ISA transactionsPub Date : 2025-05-17DOI: 10.1016/j.isatra.2025.04.034
R F Escobar-Jiménez, V M Salinas-Cortés, L F De Olarte-Delgado, G Besançon, L Torres
{"title":"Sensor fault detection and isolation based on nonlinear adaptive observers: A new approach for dealing with false alarms under partial faults.","authors":"R F Escobar-Jiménez, V M Salinas-Cortés, L F De Olarte-Delgado, G Besançon, L Torres","doi":"10.1016/j.isatra.2025.04.034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isatra.2025.04.034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper introduces a fault detection and isolation (FDI) system to diagnose faults in the sensors of an internal combustion engine (ICE). The FDI system relies on two nonlinear adaptive observers (NAOs) to execute analytical redundancy between the actual measurements and estimations. Two mathematical structures are proposed for developing the NAOs, which are used to construct a bank of observers. Such a bank produces estimations of the ratio between experimental and theoretical air-fuel ratios (lambda λ), temperature, and pressure, which are continuously compared with the sensors' measurements, ensuring an uninterrupted diagnosis of the ICE sensors, even in case of total or partial fault. A threshold mechanism is incorporated into the FDI system, which is based on the variance analysis of residuals and the Euclidean norm of a sliding window vector to reduce false alarms during the partial faults diagnosis. The results of numerical tests with experimental data demonstrate the system's ability to accurately detect multiple and simultaneous sensor faults while preventing false alarms.</p>","PeriodicalId":94059,"journal":{"name":"ISA transactions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144121669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ISA transactionsPub Date : 2025-05-16DOI: 10.1016/j.isatra.2025.05.018
Zhongyang Ming, Huaguang Zhang, Jiayue Sun
{"title":"Self-triggered load frequency control using T-S fuzzy ADP method for unknown power systems.","authors":"Zhongyang Ming, Huaguang Zhang, Jiayue Sun","doi":"10.1016/j.isatra.2025.05.018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isatra.2025.05.018","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Frequency oscillations in interconnected power systems result from the inherent randomness of renewable energy production and fluctuating power load demands. Load frequency control (LFC) has thus emerged as a primary challenge for maintaining power system stability and security due to the synchronization requirements of the entire power grid. This paper proposes a novel approach for LFC in multi-area power systems using a self-triggered control-based adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) framework integrated with fuzzy logic systems (FLSs). First, an H<sub>∞</sub> distributed controller is developed based on the multi-agent system (MAS) model to mitigate the effects of parameter uncertainties and load disturbances. Additionally, with the increased deployment of phase measurement units and smart meters, real-time system measurements are expected to rise significantly. This trend underscores the importance of event-triggered control (ETC) in optimizing the use of communication resources. However, general-purpose devices often lack the dedicated hardware necessary to verify triggering rules. To address this limitation, we propose a novel self-triggered control (STC) mechanism. This STC calculates the control law based on the current state to determine the next state measurement, thereby eliminating the need for continuous plant monitoring. Simulation results on a multi-area system demonstrate that the proposed adaptive approach performs effectively in frequency regulation under conditions of load disturbance and parameter uncertainty.</p>","PeriodicalId":94059,"journal":{"name":"ISA transactions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144164358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ISA transactionsPub Date : 2025-05-15DOI: 10.1016/j.isatra.2025.05.020
Xun Gu, Bin Xian, Mohan Liu, Aochen Ma
{"title":"CNN based precise nonlinear tracking control for a nano unmanned helicopter: Theory and implementation.","authors":"Xun Gu, Bin Xian, Mohan Liu, Aochen Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.isatra.2025.05.020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isatra.2025.05.020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper proposes a deep convolutional neural network (CNN)-based geometric integral control strategy for a nano unmanned helicopter, which weighs less than 70 g and has a fuselage length of less than 0.25 m. Compared to existing nonlinear controllers, the proposed method offers significant advantages in terms of feasibility, easy tuning of parameters, and data requirements. The deep CNN-based system identification effectively captures the complex dynamics of the nano helicopter, enabling accurate modeling and compensation for uncertainties. The geometric integral control strategy enhances the system's robustness against unknown external disturbances, and ensures stable and precise flight performance. The feasibility of the proposed method is demonstrated through real-time flight experiments, which show strong robustness and accurate trajectory tracking performance. Additionally, the tuning process is simplified due to the adaption nature of the deep learning-based approach, reducing the need for extensive parameter adjustments. The data requirements are also minimized, as the deep CNN can be trained with a relatively small dataset, making the method more practical for real-world applications. The results indicate that the proposed method outperforms traditional control strategies, particularly in terms of handling modeling uncertainties and external disturbances.</p>","PeriodicalId":94059,"journal":{"name":"ISA transactions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144113139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ISA transactionsPub Date : 2025-05-14DOI: 10.1016/j.isatra.2025.05.015
Jixing Lv, Changhong Wang, Yonggui Kao
