Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A最新文献

{"title":"Thrombin Immobilized Hemocompatible Radiopaque Polyurethane Microspheres for Topical Blood Coagulation.","authors":"Sonali S Naik, Arun Torris, Gorakh Hiraman Ghuge, V K Karthika, Roy Joseph, Kiran Sukumaran Nair","doi":"10.1002/jbm.a.37828","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jbm.a.37828","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the past decade, there has been growing interest in developing microspheres for embolization procedures. However, the lack of noninvasive monitoring of the embolic agents and the occurrence of reflux phenomenon leading to unintentional occlusions has raised concerns regarding their compatibility/suitability for embolization therapy. Here we report the development of specialty microspheres having intrinsic radiopacity and surface functionality to tackle the existing complications that pave the way for more advanced solutions. To achieve the above goal, an iodinated monomer, termed \"IBHV,\" capable of imparting radiopacity and functionality, was synthesized and used as a chain extender to make radiopaque polyurethane. Microspheres with a smooth surface and an average diameter of 474 ± 73 μm were fabricated from this polyurethane. The microspheres obtained were noncytotoxic, had a permissible hemolysis rate, and showed better traceability on x-ray imaging. Subsequent immobilization of thrombin onto microspheres improved their hemostatic effect. This study demonstrated that immobilization of thrombin would lead to microspheres with unique traits of radiopacity and hemostatic properties, which will undoubtedly enhance embolization efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":94066,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A","volume":" ","pages":"e37828"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142607813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vitro Assessment of Thermo-Responsive Scaffold as a 3D Synthetic Matrix for CAR-T Potency Testing Against Glioblastoma Spheroids.","authors":"Gaby D Lizana-Vasquez, Shanmathi Ramasubramanian, Amin Davarzani, Dan Cappabianca, Krishanu Saha, Lohitash Karumbaiah, Madeline Torres-Lugo","doi":"10.1002/jbm.a.37823","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jbm.a.37823","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell immunotherapy has demonstrated exceptional efficacy against hematological malignancies, but notably less against solid tumors. To overcome this limitation, it is critical to investigate antitumor CAR-T cell potency in synthetic 3D microenvironments that can simulate the physical barriers presented by solid tumors. The overall goal of this study was the preliminary assessment of a synthetic thermo-responsive material as a substrate for in vitro co-cultures of anti-disialoganglioside (GD2) CAR-T cells and patient-derived glioblastoma (GBM) spheroids. Independent co-culture experiments demonstrated that the encapsulation process did not adversely affect the cell cycle progression of glioma stem cells (GSCs) or CAR-T cells. GSC spheroids grew over time within the terpolymer scaffold, when seeded in the same ratio as the suspension control. Co-cultures of CAR-T cells in suspension with hydrogel-encapsulated GSC spheroids demonstrated that CAR-T cells could migrate through the hydrogel and target the encapsulated GSC spheroids. CAR-T cells killed approximately 80% of encapsulated GSCs, while maintaining effective CD4:CD8 T cell ratios and secreting inflammatory cytokines after interacting with GD2-expressing GSCs. Importantly, the scaffolds also facilitated cell harvesting for downstream cellular analysis. This study demonstrated that a synthetic 3D terpolymer hydrogel can serve as an artificial scaffold to investigate cellular immunotherapeutic potency against solid tumors.</p>","PeriodicalId":94066,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A","volume":" ","pages":"e37823"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142515334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel 3D printed bioactive SiC orthopedic screw promotes bone growth associated activities by macrophages, neurons, and osteoblasts.","authors":"Ahmed El-Ghannam, Farjana Sultana, Didier Dréau, Arjun Tiwari, In Hong Yang, Randa AlFotawi, Christine Knabe-Ducheyne","doi":"10.1002/jbm.a.37801","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jbm.a.37801","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ceramic additive manufacturing currently relies on binders or high-energy lasers, each with limitations affecting final product quality and suitability for medical applications. To address these challenges, our laboratory has devised a surface activation technique for ceramic particles that eliminates the necessity for polymer binders or high-energy lasers in ceramic additive manufacturing. We utilized this method to 3D print bioactive SiC orthopedic screws and evaluated their properties. The study's findings reveal that chemical oxidation of SiC activated its surface, enabling 3D printing of orthopedic screws in a binder jet printer. Post-processing impregnation with NaOH and/or NH₄OH strengthened the scaffold by promoting silica crystallization or partial conversion of silicon oxide into silicon nitride. The silica surface of the SiC 3D printed orthopedic screws facilitated osteoblast and neuron adhesion and extensive axon synthesis. The silicate ions released from the 3D printed SiC screws favorably modulated macrophage immune responses toward an M1 phenotype as indicated