International review of neurobiology最新文献_第6页

Psychedelics and substance use disorder treatment. 致幻剂和物质使用障碍治疗。

International review of neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-21 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2025.03.005

Caitlin M DuPont, Matthew W Johnson

{"title":"Psychedelics and substance use disorder treatment.","authors":"Caitlin M DuPont, Matthew W Johnson","doi":"10.1016/bs.irn.2025.03.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.irn.2025.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"The current chapter presents the literature evaluating the effects of classic psychedelic treatments on five substance use disorders: alcohol, tobacco, opioid, stimulant, and cannabis. Most work on psychedelics and substance use disorders was conducted for alcohol use disorder. A range of classic psychedelics (LSD, psilocybin, and ayahuasca) appear to be beneficial for facilitating both reduced drinking and abstinence. Small clinical trials have also shown promising initial results for both tobacco and opioid use disorders. In contrast, no trials have yet been conducted for stimulant and cannabis use disorders. Furthermore, the majority of studies described are naturalistic observational studies or correlational survey data. However, if such observational studies reflect causal therapeutic potential, these studies, combined with clinical trials, suggest potential broad transdiagnostic efficacy of psychedelics across multiple addictive drugs. The transdiagnostic effects of psychedelics are likely due to a combination of biological and psychological factors. Biologically, psychedelics appear to ameliorate deficits in brain areas involved in reward and emotional processing, which may reduce the risk of relapse. Psychologically, the insights gained during a psychedelic experience may reinforce personal motivations for sobriety and support subsequent behavior change. Overall, more work is needed to better characterize the potential benefits and limitations of psychedelic treatment for substance use disorders.","PeriodicalId":94058,"journal":{"name":"International review of neurobiology","volume":"181 ","pages":"305-327"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144337324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Future perspectives on myasthenia gravis and related disorders. 重症肌无力及其相关疾病的未来展望。

International review of neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-09 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2025.04.016

Carolina Barnett Tapia, Anna Rostedt Punga

{"title":"Future perspectives on myasthenia gravis and related disorders.","authors":"Carolina Barnett Tapia, Anna Rostedt Punga","doi":"10.1016/bs.irn.2025.04.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.irn.2025.04.016","url":null,"abstract":"The diagnostic precision of MG, along with the emergence of novel treatments targeting the autoimmune response, has ushered the field into a new era, moving MG management closer to personalized medicine. However, critical gaps remain, including the absence of approved treatments for seronegative MG, limited attention to Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome and congenital myasthenic syndromes, and the need for more precise biomarkers. Current clinical trials primarily rely on outcomes that measure symptoms and/or muscle weakness/fatigability; however, there is a need for biomarkers that better reflect disease activity, enable early diagnosis in seronegative MG, and identify the underlying antibodies in these patients. Predictive biomarkers are also needed to assess the risk of generalization from ocular MG and the likelihood of relapses. Furthermore, despite their efficacy, novel treatments such as complement and FcRn inhibitors are costly and inaccessible in many countries. Future MG research must, therefore, prioritize socioeconomic considerations alongside therapeutic advancements. Also, a better understanding of the fatigue in MG, with differences in men and women, is essential to better design treatment over time.","PeriodicalId":94058,"journal":{"name":"International review of neurobiology","volume":"183 ","pages":"191-197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145310366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Diagnosis of MG and differential diagnoses. MG的诊断与鉴别诊断。

International review of neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-27 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2025.04.034

Ali A Habib, Anna Rostedt Punga

{"title":"Diagnosis of MG and differential diagnoses.","authors":"Ali A Habib, Anna Rostedt Punga","doi":"10.1016/bs.irn.2025.04.034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.irn.2025.04.034","url":null,"abstract":"The diagnostic workup for myasthenia gravis extends beyond the objective evaluation of skeletal muscle fatigue during neurological examinations. It incorporates antibody testing, electrophysiological studies to confirm neuromuscular transmission impairment, and chest imaging to detect thymoma. Positive clinical response to acetylcholinesterase inhibitors may also support diagnosis. Key clinical assessments focus on symptoms of skeletal muscle fatigability, particularly in ocular, bulbar, and limb-girdle muscles. While the ice-pack test is commonly used to assess ptosis, the global availability of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for testing remains limited. Radioimmunoassay is the most sensitive diagnostic method for MG-specific antibodies, such as AChR and MuSK, followed by cell-based assays that utilize clustered receptors. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is another option, though with reduced specificity. Electrophysiological evaluation begins with repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) to detect postsynaptic transmission failure, with single-fiber electromyography (SFEMG) employed in cases where RNS results are inconclusive. All patients with MG, regardless of subtype, should undergo chest imaging (CT or MRI) to screen for thymoma. Differential diagnoses to consider include congenital myasthenic syndromes, cranial nerve disorders such as Horner syndrome or third nerve palsy, autoimmune demyelinating polyneuropathy, mitochondrial myopathy, and motor neuron disorders.","PeriodicalId":94058,"journal":{"name":"International review of neurobiology","volume":"183 ","pages":"21-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145310397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Congenital myasthenic syndromes. 先天性肌无力综合征。

