Journal of AOAC International最新文献

{"title":"The Prediction of Quality Markers of Notopterygium incisum Based on Mass Transfer Law and Network Pharmacology.","authors":"Meiju Guo, Shuo Li, Jiaxuan Luo, Wenxuan Bao, Qian Li","doi":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsag011","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsag011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To address medication safety concerns from depleted Notopterygium incisum Ting ex H. T. Chang (NI) resources and inconsistent quality, this study employed the quality markers (Q-Marker) concept of traditional Chinese medicine to screen potential Q-Markers via multistep compositional transfer analysis and network pharmacology.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to screen the Q-Markers of NI for treating cardiovascular diseases.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An approach integrating mass transfer analysis, network pharmacology, and HPLC fingerprinting was employed. First, HPLC fingerprints of 13 batches of NI were established. A representative batch was selected to prepare fresh medicinal materials, processed decoction pieces, and standard decoctions. Additionally, blood-absorbed components were collected, and fingerprints for all sample types were established. The transfer rates of seven index components (chlorogenic acid, nodakenin, ferulic acid, psoralen, bergapten, phenethyl ferulate, and isoimperatorin) were determined via similarity evaluation and least-squares discriminant analysis. Network pharmacology and molecular docking were further used to analyze the associations between NI's bioactive components and therapeutic targets for cardiovascular diseases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study employed an integrated approach of HPLC fingerprinting, mass transfer analysis, network pharmacology, and molecular docking. After establishing HPLC fingerprints for 13 NI batches, a representative batch was processed from fresh herbs, decoction pieces, standard decoctions, and blood-absorbed components for analysis, after which a determination was made for the transfer rates of seven index components and their associations with cardiovascular disease targets.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Chlorogenic acid, nodakenin, ferulic acid, phenethyl ferulate, and isoimperatorin are potential Q-Markers of NI for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>In this study, mass transfer analysis, network pharmacology, and HPLC fingerprinting were integrated, combined with orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) and molecular docking. Potential Q-Markers of NI for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases were identified.</p>","PeriodicalId":94064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AOAC International","volume":" ","pages":"607-618"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146151544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Iridoid Glycosides as Key Discriminators of Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) Cultivars Revealed by UHPLC-HRAM-MSn Metabolomics.","authors":"Ping Geng, Jianghao Sun, Pei Chen","doi":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsag025","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsag025","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) contains diverse hydrophilic phytochemicals, but their compositional profiles and cultivar-specific variation have not been comprehensively characterized.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study was to profile hydrophilic metabolites in cranberry cultivars and identify constituents that differentiate among cultivars.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Water-eluted fractions of Sephadex® LH-20-separated cranberry extracts from six cultivars (Crimson Queen, Demoranville, Haines, Mullica Queen, Stevens, and Welker) were analyzed using ultra-HPLC-high-resolution accurate-mass tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRAM-MSn). Metabolites were annotated based on accurate mass and MS2 fragmentation data and comparison with literature reports. Sparse partial least-squares discriminant analysis (sPLS-DA) was applied to assess classification performance and identify discriminative features.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-nine putative hydrophilic metabolites were identified, including hydroxycinnamic acid hexose derivatives, anthocyanins, hydroxycinnamoylquinic acids, and a distinct group of iridoid glycosides. Vaccinoside and several coumaroyl-substituted monotropein derivatives were structurally characterized in cranberry for the first time. sPLS-DA identified iridoid glycosides as key discriminators, with higher abundance observed in the Welker cultivar.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cranberry cultivars contain previously unreported iridoid glycosides that contribute to chemotaxonomic differentiation. These results expand current knowledge of cranberry hydrophilic phytochemistry and support the relevance of iridoid glycosides as cultivar-informative metabolites.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>This study characterizes the highly polar, water-eluted fraction of six cranberry cultivars using UHPLC-HRAM-MSn analysis, resulting in the putative identification of 39 compounds, including a prominent series of iridoid glycosides.