by the inhibition of TNFα secretions and of reactive oxygen species (ROS) expression along with the promotion of IL6R shedding. In contrast, under the same experimental conditions, Ti ions released from Ti6Al4V discs promoted macrophage TNFα secretion and ROS expression. In vivo tests demonstrated direct bone deposition on the SiC scaffold and a strong interfacial bond between the implanted SiC and bone. Immunostaining showed innervation, mineralization, and vascularization of the newly formed bone at the interface with SiC. Taken altogether, the 3D printed SiC orthopedic screws foster a favorable environment for wound healing and bone regeneration. The novel 3D printing method, based on ceramic surface activation represents a significant advancement in ceramic additive manufacturing and is applicable to a wide variety of materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":94066,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A","volume":" ","pages":"e37801"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142335233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functionalized Polyvinyl Alcohol-Gelatin Graft for the Treatment of Tympanic Membrane Perforations.","authors":"Jasmin Joseph, P Ramesh, K Sayooj, M Unnikrishnan, G Unnikrishnan","doi":"10.1002/jbm.a.37818","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jbm.a.37818","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The majority of issues related to patients suffering from conductive hearing loss and repeated otitis media are due to chronic tympanic membrane perforations. This generally requires a surgical procedure called tympanoplasty to seal the perforation where autologous grafts are used to reconstruct the membrane. However, the limitations associated with surgical procedures and the limited graft-material availability often cause difficulties in this route; demanding novel procedures or materials. The basic requirements for a synthetic graft-material for this application cover excellent cell adherence with no immune response and inflammatory actions at the site of implantation along with wound-healing characteristics and sufficient acoustic and mechanical properties. With this aim, an innovative graft material has been developed with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as the base component through this work. To ensure better cell adhesion and proliferation, a natural polymer, gelatin, has been cross-linked with PVA through a maleic anhydride (MA) intermediate; with a two-step synthesis protocol. The mechanical strength of graft material has been found to be tunable by adjusting the ratio of gelatin with PVA. Laser Doppler Vibrometry (LDV) has been employed to evaluate its acoustic properties upon exposure to a frequency sweep of 10-8000 Hz. The in vitro biocompatibility assays using L929 and RPMI 2650 cells substantiate the material's compatibility; ensuring its potential clinical applications toward chronic tympanic membrane perforations.</p>","PeriodicalId":94066,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A","volume":" ","pages":"e37818"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142549823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metal Nanoparticles for Simultaneous Use in AC Magnetic Field Hyperthermia and Magnetic Resonance Imaging.","authors":"Kübra Solak, Mustafa Atiş, Ahmet Emre Kasapoğlu, Adem Karaman, Ahmet Mavi","doi":"10.1002/jbm.a.37817","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jbm.a.37817","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are produced for both diagnosis and treatment due to their simultaneous availability in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and magnetic hyperthermia (MHT). Extensive investigations focus on developing MNPs for individual MHT or MRI applications, but the development of MNPs for theragnostic applications has received very little attention. In this study, through efficient examination of synthesis conditions such as metal precursors, reaction parameters, and solvent choices, we aimed to optimize MNP production for effective utilization for MHT and MRI simultaneously. MNPs were synthesized by thermal decomposition under 17 different conditions and deeply characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The heating efficiency of MNPs under an alternating current (AC) magnetic field was quantified, while MRI performance was evaluated through agar phantom experiments. Our findings highlight the crucial role of benzyl ether in metal ion reduction and size control. Metal-doped iron oxide MNPs displayed promise for MHT, whereas Mn-doped iron oxide MNPs exhibited enhanced MRI capabilities. Consequently, five engineered MNPs were considered potential candidates for further studies, demonstrating their dual ability in MRI and MHT.