{"title":"Distributed extended state observer design for strict-feedback nonlinear leader system.","authors":"Jixing Lv, Changhong Wang, Yonggui Kao","doi":"10.1016/j.isatra.2025.05.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isatra.2025.05.015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Knowing the leader's state and dynamics is crucial for leader-following control. This article addresses the distributed state/uncertainty estimation problem for a strict-feedback nonlinear leader system under directed communication topologies. The leader is characterized by Hölder-growing nonlinearities and matched uncertainty. A prescribed-time distributed estimation scheme composed of two distributed extended state observers (DESOs) is proposed. Each follower (observer node) receives only one-dimensional output estimates from its neighbors and at most one-dimensional output from the leader system, effectively reducing the communication load. First, a prescribed-time DESO (PTDESO) is proposed so that each follower can reconstruct the leader's state and uncertainty at a time tightly prescribed by a single parameter, uniform to the initial conditions. Then, a high-gain DESO (HGDESO) is constructed, which achieves asymptotic convergence and maintains the observation errors in a small neighborhood of the origin after the prescribed time. Sufficient conditions for guaranteeing the convergence of the two DESOs are established. Ultimately, practical examples involving multiple manipulators and marine surface vehicles are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed observers.</p>","PeriodicalId":94059,"journal":{"name":"ISA transactions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144121668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adaptive event-triggered dissipative filtering for interval type-2 fuzzy semi-Markov jump systems with quantization and sensor failures.","authors":"Ramasamy Kavikumar, Oh-Min Kwon, Yue Hu, Rathinasamy Sakthivel","doi":"10.1016/j.isatra.2025.05.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isatra.2025.05.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this work, the problem of affine parameter-based dissipative filtering is studied for interval type-2 fuzzy semi-Markov jump systems with consideration of quantization and sensor failures. In order to conserve the network resources, an adaptive event-triggered approach with network transmission delay is established between the sensor and filter for the decision to release sampled-data. By employing an affine parameter-based membership function, the conservativeness of the filtering model has been relaxed. In contrast to recent results, this approach effectively reduces the communication burden and enhances flexibility in managing sensor failures and disturbances. With the help of the Lyapunov stability theory, a new type of dissipative filtering approach is developed by constructing an asymmetric Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional and using recent integral inequalities in the main results. In particular, the stochastic stabilization criteria are obtained to achieve the weighting matrix and filtering parameters simultaneously by using the linear matrix inequality approach. Two numerical examples, including a tunnel diode circuit, are given to illustrate the merits of the developed approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":94059,"journal":{"name":"ISA transactions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144082913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Adaptive event-triggered tracking control for strict-feedback nonlinear ODE cascaded n+1 coupled hyperbolic PDE systems.","authors":"Yu Xiao, Xiaodong Xu, Biao Luo, Chunhua Yang, Weihua Gui","doi":"10.1016/j.isatra.2025.05.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isatra.2025.05.019","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper considers the adaptive event-triggered tracking control for n+1 coupled hyperbolic partial differential equation (PDE) cascaded with an uncertain nonlinear ordinary differential equation (ODE) in strict-feedback form. Such an ODE-PDE system arises in many applications such as crane systems with heavy rope and payload. Essentially different from the systems in most of the related literatures, we mainly consider that: (1) the event-triggered tracking control for the cascaded system rather than time-triggered stabilization control, (2) the control input only appears at one end of the ODE rather than directly at the boundary point of the PDE system, (3) the ODE possesses high-order nonlinear and uncertain dynamics rather than linear and deterministic ones. Due to the cascaded system structure and the presence of uncertainty and nonlinearity in the ODE, the input-to-state stable property which is important for the event-triggered control (ETC) is difficult to check. Additionally, how to solve the boundary event-triggered tracking problem for the system remains an open question so far. To this end, by combining the geometric design method, infinite- and finite-dimensional backstepping techniques, an adaptive tracking controller is first constructed. Further, a dynamic event-triggered mechanism is proposed to reduce the actuation frequency. Theoretical proof is rigorously given to show the asymptotic convergence of the tracking error of the PDE controlled output, and the existence of a minimal dwell-time. Finally, a numerical simulation consisting of a crane system in an experimental setting is presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.</p>","PeriodicalId":94059,"journal":{"name":"ISA transactions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144121923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ISA transactionsPub Date : 2025-05-14DOI: 10.1016/j.isatra.2025.04.036
Qin-Shuo Duan, Ze Tang, Dong Ding
{"title":"Distributed adaptive optimal secondary control for AC islanded microgrid under multiple event-triggered mechanisms.","authors":"Qin-Shuo Duan, Ze Tang, Dong Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.isatra.2025.04.036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isatra.2025.04.036","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper mainly proposes a novel distributed secondary event-triggering control strategy for AC islanded microgrid, which not only achieves the consistency of frequency and voltage but also considers the proportional sharing of active power. Compared to the traditional fixed periodic communication, the proposed multiple event-triggered strategy only conducts a sparse communication among distributed generators (DGs). For accelerating the convergence speed and saving the control costs efficiently, a time-varying adaptive updating law for frequency and voltage is proposed. Furthermore, it is confirmed that there is no Zeno behavior. Combined with Lyapunov stability theory, the control strategy is proven to be capable for driving the stability and consistency of microgrid. Finally, three numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of control mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":94059,"journal":{"name":"ISA transactions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144096593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ISA transactionsPub Date : 2025-05-13DOI: 10.1016/j.isatra.2025.04.032
