International review of neurobiology最新文献_第5页

Psychedelics and substance use disorder treatment. 致幻剂和物质使用障碍治疗。

International review of neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-21 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2025.03.005

Caitlin M DuPont, Matthew W Johnson

{"title":"Psychedelics and substance use disorder treatment.","authors":"Caitlin M DuPont, Matthew W Johnson","doi":"10.1016/bs.irn.2025.03.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.irn.2025.03.005","url":null,"abstract":"The current chapter presents the literature evaluating the effects of classic psychedelic treatments on five substance use disorders: alcohol, tobacco, opioid, stimulant, and cannabis. Most work on psychedelics and substance use disorders was conducted for alcohol use disorder. A range of classic psychedelics (LSD, psilocybin, and ayahuasca) appear to be beneficial for facilitating both reduced drinking and abstinence. Small clinical trials have also shown promising initial results for both tobacco and opioid use disorders. In contrast, no trials have yet been conducted for stimulant and cannabis use disorders. Furthermore, the majority of studies described are naturalistic observational studies or correlational survey data. However, if such observational studies reflect causal therapeutic potential, these studies, combined with clinical trials, suggest potential broad transdiagnostic efficacy of psychedelics across multiple addictive drugs. The transdiagnostic effects of psychedelics are likely due to a combination of biological and psychological factors. Biologically, psychedelics appear to ameliorate deficits in brain areas involved in reward and emotional processing, which may reduce the risk of relapse. Psychologically, the insights gained during a psychedelic experience may reinforce personal motivations for sobriety and support subsequent behavior change. Overall, more work is needed to better characterize the potential benefits and limitations of psychedelic treatment for substance use disorders.","PeriodicalId":94058,"journal":{"name":"International review of neurobiology","volume":"181 ","pages":"305-327"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144337324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Congenital myasthenic syndromes. 先天性肌无力综合征。

International review of neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-16 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2025.04.025

Sally Spendiff, Hanns Lochmüller, Ricardo A Maselli

引用次数: 0

Lambert Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome. 兰伯特-伊顿肌无力综合症。

International review of neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-28 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2025.04.027

Shadi El-Wahsh, Stephen Reddel

{"title":"Lambert Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome.","authors":"Shadi El-Wahsh, Stephen Reddel","doi":"10.1016/bs.irn.2025.04.027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.irn.2025.04.027","url":null,"abstract":"Lambert Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome (LEMS) is a pre-synaptic neuromuscular junction disorder characterised clinically by leg-predominant proximal weakness with spread of weakness distally and cranially with increasing severity as well as reduced reflexes and autonomic symptoms such as a dry mouth. Typical electrophysiological findings include small compound muscle action potentials at rest that augment following short exercise, decrement at low frequency (2-5 Hz) repetitive nerve stimulation, and increment at high frequency (20-50 Hz) repetitive nerve stimulation. Immunologically, antibodies to voltage gated calcium channels are present in the majority of patients. LEMS is associated with small cell lung cancer (SCLC), or rarely other tumours, in approximately 50 % of cases, for which patients should be carefully screened. The synaptic physiology of LEMS demonstrates a reduction in the probability of pre-synaptic acetylcholine vesicle release. This results in a reduced number (reduced quantal content) of miniature endplate potentials such that the post-synaptic summative endplate potential is insufficient to trigger myofiber contraction, manifesting as weakness. The clinical electrophysiological findings reflect normal rate-dependent changes at a neuromuscular junction, in the context of a reduction in quantal release. Treatment of LEMS comprises symptomatic treatments such as 3,4 diaminopyridine (amifampridine), which increases quantal release; immunotherapy; and treatment of underlying malignancy if present. The life expectancy of non-tumour LEMS is normal, although complete remission is uncommon. Progression of SCLC determines prognosis in tumour-associated LEMS, which is nonetheless better than in SCLC without LEMS.","PeriodicalId":94058,"journal":{"name":"International review of neurobiology","volume":"182 ","pages":"227-251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144661426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cognitive and affective models of psychedelics in rodents. 啮齿动物致幻剂的认知和情感模型。

International review of neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-03-10 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2025.02.002