</p>","PeriodicalId":94066,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A","volume":" ","pages":"e37817"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142549825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tin Silver Alloy as a Biomaterial: Corrosion Characteristics and Cellular Behavior.","authors":"Charley M Goodwin, Annsley O Mace, Jeremy L Gilbert","doi":"10.1002/jbm.a.37822","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jbm.a.37822","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tin-silver (Sn-Ag) has been used as a permanently implanted biomaterial within the Essure female sterilization device and in dental amalgams; however, little data exist for Sn-Ag's corrosion characteristics and/or cellular interactions. In this study, to assess its suitability as a degradable metallic biomaterial, 95-5 wt% Sn-Ag solder was subjected to corrosion testing including open circuit potential (OCP), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and anodic potentiodynamic polarization in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and cell culture media (with serum proteins) at room temperature (25°C) and body temperature (37°C). Cell culture studies were also performed. Mouse pre-osteoblast cells (MC3T3-E1) were cultured in media on Sn-Ag discs and monitored over 24 h at potentials below, around, or above Sn-Ag's breakdown potential, fixed, and then viewed using SEM. Separately, cells on tissue culture plastic were subjected to increasing concentrations of SnCl₂ in media for 24 h before a live-dead imaging at each concentration to determine cell viability and area fraction covered when compared with a control well. The results show both passive (in PBS), with a breakdown potential of -250 mV versus Ag/AgCl and active polarization behavior (in AMEM with proteins). EIS results showed polarization resistance (R _p ) in the 10⁵ Ωcm² range but decreased generally with increasing temperature (p < 0.05). Cells were well attached on Sn-Ag surfaces at OCP and below the breakdown potential, but when anodically polarized, cells reduced their spread area and became more spherical, indicating less viability. SnCl₂ exhibited a dose-dependent killing effect on MC3T3 cells with a lethal dose for 50% of about 0.5 mM. The results of these experiments show that Sn-Ag alloys can be considered as degradable metallic biomaterials.</p>","PeriodicalId":94066,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A","volume":" ","pages":"e37822"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142549826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ti₃C₂T _x -UHMWPE Nanocomposites-Towards an Enhanced Wear-Resistance of Biomedical Implants.","authors":"Benedict Rothammer, Klara Feile, Siegfried Werner, Rainer Frank, Marcel Bartz, Sandro Wartzack, Dirk W Schubert, Dietmar Drummer, Rainer Detsch, Bo Wang, Andreas Rosenkranz, Max Marian","doi":"10.1002/jbm.a.37819","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jbm.a.37819","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>There is an urgent need to enhance the mechanical and biotribological performance of polymeric materials utilized in biomedical devices such as load-bearing artificial joints, notably ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). While two-dimensional (2D) materials like graphene, graphene oxide (GO), reduced GO, or hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) have shown promise as reinforcement phases in polymer matrix composites (PMCs), the potential of MXenes, known for their chemical inertness, mechanical robustness, and wear-resistance, remains largely unexplored in biotribology. This study aims to address this gap by fabricating Ti₃C₂T _x -UHMWPE nanocomposites using compression molding. Primary objectives include enhancements in mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and biotribological performance, particularly in terms of friction and wear resistance in cobalt chromium alloy pin-on-UHMWPE disk experiments lubricated by artificial synovial fluid. Thereby, no substantial changes in the indentation hardness or the elastic modulus are observed, while the analysis of the resulting wettability and surface tension as well as indirect and direct in vitro evaluation do not point towards cytotoxicity. Most importantly, Ti₃C₂T _x -reinforced PMCs substantially reduce friction and wear by up to 19% and 44%, respectively, which was attributed to the formation of an easy-to-shear transfer film.</p>","PeriodicalId":94066,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A","volume":" ","pages":"e37819"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142515337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Potential of Aloe Vera in Solution and in Blended Nanofibers Containing Poly (3-Hydroxybutyrate-Co-3-Hydroxyvalerate) as Substrates for Neurite Outgrowth.","authors":"María-Del-Mar Romero-Alemán, José-Manuel Pérez-Galván, José-Enrique Hernández-Rodríguez, Maximina Monzón-Mayor","doi":"10.1002/jbm.a.37825","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jbm.a.37825","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This pilot study investigated the potential of aloe vera (AV) to promote neurite outgrowth in organotypic dorsal root ganglia (DRG) explants (n = 230) from neonatal rats (n = 15). Using this in vitro model of acute axotomy, we assessed neurite outgrowth exceeding 1.5 times the explant diameter (viable explants) and measured the longest neurite length. These parameters were evaluated under control conditions and in cultures supplemented with commercial AV and four aligned scaffolds: poly-L-lactate (PLLA), polydioxanone (PDS), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), and blended PHBV/AV. After 6 days of culture, explants were immunostained using neuron-specific marker Tuj1 and Schwann cell marker S100. Measurements were obtained with Image J software and analyzed using Jamovi 2.3. In control and AV dilution media, the study revealed radial tissue growth from the explant body with randomly oriented neurites, whereas in all scaffolds, bidirectional tissue growth occurred parallel to nanofibers. Binomial logistic regression analyses indicated that viable explants were more likely in the control group compared to PDS (p = 0.0042) and PHBV (p < 0.0001), with non-significant