</p>","PeriodicalId":94064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AOAC International","volume":" ","pages":"542-555"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13458945/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147597237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of the BioSystems Gluten Immunoturbidimetric Method for Determination of Gluten in Selected Food and Beverage Matrixes: AOAC Performance Tested MethodSM 072503.","authors":"Teresa Pérez, Sabina Dueñas, Mercè Boix, Andreu Tobeña","doi":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsag006","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsag006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The BioSystems Gluten is an automated quantitative method based on immunoturbidimetry for quantification of the 33-mer peptidic immunotoxic fraction of gluten in food and beverages, crucial for ensuring safety for those with gluten-related disorders like celiac disease (CD).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>An AOAC Performance Tested MethodSM validation study was performed to evaluate the BioSystems Gluten method for the quantification of gluten from wheat, barley, and rye flours across selected food and beverage commodities, including both non-processed and processed products.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Validation covered non-processed (rice flour, corn flour, wine, and sausage) and incurred matrixes (cornbread and rice cookies), spiked with wheat, barley, and rye gluten (0-30 mg/kg). Twelve test portions were analyzed for each matrix and contamination level using three different kit lots. The study evaluated linearity, bias, recovery, precision, LOD and LOQ, selectivity, and interferences, evaluated by recovering gluten in a defined gluten-free matrix group, stability studies of the kit components, and method robustness following AOAC Guidelines for Quantitative Gluten Methods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The method met AOAC performance requirements for the quantitative determination of gluten from wheat, barley, and rye across a variety of representative food commodities and spiking levels. The validated working range spans the LOQ (2.5 mg/kg) to 200 mg/kg. The method achieved satisfactory recovery rates within the established acceptance limits, showed no evidence of analytical interferences, and yielded comparable results between the method developer and an independent laboratory, supporting its robustness and reproducibility.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The validation study conclusively establishes the test kit as an automated, precise, rapid, and user-friendly method for quantifying gluten concentrations in both food and incurred matrixes derived from wheat, barley, and rye flours.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>A novel automated method is presented for gluten quantification based on spectrophotometric analysis in a Biosystems Y15 analyzer with ready-to-use and liquid reagents.</p>","PeriodicalId":94064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AOAC International","volume":" ","pages":"629-653"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13337143/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146069341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Sensitive and Broad-Spectrum Real-Time Reverse Transcription Quantitative PCR Assay for the Detection of Bovine Coronavirus.","authors":"Caixia Wang, Haoyang Yu, Bin Zhang, Zhen Yang, Yu Sun, Songyin Qiu, Haoxuan Li, Xiaofei Liu, XiangMei Lin, Chunyan Feng, Shaoqiang Wu","doi":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsag010","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsag010","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is an economically significant pathogen that causes respiratory and enteric infections in cattle and wild ruminants. Although multiple diagnostic methods are available, there is still an urgent need for a sensitive real-time reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) assay capable of detecting continuously emerging novel strains of BCoV.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to develop a sensitive and broad-spectrum RT-qPCR assay for the efficient detection of BCoV.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Following optimization and comparison of two primer-probe sets targeting the M gene, an RT-qPCR assay was established. Using Decaro's method as a reference, gradient dilutions of transcribed RNA solutions and BCoV-derived cDNA were prepared to test sensitivity, repeatability, and reproducibility. Additionally, four other bovine viruses were used to evaluate specificity. Finally, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of both assays were analyzed using 46 field samples.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A sensitive and broad-spectrum RT-qPCR assay was developed in this study. Its analytical sensitivity was 10 copies/μL with transcribed RNA as the template, comparable to that of Decaro's method. While the cDNA of an emerging Chinese viral isolate was used as the template, the analytical sensitivity was one order of magnitude higher than that of Decaro's method. Reproducibility testing revealed intra-assay coefficients of variation (CV) ranging from 1.75 to 3.56%, and inter-assay CV values between 3.13 and 4.91%. When evaluating the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity with 46 field samples, our assay exhibited higher diagnostic sensitivity compared to Decaro's method, a difference explained by two mutations within the primer and probe regions of Decaro's method.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A highly sensitive and broad-spectrum RT-qPCR assay was successfully developed for the detection of BCoV, especially for the detection of emerging novel strains.