ISA transactionsPub Date : 2025-06-04DOI: 10.1016/j.isatra.2025.06.003
Ruili Dong, Qingyuan Tan, Yonghong Tan, Xiaoli Song, Tianyu Wang
{"title":"A segmented model based internal model control scheme of electromagnetic micro-mirror systems.","authors":"Ruili Dong, Qingyuan Tan, Yonghong Tan, Xiaoli Song, Tianyu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.isatra.2025.06.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isatra.2025.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this paper, a segmented internal model control (SIMC) scheme based on the segmented combination model of the electromagnetic micro-mirror system (EMMS) is established. Notice that highly underdamped oscillation and rate-dependent hysteresis exist in the EMMS, so it is a complex nonlinear dynamic system. In order to control the deflection angle of the EMMS using the internal model control strategy, it is necessary to establish the inverse model of the EMMS. Therefore, a new model structure that is convenient for inversion is proposed in this paper to describe the characteristics of the EMMS with underdamped and rate-dependent hysteresis. In the proposed scheme, the model is a combination of a group of weighted sub-models based on the segmentation of the system's operating frequency. The weight of each segmented sub-model is not a constant but a new type of function which is also called the smoothing factor. Its function is to smooth the switching between sub-models, thereby reducing the dynamic error caused by model switching. In addition, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to determine the optimal frequency segmentation points, which helps to obtain the optimal model for describing the system characteristics. Based on the proposed segmented combination model, the corresponding segmented internal model control with two-degree-of-freedom filters is proposed, and the corresponding filters in the internal model control are designed based on the small gain theorem. Finally, the proposed control strategy is applied to the control of the deflection angle of the electromagnetic micro-mirror to verify the proposed control method. Moreover, the non-smooth internal model control strategy is also used for comparison in the experiments.</p>","PeriodicalId":94059,"journal":{"name":"ISA transactions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144277143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ISA transactionsPub Date : 2025-06-03DOI: 10.1016/j.isatra.2025.05.051
Rangoli Singh, Sandip Ghosh, Devender Singh
{"title":"Polytopic inclusion-based model predictive control for quasi-LPV systems using vertex system models and gain scheduling.","authors":"Rangoli Singh, Sandip Ghosh, Devender Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.isatra.2025.05.051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isatra.2025.05.051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper proposes a Model Predictive Control (MPC) strategy for a class of Quasi-Linear Parameter-Varying (quasi-LPV) systems characterized by a measurable time-varying parameter. The core of the proposed quasi-LPV-MPC controller lies in the utilization of a polytopic representation along with a gain-scheduled controller. A terminal cost that depends explicitly on the scheduling parameter is used. However, for the implementation, a complementary cost function is used to frame the optimization problem at each vertex level so that the requirement of updating the varying parameters over the prediction horizon is relaxed. Though the resulting suboptimal controller involves more computational burden, the proposed method demonstrates improvement in control performance over traditional MPC schemes. Experimental validation on a cascaded coupled tank system underscores the practical efficacy of the proposed quasi-LPV-MPC controller, while simulation studies on a twin rotor multi-input multi-output system serve as an additional demonstration example case. Comparative performance evaluations against both linear and nonlinear MPCs clearly illustrate that the quasi-LPV-MPC offers better control precision, adaptability, and the overall system responsiveness, thus positioning it as an effective solution for quasi-LPV systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":94059,"journal":{"name":"ISA transactions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144295549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ISA transactionsPub Date : 2025-05-31DOI: 10.1016/j.isatra.2025.05.046
Muhammad Majid Gulzar
{"title":"Frequency handling by reinforcement of predictive 2DoF-MPC and state observer LADRC for smart power system.","authors":"Muhammad Majid Gulzar","doi":"10.1016/j.isatra.2025.05.046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isatra.2025.05.046","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The preservation of stability is essential for the efficient and reliable functioning of the electrical transmission system. Frequency oscillations are prevalent in interconnected power systems (IPS) and may lead to instability; therefore, it is crucial to monitor and examine them meticulously. Effective frequency management is essential for regulating frequency output in an interconnected smart power system (ISPS) that includes renewable energy sources (RESs), redox flow batteries (RFBs) and static synchronous series compensators (SSSCs). In view of the challenge presented, this research introduces an efficient control architecture that utilizes a 2 degree of freedom-based model predictive controller (2DoF-MPC) to enhance system performance. Additionally, it integrates a linear active disturbance rejection control (LADRC) to employ a state observer alongside the evolving frequency management. The convergence of the predictive and state observer frameworks results in a robust 2DoF-MPC-LADRC to manage frequency disturbances and uncertainties in the power system. The suggested technique is thoroughly validated across several parameters for ISPS, instilling confidence in its capacity to attain minimal frequency variation in multiple scenarios. The performance of the proposed controller design shows that the frequency performance in area 1 and area 2 settles in 5.085 sec and 3.965 sec, when the load changes by 3 %, and it settles in 4.655 sec and 4.050 sec, respectively, when the load changes by 5 %.