differences when compared to AV dilution, PLLA, and PHBV/AV. AV dilution showed a greater association with viable explants than PLLA (p = 0.0459), while non-significant difference was found between AV dilution and PHBV/AV. Additionally, the PHBV/AV scaffold predicted higher odds of viable explants than PLLA (p = 0.0479), PDS (p = 0.0001), and PHBV (p < 0.0001). Groups with similar probabilities of obtaining viable explants (control, AV dilution, and PHBV/AV) exhibited non-significant differences in their longest neurite lengths. In conclusion, control, AV dilution, and PHBV/AV yielded the highest probability of developing viable explants and the longest neurite lengths. This is the first study demonstrating the direct permissiveness of AV for axonal outgrowth. Furthermore, the blended PHBV/AV scaffold showed significant potential as a suitable scaffold for axonal regrowth and Schwann cell migration, ensuring controlled tissue formation for tissue engineering applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":94066,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A","volume":" ","pages":"e37825"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142515336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polyethylene Glycol-Based Hydrogel as a 3D Extracellular Matrix Mimic for Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes.","authors":"M A Kristine Tolentino, Mir Hadi Seyedzadeh, Newton Gil Peres, Eric Yiwei Du, Lin Zhu, Katharina Gaus, Jesse Goyette, J Justin Gooding","doi":"10.1002/jbm.a.37811","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jbm.a.37811","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Three-dimensional (3D) in vitro models enable us to understand cell behavior that is a better reflection of what occurs in vivo than 2D in vitro models. As a result, developing 3D models for extracellular matrix (ECM) has been growing exponentially. Most of the efforts for these 3D models are geared toward understanding cancer cells. An intricate network of cells that engages with cancer cells and can kill them are the immune cells, particularly cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs). However, limited reports are available for 3D ECM mimics to understand CTL dynamics. Currently, we lack ECM mimetic hydrogels for immune cells, with sufficient control over variables, such as stiffness, to fully understand CTL dynamics in vitro. Here, we developed PEG-based hydrogels as ECM mimics for CTLs. The ECM mimics are targeted to mimic the stiffness of soft tissues where CTLs reside, migrate, and deliver their function. To understand cell-material interaction, we determined the porosity, biocompatibility, and stiffness of the ECM mimics. The ECM mimics have median pore sizes of 10.7 and 13.3 μm, close to the average nucleus size of CTLs (~8.6 μm), and good biocompatibility to facilitate cell migration. The stiffness of the ECM mimics corresponds to biologically relevant microenvironments such as lungs and kidneys. Using time-lapse fluorescence microscopy, 3D cell migration was imaged and measured. CTLs migrated faster in softer ECM mimic with larger pores, consistent with previous studies in collagen (the gold standard ECM mimic for CTLs). The work herein demonstrates that the PEG-based ECM mimic can serve as an in vitro tool to elucidate the cell dynamics of CTLs. Thus, this study opens possibilities to study the mechanics of CTLs in well-defined ECM mimic conditions in vitro.</p>","PeriodicalId":94066,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A","volume":" ","pages":"e37811"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142484155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glycerol-plasticized silk fibroin vascular grafts mimic key mechanical properties of native blood vessels.","authors":"Hazem Alkazemi, Jaydon Chai, Benjamin J Allardyce, Zerina Lokmic-Tomkins, Andrea J O'Connor, Daniel E Heath","doi":"10.1002/jbm.a.37802","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jbm.a.37802","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cardiovascular diseases are a major global health challenge. Blood vessel disease and dysfunction are major contributors to this healthcare burden, and the development of tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) is required, particularly for the replacement of small-diameter vessels. Silk fibroin (SF) is a widely used biomaterial for TEVG fabrication due to its high strength and biocompatibility. However, the stiffness of SF is much higher than that of native blood vessels (NBVs), which limits its application for vascular tissue engineering. In this study, SF was plasticized with glycerol to produce TEVGs exhibiting similar stiffness and ultimate tensile strength to those of NBVs. The electrospun SF/glycerol TEVGs exhibited mechanical properties comparable to NBVs and supported the in vitro proliferation of essential vascular cells-endothelial and smooth muscle cells. After 5 days of culture, the TEVGs exhibited an endothelial monolayer in the lumen, demonstrating their potential for functional vascular tissue regeneration. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of producing TEVGs from SF with tailored mechanical properties, paving the way for more functional and durable TEVGs for future clinical applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":94066,"journal":{"name":"Journal of biomedical materials research. Part A","volume":" ","pages":"e37802"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142304844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}