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>The RT-qPCR assay developed in this study exhibited high sensitivity, particularly in detecting BCoV field strains and newly emerging variants circulating in recent years.</p>","PeriodicalId":94064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AOAC International","volume":" ","pages":"566-575"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146222695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Comparison of Stability-Indicating HPLC and UPLC Methods for the Determination and Validation of Pantoprazole Sodium Impurities.","authors":"Aysen Kurt Cucu, Engin Ozturk","doi":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsaf107","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsaf107","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pantoprazole is a selective proton pump inhibitor used in its sodium form in pharmaceuticals. Determining its impurities is crucial for drug purity and safety.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aims to develop a faster impurity analysis method than the European Pharmacopoeia (EP) method.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An Agilent Zorbax SB Phenyl (250 × 4.6 mm, 5.0 µm) column was used for HPLC, and a Restek Ultra Biphenyl (100 × 2.1 mm, 3.0 µm) column for Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC). A potassium dihydrogen/dipotassium hydrogen phosphate buffer (pH 7.40)-acetonitrile (65 + 35, v/v) mixture was the mobile phase. Analyses were performed at 290 nm with flow rates of 1.0 mL/min (HPLC) and 0.25 mL/min (UPLC). Injection volumes were 20 µL (HPLC) and 3.5 µL (UPLC).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis times of the impurity determination methods developed are 15 min shorter for the HPLC method and 30 min shorter for the UPLC method compared to the EP method. The developed methods were validated according to International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines, demonstrating high linearity (R2 >0.99 over the concentration range of 0.03-2.27 µg/mL), accuracy with mean recoveries ranging from 95.0 to 105.0%, and precision with intra- and inter-day RSD values below 2%. Forced degradation studies under acidic, alkaline, oxidative, thermal, and photolytic conditions confirmed that the methods are stability-indicating, with the ability to separate all major degradation products of pantoprazole sodium.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The method was validated according to ICH guidelines, and forced degradation studies were also performed. This study presents optimized HPLC and UPLC methods that allow faster impurity analysis and detection of an additional non-compendial impurity, pantoprazole-N-oxide.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>As a result of shorter analysis times, a significant cost reduction has also been proven with numerical data. In addition, a performance-cost comparison of two different analytical technologies was made.</p>","PeriodicalId":94064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AOAC International","volume":" ","pages":"487-495"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145746313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of Enzytec™ Liquid D-Gluconic Acid for Enzymatic Determination of D-Gluconic Acid and Glucono-δ-Lactone in Selected Foods and Beverages: First Action 2025.05.","authors":"Markus Lacorn, Thomas Hektor","doi":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsag008","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsag008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>D-gluconic acid is found in honey, ripe fruits, and wine. In the food industry, D-gluconic acid is used as a complexing agent and acidifier in desserts, beverages, fruit, and vegetable products. D-glucono-δ-lactone is derived from gluconic acid, which hydrolyzes slowly with the release of protons. It can be used wherever slow acidification is desired.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To validate the Enzytec™ Liquid D-Gluconic acid test kit for the determination of the sum of D-gluconic and D-glucono-δ-lactone in food and beverages such as fruit juices, wine, fermented soft drinks, kombucha, and heated sausage meat.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The kit contains two ready-to-use components, which makes handling easy and suitable for automation. Gluconic acid reacts with ATP in the presence of gluconate kinase to form D-gluconate-6-phosphate and ADP followed by an indicator reaction that produces NADH, which is measured at 340 nm.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The test is specific to D-gluconic acid and shows no side activities or interferences from relevant acids at or below 6.55 g/L. SO2 does not interfere at or below 0.5 g/L. Linearity for a test volume of 100 µL is given from 6 to 1500 mg/L. For 1000 µL, the LOQ is 0.8 mg/L. Intermediate precision is between 2.73 and 7.2% for different matrixes. Mean recovery for an incurred meat sausage is 84% at 799 mg/kg and 96% for the higher level (7509 mg/kg). Spiking of the other matrixes resulted in recoveries between 96 and 103%. For automation, three applications with different test volumes were validated. Linearity is given from 2 up to 9375 mg/L.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The method is robust and accurate for manual and automated applications. The method was approved as an AOAC Official Method of AnalysisSM.