Tongxiang Li, Xi Wen, Jing Zhou, Shuwang Du, Bo Chen
{"title":"Voltage control for DC microgrid under DoS attacks: A security predictive control approach.","authors":"Tongxiang Li, Xi Wen, Jing Zhou, Shuwang Du, Bo Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.isatra.2025.04.032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isatra.2025.04.032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>DC microgrids are vulnerable to increasing cyber-security threats as communication technologies evolve. DoS attacks can destroy system access, thereby altering control signals and system dynamics. Although strategies such as zero-input or hold-input have been proposed to mitigate the effects of DoS attacks, these methods are not effective in ensuring immediate update of system control inputs, which has an impact on the overall system performance. To address this challenge, this study proposes a secure predictive control approach for DC microgrid voltage control under two-channel asynchronous DoS attacks. For the two-channel asynchronous DoS attacks, a security transmission scheme that fully utilizes the non-attack time period is designed to achieve timely update of control inputs. Furthermore, by constructing an improved secure controller based on prediction theory and active compensation mechanism, this study effectively compensates the packet loss caused by asynchronous attacks. By combining the secure transmission scheme and the improved secure predictive controller, this study ensures the asymptotic stability of DC microgrids under asynchronous DoS attacks. To verify the effectiveness and performance of the proposed method, this study conducts a series of simulations.</p>","PeriodicalId":94059,"journal":{"name":"ISA transactions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144087118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Three-dimensional robust prescribed-time cooperative guidance for leader-follower strategy based on state observer: Simultaneous attack with impact angle control.","authors":"Sayed Bagher Fazeliasl, Seyyed Sajjad Moosapour, Saleh Mobayen","doi":"10.1016/j.isatra.2025.05.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isatra.2025.05.016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper proposes a robust Prescribed-Time Cooperative Guidance (PTCG) method for leader-follower interceptors, enabling simultaneous attacks on maneuvering targets in Three-Dimensional (3D) space while satisfying impact angle constraint. Existing methods, such as fixed-time and finite-time approaches, due to their dependence on control parameters, are unable to arbitrarily predefine the convergence time and estimate the system states at a desired time. This limitation reduces their flexibility for application in complex operational scenarios, such as simultaneous attacks on maneuvering targets with specific constraints. To address this limitation, a robust Prescribed-Time Consensus Control (PTCC) is first designed for nominal nonlinear Multi-Agent Systems. Subsequently, a Prescribed-Time State Observer (PTSO) is introduced to derive leader states. Finally, after modeling the relative motion equations within the Line-Of-Sight (LOS) framework, using the proposed PTSO and PTCC approaches, and advanced Sliding Mode Control (SMC), robust guidance laws are presented in the LOS direction and perpendicular to it. These laws ensure that leader and followers simultaneously attack the maneuvering target at the prescribed-time with desired impact angles. Comparative simulations and experimental results validate the efficiency and effectiveness of the designed guidance laws.</p>","PeriodicalId":94059,"journal":{"name":"ISA transactions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144145218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ISA transactionsPub Date : 2025-05-11DOI: 10.1016/j.isatra.2025.05.013
Zhaoji Wang, Shouzhao Sheng
{"title":"Finite time disturbance observer-based adaptive composite control for disturbed unmanned helicopter.","authors":"Zhaoji Wang, Shouzhao Sheng","doi":"10.1016/j.isatra.2025.05.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isatra.2025.05.013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this paper, a composite control scheme integrating finite time disturbance observer (FTDO) and adaptive control is presented to solve the trajectory tracking issues of unmanned helicopters with matched and mismatched disturbances. Firstly, an FTDO is employed to accurately estimate the disturbance information within finite time, thereby mitigating the impact of lumped disturbances on the helicopter system and enhancing the anti-disturbance capability of the control scheme. Subsequently, the disturbance compensation term is incorporated into the controller, and a data-driven adaptive proportional-derivative (APD) controller is designed to track the desired signals of yaw angle and position. The introduction of the adaptive mechanism enables real-time parameter adjustment based on system data, effectively eliminating parameter deviations, improving control accuracy, and enhancing the adaptability of controller in complex environments. In addition, the disturbance estimation error is embedded into the closed-loop stability analysis, and the system stability is rigorously demonstrated using Lyapunov theory. Finally, simulation experiments compare the proposed method with improved active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) and FTDO-based continuous terminal sliding mode control (CTSMC). The results demonstrate that the proposed scheme achieves strong robustness and high control accuracy even in the presence of both matched and mismatched disturbances.</p>","PeriodicalId":94059,"journal":{"name":"ISA transactions","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144082942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}