International review of neurobiology最新文献

Maternal exposure to rubella infection elevates risk of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). 母体暴露于风疹感染会增加先天性风疹综合征（CRS）的风险。

International review of neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-16 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2025.04.008

Sasikumar Pitchaikani, Pothiaraj Govindan, Harshavardhan Shakila

引用次数: 0

The role of secondary genomes in neurodevelopment and co-evolutionary dynamics. 次级基因组在神经发育和协同进化动力学中的作用。

International review of neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-05 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2025.03.008

Siddharth Singh, Vaishali Saini, Hem Chandra Jha

{"title":"The role of secondary genomes in neurodevelopment and co-evolutionary dynamics.","authors":"Siddharth Singh, Vaishali Saini, Hem Chandra Jha","doi":"10.1016/bs.irn.2025.03.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.irn.2025.03.008","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines how human biology and microbial \"secondary genomes\" have co-evolved to shape neurodevelopment through the gut-brain axis. Microbial communities generate metabolites that cross blood-brain and placental barriers, influencing synaptogenesis, immune responses, and neural circuit formation. Simultaneously, Human Accelerated Regions (HARs) and Endogenous Retroviruses (ERVs) modulate gene expression and immune pathways, determining which microbes thrive in the gut and impacting brain maturation. These factors converge to form a dynamic host-microbe dialogue with significant consequences for neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD), including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and schizophrenia. Building on evolutionary perspectives, the chapter elucidates how genetic and immune mechanisms orchestrate beneficial and pathological host-microbe interactions in early brain development. It then explores therapeutic strategies, such as probiotics, prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and CRISPR-driven microbial engineering, targeting gut dysbiosis to mitigate or prevent neurodevelopmental dysfunctions. Furthermore, innovative organ-on-chip models reveal mechanistic insights under physiologically relevant conditions, offering a translational bridge between in vitro experiments and clinical applications. As the field continues to evolve, this work underscores the translational potential of manipulating the microbiome to optimize neurological outcomes. It enriches our understanding of the intricate evolutionary interplay between host genomes and the microbial world.","PeriodicalId":94058,"journal":{"name":"International review of neurobiology","volume":"180 ","pages":"245-297"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144145172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis - a monophonic illness. 急性播散性脑脊髓炎-一种单音疾病。

International review of neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-16 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2025.04.004

Nitin Kumar Singh, Varsha Gupta, Siddhartha Kumar Mishra

{"title":"Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis - a monophonic illness.","authors":"Nitin Kumar Singh, Varsha Gupta, Siddhartha Kumar Mishra","doi":"10.1016/bs.irn.2025.04.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/bs.irn.2025.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an autoimmune condition frequently caused by infections or immunisation activities and is characterised by inflammation and demyelination in the central nervous system (CNS). It primarily affects the brain and spinal cord, typically triggered by an immune response, and most often occurs in children but can also affect adults. The condition usually presents with a rapid onset of neurological symptoms and is considered a monophasic illness, meaning it generally occurs as a single episode. Its attack leads to inflammation and demyelination, impairing nerve signal transmission. Although the exact mechanism is not fully understood, molecular mimicry is thought to play a role, wherein an infection induces an immune response that mistakenly targets CNS antigens resembling the infectious agent. Despite improvements in knowledge and therapies, ADEM is still difficult to diagnose and treat. This chapter covers ADEM's diagnosis, etiology, prognosis, and clinical aspects. It emphasises the interactions between the immune system and the CNS, the individualised treatment plans, and the role of neuroimaging and cerebrospinal fluid investigations in diagnosis. Promising immunomodulatory medications and customised medicine strategies are being developed to enhance patient outcomes, even if corticosteroids are still the primary therapy.","PeriodicalId":94058,"journal":{"name":"International review of neurobiology","volume":"180 ","pages":"473-499"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144145229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of psychedelics on human oscillatory brain activity. 致幻剂对人类振荡脑活动的影响。

International review of neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-21 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2025.04.012