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>The components of the test kit have a shelf life of at least 24 months.</p>","PeriodicalId":94064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AOAC International","volume":" ","pages":"526-541"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13337141/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146115375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Method for Detection of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances Analytes in Food and Feed: First Action 2025.06.","authors":"Manjula Sunkara, Elsie Peprah, Wendy Young, Samanta Popol, Maria Moreno Santiago, Brian Ng, Christine M Fisher, Lowri DeJager, Susan Genualdi","doi":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsag007","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsag007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The AOAC Stakeholder Panel on Strategic Food Analytical Methods approved AOAC INTERNATIONAL Standard Method Performance Requirement (SMPR®) 2023.003 for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in produce, beverages, dairy products, eggs, seafood, meat products, and feed. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) method is a single-laboratory validated (SLV) method for determination of 30 PFAS in food and feed.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>In response to a call for minimum method performance characteristics and analytical requirements, the FDA's method for detection of PFAS in food and feed was validated in a single-laboratory study with comparison to SMPR 2023.003.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Samples were extracted using a Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, Safe (QuEChERS) method followed by solid-phase extraction (SPE) cleanup and concentration using nitrogen. Analysis was performed using isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The method was validated for parameters such as LOQ, recovery, repeatability, and system suitability, and reference materials were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A full validation was conducted in European Union (EU)-regulated matrixes (eggs, shrimp, clams, salmon, chicken, and beef liver) and other matrixes (produce, milk, baby food, ground coffee, fish oil, protein powder, and corn snaplage) with satisfactory performances both in terms of recovery and reproducibility. Recovery percentages at target LOQs and two additional levels for perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) were between 80 and 120% and repeatability (RSDr) results were ≤20% for EU-regulated matrixes. For other matrixes recovery percentages were between 65 and 135% and repeatability results were ≤25%. All were within acceptable ranges as per SMPR 2023.003.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The FDA's method for detection of 30 PFAS in food and feed compares favorably with the requirements of SMPR 2023.003 and should be adopted as a First Action method.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>The FDA's single-laboratory validated method for PFAS detection in food and feed meets the requirements of SMPR 2023.003.</p>","PeriodicalId":94064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AOAC International","volume":" ","pages":"511-525"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13337144/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146115361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Method for the Accurate and Sensitive Detection of Natamycin in Blueberries by Liquid Chromatography Coupled to High-Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS).","authors":"Wiley Hall, Seiya Saito, Chang-Lin Xiao","doi":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsag005","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsag005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Natamycin is a naturally occurring antimycotic used to prevent mold in a variety of foodstuffs, mainly processed meat, cheese, and wine, and more recently certain fresh fruits.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of the present study was to develop and validate a sensitive and selective method for the quantification of natamycin residues in blueberries.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A methanolic extraction followed by solid-phase extraction cleanup and analysis by liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry validated for the analysis of natamycin residues in blueberries following the SANTE guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The method was validated at 0.025, 0.25 and 11 mg/kg with average recoveries between 86 and 105%, and precision (RSD, %) was below 15%. The detection limit for natamycin was below 0.010 mg/kg. Residues of natamycin in treated blueberries were found to range from 1 to 29 mg/kg and remained stable over 4 weeks of storage at 4°C.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The LC-HRMS analysis reported here is shown to be an accurate and sensitive method for quantifying natamycin residues in blueberries.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>A method suitable for use in the regulatory and commercial monitoring of natamycin residues in blueberries is developed and presented.