International review of neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-16 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2025.04.025

Sally Spendiff, Hanns Lochmüller, Ricardo A Maselli

引用次数: 0

Lambert Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome. 兰伯特-伊顿肌无力综合症。

International review of neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-28 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2025.04.027

Shadi El-Wahsh, Stephen Reddel

{"title":"Lambert Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome.","authors":"Shadi El-Wahsh, Stephen Reddel","doi":"10.1016/bs.irn.2025.04.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.irn.2025.04.027","url":null,"abstract":"Lambert Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome (LEMS) is a pre-synaptic neuromuscular junction disorder characterised clinically by leg-predominant proximal weakness with spread of weakness distally and cranially with increasing severity as well as reduced reflexes and autonomic symptoms such as a dry mouth. Typical electrophysiological findings include small compound muscle action potentials at rest that augment following short exercise, decrement at low frequency (2-5 Hz) repetitive nerve stimulation, and increment at high frequency (20-50 Hz) repetitive nerve stimulation. Immunologically, antibodies to voltage gated calcium channels are present in the majority of patients. LEMS is associated with small cell lung cancer (SCLC), or rarely other tumours, in approximately 50 % of cases, for which patients should be carefully screened. The synaptic physiology of LEMS demonstrates a reduction in the probability of pre-synaptic acetylcholine vesicle release. This results in a reduced number (reduced quantal content) of miniature endplate potentials such that the post-synaptic summative endplate potential is insufficient to trigger myofiber contraction, manifesting as weakness. The clinical electrophysiological findings reflect normal rate-dependent changes at a neuromuscular junction, in the context of a reduction in quantal release. Treatment of LEMS comprises symptomatic treatments such as 3,4 diaminopyridine (amifampridine), which increases quantal release; immunotherapy; and treatment of underlying malignancy if present. The life expectancy of non-tumour LEMS is normal, although complete remission is uncommon. Progression of SCLC determines prognosis in tumour-associated LEMS, which is nonetheless better than in SCLC without LEMS.","PeriodicalId":94058,"journal":{"name":"International review of neurobiology","volume":"182 ","pages":"227-251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144661426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cognitive and affective models of psychedelics in rodents. 啮齿动物致幻剂的认知和情感模型。

International review of neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-10 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2025.02.002

Dasha Anderson, Emma S J Robinson

{"title":"Cognitive and affective models of psychedelics in rodents.","authors":"Dasha Anderson, Emma S J Robinson","doi":"10.1016/bs.irn.2025.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.irn.2025.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, public and academic interest into psychedelics has increased, given the clinical evidence of their potential benefits for treating psychiatric conditions such as major depressive disorder (MDD). While this has been accompanied by several landmark human studies, mechanistic studies in rodents are still relatively few, but such studies are crucial for understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of the therapeutic effects of psychedelics. However, findings from rodent studies will only be of benefit to patients if they achieve translational validity. In this chapter, we will critically appraise rodent assays traditionally used to study cognition and affect, summarising existing findings with psychedelics. We will also highlight novel, translationally valid assays that have already been used or could be used in the future to study these drugs. We argue that the adoption of translational assays is critical for the interpretation of animal studies of psychedelic effects on cognition and affect. We also discuss how these studies have the potential to help unravel the mechanisms which contribute to their therapeutic effects but only if they involve relevant doses.","PeriodicalId":94058,"journal":{"name":"International review of neurobiology","volume":"181 ","pages":"77-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144337315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Introduction: Approved treatments for alcohol use disorder by regulatory agencies. 简介：监管机构批准的酒精使用障碍治疗方法。

International review of neurobiology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2024.07.001

Rosana Camarini, Fábio Cardoso Cruz

引用次数: 0

Mesenchymal stem cells as a promising therapy for alcohol use disorder. 间充质干细胞是一种治疗酒精使用障碍的有效方法。

International review of neurobiology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2024.07.002

Javiera Gallardo, Pablo Berríos-Cárcamo, Fernando Ezquer

引用次数: 0

Preface. 序言

International review of neurobiology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0074-7742(24)00138-7

Rosana Camarini, Fábio C Cruz

引用次数: 0

Insight gained from using animal models to study pain in Parkinson's disease. 从使用动物模型研究帕金森病疼痛中获得的启示。

International review of neurobiology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-04 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2023.08.013

Yazead Buhidma, Joana Lama, Susan Duty

引用次数: 0