</p>","PeriodicalId":94059,"journal":{"name":"ISA transactions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144251590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Distributed formation control for port-Hamiltonian multi-agent systems by average state estimation.","authors":"Jingyi Zhao, Yongxin Wu, Yuqian Guo, Zhu Li, Yuhu Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.isatra.2025.05.039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isatra.2025.05.039","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, propelled by the rapid development of information technology and the Internet, the formation control of multi-agent systems has gradually emerged as a research hotspot. This paper focuses on the formation control problem of multi-agent mechanical systems with port-Hamiltonian (PH) dynamics. Firstly, the formation problem is converted into an optimization problem whose solution meets the formation requirements. Subsequently, in order to guide the closed-loop system to converge to the solution of this optimization problem, we propose two distributed controllers. The first controller is designed for multi-agent systems where the formation output is defined by position. Notably, this controller preserves the PH structure in the closed-loop, which simplifies the selection of candidate Lyapunov functions for proving the asymptotic convergence of the system to the desired formation. To characterize the minimum convergence rate of the closed-loop system, the second controller is proposed. Based on this controller, the exponential stability and the minimum convergence rate of the closed-loop system are provided. Additionally, these controllers only require agents to exchange estimations of the average state with their neighbors, thereby protecting the privacy of their state and value function information. Finally, the effectiveness of these controllers is verified through an application case on nonholonomic wheeled robots.</p>","PeriodicalId":94059,"journal":{"name":"ISA transactions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144251588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ISA transactionsPub Date : 2025-05-30DOI: 10.1016/j.isatra.2025.05.042
Sina Soltani
{"title":"Introducing an improved control method for instrument air unit based on fuzzy and iterative learning control.","authors":"Sina Soltani","doi":"10.1016/j.isatra.2025.05.042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isatra.2025.05.042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An instrument air unit is a critical component in industrial processes, providing compressed air to operate instrumentation devices and control various factory operations. It comprises air compressors, filters, dryers, and other equipment, serving as an indispensable element of any industrial setup. However, the instrument air unit exhibits a complex, time-varying system behavior, with delayed and erratic characteristics. This instability and broad range of fluctuations often lead to disturbances in control processes, potentially disrupting production operations. To address these challenges, stability, time management, and precise pressure control of the instrument air unit are vital for maintaining efficiency in industrial applications. In this study, we propose and implement an innovative pressure, timing, and drying control structure that leverages Iterative Learning Control (ILC) combined with fuzzy logic techniques. The primary goal is to achieve stable and accurate pressure regulation, optimized timing sequencing, and compliance with Instrument Air Standards (ISA) to enhance system performance and reliability. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, demonstrating improved control precision and quality assurance in real-world industrial applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":94059,"journal":{"name":"ISA transactions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144217949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ISA transactionsPub Date : 2025-05-30DOI: 10.1016/j.isatra.2025.05.041
Chenyang Bian, Zhipeng Zhang, Leihao Du, Zengqiang Chen
{"title":"Optimal state-flipped control and learning for synchronization of probabilistic Boolean networks.","authors":"Chenyang Bian, Zhipeng Zhang, Leihao Du, Zengqiang Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.isatra.2025.05.041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isatra.2025.05.041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper studies the synchronization with probability 1 in Probabilistic Boolean Networks (PBNs) by combining optimal state-flipped control and Q-learning. Within the framework of the Semi-Tensor Product (STP), the synchronization problem is transformed into a set stabilization problem, and the verification criteria are proposed to achieve synchronization. To improve computational efficiency, a reachable set criterion based on state-flipping is introduced, leading to the development of an algorithm for identifying optimal flipping sequences. For large-scale PBNs, a two-step Q-learning-based optimization strategy is proposed: the first step generates the Q-table, and the second step enumerates all optimal state-flipping sequences that reach the synchronization set, thus reducing the computational complexity of the synchronization problem for large-scale PBNs. Finally, numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":94059,"journal":{"name":"ISA transactions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144236293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ISA transactionsPub Date : 2025-05-29DOI: 10.1016/j.isatra.2025.05.036
Van Trong Dang, Xuan Bo Nguyen, Thi Dieu Trinh Tran, Duc Thinh Le, Tung Lam Nguyen