</p>","PeriodicalId":94064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AOAC International","volume":" ","pages":"505-510"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146021230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Postharvest Melatonin Treatment Promotes Phenolic Compounds and Endogenous Melatonin Accumulation in Yellow-Flesh Peach (Prunus persica L.).","authors":"Chuanlong Men, Chenchen Wu, Ling Yan, Changhong Liu","doi":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsag012","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsag012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The postharvest quality of yellow-flesh peach is compromised by rapid deterioration, necessitating effective preservation strategies.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study investigated the efficacy of exogenous melatonin in enhancing the postharvest quality, phenolic compounds, and endogenous melatonin levels in yellow-flesh peaches.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Fruits were treated with 0.1 mM melatonin and stored for 28 days at 4°C and 90% relative humidity. Key quality parameters, phenolic profiles, gene expression, and enzyme activities were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Melatonin treatment significantly enhanced ascorbic acid content and elevated the levels of specific phenolic compounds, including gallic, chlorogenic, p-coumaric, and caffeic acids, as well as the flavonoids rutin and catechin. This biochemical improvement was underpinned by the upregulated expression of phenolic biosynthesis genes PpPAL, PpC4H, and Pp4CL. Concurrently, the treatment boosted the activities of key enzymes in the melatonin biosynthesis pathway, including tyrosine decarboxylase (TDC), tryptamine 5-hydroxylase (T5H), serotonin N-acetyltransferase (SNAT), and N-acetylserotonin methyltransferase (ASMT), leading to a significant accumulation of endogenous melatonin.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Postharvest melatonin application is a promising technique for preserving quality and stimulating the biosynthesis of bioactive phenolic compounds and endogenous melatonin in yellow-flesh peaches.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>Postharvest melatonin treatment improved peach fruit quality by elevating ascorbic acid and phenolic compounds, specifically enhancing four phenolic acids and two flavonoids. Mechanistic analysis revealed these improvements were driven by upregulated phenolic biosynthetic genes (PpPAL, PpC4H, Pp4CL) and concurrent activation of melatonin pathway enzymes (TDC, T5H, SNAT, ASMT), which collectively enhanced both phenolic and endogenous melatonin biosynthesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":94064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AOAC International","volume":" ","pages":"619-628"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146127914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simultaneous Determination of Five Alkaloids in Extracted and Non-Extracted Poppy Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography.","authors":"QiuPing Huang, Chao Li, Ruifeng Hao, Hua Tang, Qin Feng, Huiyue Cheng, Chen Zhu, Jianhua Wang","doi":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsaf049","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jaoacint/qsaf049","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Poppy active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are mainly used in the production of antitussives, analgesics, and other preparations. The alkaloid components play a major role, but the use of some alkaloids can cause dependence and toxic side effects in patients.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The main aim of this study was to develop an effective and simple high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for the simultaneous determination of five alkaloids in three APIs.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Waters XBridge C18 column (4.6 mm × 150 mm, 3.5 μm) was used as the chromatographic column. Mobile phase A was composed of 5.5 mmol/L sodium heptane sulfonate solution-acetonitrile-methanol-phosphoric acid (83:7:10:0.22, v/v/v/v), and Mobile phase B was composed of 5.5 mmol/L sodium heptane sulfonate solution-acetonitrile-methanol-phosphoric acid (60:15:25:0.45, v/v/v/v). The flow rate was 1.2 mL/min; the detection wavelength was 230 nm; the column temperature was 40°C.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The HPLC method was suitable for the simultaneous determination of the contents of five alkaloids in three APIs. The verification experiment showed that the linear relationship of the five alkaloids in their respective ranges was good (R2 ≥0.998). The average recoveries ranged from 87.62 to 103.18%; the RSDs of repeatabilities were 0.3-2.7%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this study, a new HPLC method was developed and successfully validated. Compared with the determination method of opium alkaloids specified in Pharmacopoeia, this HPLC method does not need a complex sample pretreatment process, improves detection efficiency, avoids the use of highly corrosive reagents, and reduces the experimental risk. It can simultaneously meet the determination of five alkaloids in three APIs.</p><p><strong>Highlights: </strong>This method can simultaneously quantify five alkaloids in three poppy APIs without a complex sample pretreatment process and the application of strong corrosive solvents. It is applied to these APIs for the first time, expanding the scope of alkaloid analysis and providing new data for comparative studies of different API sources.</p>","PeriodicalId":94064,"journal":{"name":"Journal of AOAC International","volume":" ","pages":"479-486"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144056052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}