Kate Godfrey, Lisa X Luan, Christopher Timmermann

{"title":"Effects of psychedelics on human oscillatory brain activity.","authors":"Kate Godfrey, Lisa X Luan, Christopher Timmermann","doi":"10.1016/bs.irn.2025.04.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.irn.2025.04.012","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter reviews the effects of classic psychedelics on human oscillatory brain activity, as measured by resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG). Across moderate to high doses of LSD, psilocybin, ayahuasca, and DMT, a consistent reduction in alpha power (8-13 Hz) emerges, particularly in occipital regions. Below 30 Hz, desynchronization is typical, although DMT can preserve or even increase delta/theta activity, possibly reflecting its immersive, immersive visual phenomenology. Complementing these spectral findings, measures of signal diversity (e.g., Lempel-Ziv complexity) reliably increase during psychedelic states, indicating a more variable and unpredictable pattern of neural firing. Retrospective subjective ratings of the psychedelic experience often fail to align consistently with M/EEG changes, possibly because fleeting, key experiences are obscured by data averaging or recording short segments of a long experience. In contrast, real-time evaluations of subjective intensity and plasma levels robustly covary with changes in spectral power and complexity, highlighting the potential for objective, real-time EEG biomarkers of drug activity. Limited research on functional connectivity and cortical travelling waves suggest that directed, top-down control may decrease while bottom-up signaling increases, indicating a transient reversal of typical hierarchical organization, though replications are warrented. Future work should implement more unified methodological approaches, alongside high-resolution behavioral sampling, to further our understanding of how these altered brain dynamics give rise to the distinctive qualities of the psychedelic experience. Notably, EEG has yet to be evaluated in clinical studies, and future work should aim to explore the relationship between acute EEG changes and clinical responses to psychedelic therapy.","PeriodicalId":94058,"journal":{"name":"International review of neurobiology","volume":"181 ","pages":"171-202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144337316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Post-traumatic stress disorder in psychedelic research. 致幻剂研究中的创伤后应激障碍。

International review of neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-12 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2025.02.004

Tijmen Bostoen, Stephan Tap, Joost Breeksema, Robert Schoevers

{"title":"Post-traumatic stress disorder in psychedelic research.","authors":"Tijmen Bostoen, Stephan Tap, Joost Breeksema, Robert Schoevers","doi":"10.1016/bs.irn.2025.02.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.irn.2025.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a severe psychiatric condition that develops after exposure to trauma such as combat, natural disasters, or assault. It is characterized by re-experiencing trauma, avoidance, hyperarousal, and negative alterations in cognition and mood. Since its formal inclusion in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-III in 1980, PTSD has been extensively researched. Current guideline-recommended treatments include trauma-focused psychotherapies and medications. However, a significant proportion of patients show limited response to these treatments. Psychedelic-assisted therapies, particularly 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted therapy, offer an innovative approach for treating PTSD. Over the past two decades, MDMA-assisted therapy has emerged as one of the most promising psychedelic treatments, especially for patients resistant to conventional therapies. MDMA can enhance the processing of traumatic memories during psychotherapy and holds potential for other psychiatric disorders. Recent clinical trials highlight the effectiveness of MDMA-assisted therapy, demonstrating substantial and sustained reductions in PTSD symptoms. The FDA has designated MDMA-assisted therapy as a \"breakthrough therapy\" for PTSD in 2017. However, due to methodological concerns such as unblinding and potential expectancy effects, the FDA decided in 2024 not to approve MDMA- assisted therapy for clinical use, requiring additional research to address these issues. This chapter explores the clinical research on psychedelic-assisted therapies for PTSD, with a particular focus on MDMA-assisted therapy. It will examine the potential psychological and neurobiological mechanisms of action, as well as the methodological challenges and future directions in the field. The growing body of evidence supporting MDMA-assisted therapy for PTSD is promising, especially for individuals who have not responded to traditional treatments.","PeriodicalId":94058,"journal":{"name":"International review of neurobiology","volume":"181 ","pages":"329-355"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144337321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Microbiome-based dietary supplements for better development and healthy brain. 以微生物群为基础的膳食补充剂有助于更好的发育和健康的大脑。

International review of neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-16 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2025.03.009

Riddhi Upadhyay, Sugumar Mani, Murugan Sevanan

{"title":"Microbiome-based dietary supplements for better development and healthy brain.","authors":"Riddhi Upadhyay, Sugumar Mani, Murugan Sevanan","doi":"10.1016/bs.irn.2025.03.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.irn.2025.03.009","url":null,"abstract":"Microbiome-based dietary supplements have gained attention for their role in enhancing brain development and cognitive health. The gut microbiome influences neurological functions through the gut-brain axis, impacting neurotransmitter production, immune regulation, and metabolic pathways. Dysbiosis is linked to neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and autism spectrum disorders. This chapter explores dietary interventions targeting the microbiome, emphasising probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics. Additionally, AI and machine learning are transforming microbiome research by enabling personalised supplementation strategies tailored to individual gut profiles. Ethical challenges, including data privacy and algorithmic bias, are also discussed. Advances in big data analytics and predictive modelling are paving the way for precision-targeted interventions to optimise brain health. While microbiome-based therapies hold great promise, further clinical validation and regulatory frameworks are needed to ensure their efficacy and accessibility. This chapter highlights the future potential of microbiome-targeted strategies in neuroprotection and cognitive well-being.","PeriodicalId":94058,"journal":{"name":"International review of neurobiology","volume":"180 ","pages":"329-368"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144144412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Retrospective link of altered mental status and cryptococcal meningitis. 精神状态改变与隐球菌性脑膜炎的回顾性联系。