{"title":"Finite-time velocity sensorless integral sliding mode control for roll-to-roll systems under matched disturbances.","authors":"Van Trong Dang, Xuan Bo Nguyen, Thi Dieu Trinh Tran, Duc Thinh Le, Tung Lam Nguyen","doi":"10.1016/j.isatra.2025.05.036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isatra.2025.05.036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Roll-to-Roll (R2R) systems operating in complex manufacturing industries encounter challenges from inherent system factors like model uncertainty or external interference. These factors directly lead to a significant reduction in productivity and output quality of the system, thereby causing great economic losses. In response to the growing demand for consistently high performance in industrial R2R processing, we propose a finite-time integral terminal sliding mode control integrated with a finite-time extended state observer. The proposed controller achieves consistently high tracking performance of transport speed and material surface tension of the system owing to the integral terminal sliding mode control method. Meanwhile, the extended state observer is integrated with three component observers to address the dual estimation task for velocity-based dynamic models of unwinder roll, active guide roll, and rewinder roll, encompassing both velocity states and disturbances/uncertainties. In this manner, observational errors under the estimation error dynamic models are proved to be ultimately uniformly bounded by the Lyapunov theory. Furthermore, the control framework, including an integral sliding controller and an observer, is also demonstrated through the Lyapunov stability theory. Comparisons with other nonlinear controllers are conducted and discussed to validate the efficiency of our proposal.</p>","PeriodicalId":94059,"journal":{"name":"ISA transactions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144251589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Geometrically-informed sequential Monte Carlo method for dynamic swarm tracking.","authors":"Tharani Rajapaksha, Amirali Khodadadian Gostar, Reza Hoseinnezhad","doi":"10.1016/j.isatra.2025.05.034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isatra.2025.05.034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper introduces a novel approach for dynamic tracking of swarms of autonomous moving agents (such as UAVs) by leveraging the inherent geometric properties of swarm formations. The method treats the entire swarm as a single target, streamlining the tracking process. The state of the swarm is characterized by the location and velocity of its center, as well as the orientation and geometric parameters of the swarm, which are estimated using the sequential Monte Carlo method. One significant aspect of this paper is the formulation of the likelihood function, which incorporates the geometric information of the swarm and is tolerant of the high rate of false alarms, significantly enhancing the robustness of the filter against common sensor-based challenges in swarm tracking. Likelihood functions are proposed for different swarm formation patterns. Our proposed method is also capable of addressing scenarios where the swarm undergoes multiple time-varying formation patterns. The performance of the proposed methods has been numerically tested. The results indicate that the proposed methods accurately estimate swarm movement, formation, and shape in situations with time-varying formation patterns, even in the presence of high false alarms and missed detections, better than the conventional particle filter.</p>","PeriodicalId":94059,"journal":{"name":"ISA transactions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144228070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ISA transactionsPub Date : 2025-05-27DOI: 10.1016/j.isatra.2025.05.026
Youqing Wang, Wenjing Hou, Li Liang
{"title":"Prescribed performance optimal fault-tolerant control for nonlinear systems with mismatched disturbances via zero-sum differential game.","authors":"Youqing Wang, Wenjing Hou, Li Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.isatra.2025.05.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isatra.2025.05.026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study explores optimal fault-tolerant control with prescribed performance for nonlinear systems affected by mismatched disturbances employing a game-theoretic approach. In the proposed framework, actuator faults and mismatched disturbances are considered together as one player in the game, while the control input acts as the opponent, which adds complexity and interest to the control design. To address this, an innovative fault-tolerant tracking control method is developed by constructing a novel error transformation, adopting a modified performance index with a barrier-type cost, and applying an online critic neural network (NN) algorithm to solve for the Nash equilibrium in the zero-sum differential game. Theoretical analysis confirms that the proposed method ensures system state tracking errors converge to a predetermined precision within a fixed time frame. Furthermore, all closed-loop signals remain uniformly ultimately bounded, validating the control scheme's optimal performance. Finally, simulation results validate the proposed method's efficacy and feasibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":94059,"journal":{"name":"ISA transactions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144228071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ISA transactionsPub Date : 2025-05-27DOI: 10.1016/j.isatra.2025.05.024
Yunjie Wu, Xuman An, Yueyang Hua, Guofei Li, Bohao Li
{"title":"Prescribed-time cooperative guidance law with seeker-less followers against multiple targets.","authors":"Yunjie Wu, Xuman An, Yueyang Hua, Guofei Li, Bohao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.isatra.2025.05.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isatra.2025.05.024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this paper, a grouped prescribed-time cooperative guidance law (GPCGL) is proposed for multiple vehicles to attack multiple targets without collision, where one leader and seeker-less followers are involved in each subgroup. A distributed guidance law is presented for leaders to achieve separated time attack on their respective targets, while the guidance law for followers consists of two parts: tangential direction and normal direction in the follower-to-leader line-of-sight (LOS) frame. For the former, a proportional consensus guidance law is proposed based on an auxiliary control term to guarantee both the intra-subgroup cooperation and distance-based collision avoidance simultaneously; for the latter, a dynamic LOS angle constrained guidance law is applied to achieve direction-based collision avoidance. The proposed GPCGL is proved to be prescribed-time convergent, where the states can converge within the prescribed time. Simulations are carried out to verify the effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":94059,"journal":{"name":"ISA transactions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144201247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}