Dasha Anderson, Emma S J Robinson

{"title":"Cognitive and affective models of psychedelics in rodents.","authors":"Dasha Anderson, Emma S J Robinson","doi":"10.1016/bs.irn.2025.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.irn.2025.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, public and academic interest into psychedelics has increased, given the clinical evidence of their potential benefits for treating psychiatric conditions such as major depressive disorder (MDD). While this has been accompanied by several landmark human studies, mechanistic studies in rodents are still relatively few, but such studies are crucial for understanding the neurobiological underpinnings of the therapeutic effects of psychedelics. However, findings from rodent studies will only be of benefit to patients if they achieve translational validity. In this chapter, we will critically appraise rodent assays traditionally used to study cognition and affect, summarising existing findings with psychedelics. We will also highlight novel, translationally valid assays that have already been used or could be used in the future to study these drugs. We argue that the adoption of translational assays is critical for the interpretation of animal studies of psychedelic effects on cognition and affect. We also discuss how these studies have the potential to help unravel the mechanisms which contribute to their therapeutic effects but only if they involve relevant doses.","PeriodicalId":94058,"journal":{"name":"International review of neurobiology","volume":"181 ","pages":"77-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144337315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Introduction: Approved treatments for alcohol use disorder by regulatory agencies. 简介：监管机构批准的酒精使用障碍治疗方法。

International review of neurobiology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2024.07.001

Rosana Camarini, Fábio Cardoso Cruz

引用次数: 0

Mesenchymal stem cells as a promising therapy for alcohol use disorder. 间充质干细胞是一种治疗酒精使用障碍的有效方法。

International review of neurobiology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2024.07.002

Javiera Gallardo, Pablo Berríos-Cárcamo, Fernando Ezquer

引用次数: 0

Preface. 序言

International review of neurobiology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1016/S0074-7742(24)00138-7

Rosana Camarini, Fábio C Cruz

引用次数: 0

Insight gained from using animal models to study pain in Parkinson's disease. 从使用动物模型研究帕金森病疼痛中获得的启示。

International review of neurobiology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-04 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2023.08.013

Yazead Buhidma, Joana Lama, Susan Duty

引用次数: 0

Contribution of neurophysiology to the diagnosis and monitoring of ALS. 神经生理学对 ALS 诊断和监测的贡献。

International review of neurobiology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-04-27 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2024.04.001

Steve Vucic, Mamede de Carvalho, James Bashford, James J P Alix

引用次数: 0

Non-coding genome contribution to ALS. 非编码基因组对渐冻症的影响

International review of neurobiology Pub Date : 2024-01-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-19 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2024.04.002

Tobias Moll, Calum Harvey, Elham Alhathli, Sarah Gornall, David O'Brien, Johnathan Cooper-Knock

{"title":"Non-coding genome contribution to ALS.","authors":"Tobias Moll, Calum Harvey, Elham Alhathli, Sarah Gornall, David O'Brien, Johnathan Cooper-Knock","doi":"10.1016/bs.irn.2024.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.irn.2024.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"The majority of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is caused by a complex gene-environment interaction. Despite high estimates of heritability, the genetic basis of disease in the majority of ALS patients are unknown. This limits the development of targeted genetic therapies which require an understanding of patient-specific genetic drivers. There is good evidence that the majority of these missing genetic risk factors are likely to be found within the non-coding genome. However, a major challenge in the discovery of non-coding risk variants is determining which variants are functional in which specific CNS cell type. We summarise current discoveries of ALS-associated genetic drivers within the non-coding genome and we make the case that improved cell-specific annotation of genomic function is required to advance this field, particularly via single-cell epigenetic profiling and spatial transcriptomics. We highlight the example of TBK1 where an apparent paradox exists between pathogenic coding variants which cause loss of protein function, and protective non-coding variants which cause reduced gene expression; the paradox is resolved when it is understood that the non-coding variants are acting primarily via change in gene expression within microglia, and the effect of coding variants is most prominent in neurons. We propose that cell-specific functional annotation of ALS-associated genetic variants will accelerate discovery of the genetic architecture underpinning disease in the vast majority of patients.","PeriodicalId":94058,"journal":{"name":"International review of neurobiology","volume":"176 ","pages":"75-86"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141159333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0