei Nie","doi":"10.1093/jee/toaf141","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jee/toaf141","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In insects, neuropeptides are important signal molecules, mainly synthesized and released from neurosecretory cells within the central nervous system. Neuropeptides regulate multiple behavioral and physiological processes by acting on their corresponding receptors and are increasingly being considered as targets for new environmentally friendly insecticides. In this study, RNA-seq technology and bioinformatics were used to explore neuropeptides and their receptors by comparing the transcriptome profiles of the larval heads of male and female Clania variegata Snellen (Lepidoptera: Psychidae), a pest with significant agricultural and ecological impact. The clean transcriptome reads were assembled into 41,283 unigenes, with 2,461 differently expressed genes (DEGs) between the male and female groups. Fourteen neuropeptides were identified, of which allatotropin, allatostatin, and eclosion hormone can be used as potential pest control agents based on their pivotal roles in regulating growth and development. Several amidated neuropeptides were also identified, including neuropeptide IMFamide, myosuppressin-like isoform X2, neuropeptide F, short neuropeptide F, FMRFamide-related peptides, and CCHamide-2 isoform X2. Additionally, neuropeptides such as ion transport peptide-like, diuretic hormone class 2, diuretic hormone 41 isoform X4, and pro-corazonin are believed to regulate ion and water balance through modulation of the excretory system. Fifteen neuropeptide receptors were found, including those for allatostatin-A, neuropeptide CCHamide-2, neuropeptide F, FMRFamide, and neuropeptide SIFamide, several of which are implicated in behavioral regulation. However, no significant differences in neuropeptide or receptor expression were observed between sexes. These results enrich the neuropeptide gene database and offer insights into the neuropeptidergic signaling system in C. variegata.</p>","PeriodicalId":94077,"journal":{"name":"Journal of economic entomology","volume":" ","pages":"1901-1912"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144512893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}