International review of neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-16 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2025.04.003

Punithkumar Naraganahalli Krishnaraj, Chandavi Venkatesh, Dhanu Anneyplar Shivakumar, Nagalambika Prasad, Guru Kumar Dugganaboyana, Kumar Jajur Ramanna

{"title":"Retrospective link of altered mental status and cryptococcal meningitis.","authors":"Punithkumar Naraganahalli Krishnaraj, Chandavi Venkatesh, Dhanu Anneyplar Shivakumar, Nagalambika Prasad, Guru Kumar Dugganaboyana, Kumar Jajur Ramanna","doi":"10.1016/bs.irn.2025.04.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.irn.2025.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is a severe central nervous system infection primarily affecting immunocompromised patients, significantly contributing to global morbidity and mortality. This chapter explores the link between altered mental status (AMS) and CM, focusing on pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical correlations. Cryptococcus neoformans invades the central nervous system, evading immune defenses and causing increased intracranial pressure, inflammation, and neuronal damage. AMS, a frequent early symptom in CM, signals neurological involvement and disease severity, ranging from subtle cognitive issues to severe deficits. Retrospective studies highlight AMS as a prognostic marker, often associated with worse outcomes. Diagnostic challenges are discussed, emphasizing early recognition for timely intervention. Advances in artificial intelligence and machine learning are proposed to enhance diagnostic accuracy, prognosis, and management of CM. The chapter also covers antifungal therapies and supportive interventions to mitigate AMS-related complications. Future research directions include AI-driven diagnostics and novel treatments to improve outcomes in CM and its neurological manifestations.","PeriodicalId":94058,"journal":{"name":"International review of neurobiology","volume":"180 ","pages":"435-472"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144145086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The protective effect of DMT against neurodegeneration. DMT对神经退行性变的保护作用。

International review of neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-11 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2025.04.010

Ede Frecska, Attila Kovács, Attila Szabo

{"title":"The protective effect of DMT against neurodegeneration.","authors":"Ede Frecska, Attila Kovács, Attila Szabo","doi":"10.1016/bs.irn.2025.04.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.irn.2025.04.010","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the therapeutic potential of DMT in neuroprotective strategies, particularly concerning ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and neurodegenerative disorders. Besides its potent serotonin receptor actions, DMT is also an endogenous agonist of the sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R). Sigma receptors are a unique family of proteins with high expression in the brain and spinal cord and have been involved in the etiology, symptom course and treatment of several central nervous system disorders. Our previous theoretical and experimental work strongly suggest that targeting sigma (and serotonin) receptors via DMT may be particularly useful for treatment in a number of neurological conditions like stroke, global brain ischemia, Alzheimer's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In this article, we briefly overview the function of Sig1-R in cellular bioenergetics with a focus on the processes involved in IRI and summarize the results of our previous preclinical (in vitro and in vivo) DMT studies aiming at mitigating IRI and related cellular neuropathologies. We conclude that the effect of DMT may involve a universal role in cellular protective mechanisms suggesting therapeutic potentials against different components and types of IRIs emerging in local and generalized brain ischemia after stroke or cardiac arrest. The multiple neuroprotective mechanisms facilitated by DMT may position it as a model molecule for developing pharmacological treatments for neurodegenerative disorders.","PeriodicalId":94058,"journal":{"name":"International review of neurobiology","volume":"181 ","pages":"395-420"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144337377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Intestinal dysbiosis leads to the reduction in neurochemical production in Parkinson's disease (PD). 肠道生态失调导致帕金森病（PD）神经化学物质产生减少。

International review of neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-12 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2025.03.004

Rahul Kumar, Rahul Kumar

{"title":"Intestinal dysbiosis leads to the reduction in neurochemical production in Parkinson's disease (PD).","authors":"Rahul Kumar, Rahul Kumar","doi":"10.1016/bs.irn.2025.03.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.irn.2025.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms, with emerging research suggesting a critical link between intestinal dysbiosis and PD progression. This review explores the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying PD, such as alpha-synuclein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress, while focusing on the impact of gut dysbiosis on intestinal barrier function and its role in reduced neurochemical production. The clinical features of PD, including dopamine, serotonin, and GABA deficiencies, are examined, with a focus on how dysbiosis contributes to neurotransmitter depletion. Current treatments of PD, such as levodopa and dopamine agonists, are discussed alongside gut health therapies such as probiotics, prebiotics, and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT). Future therapeutic directions, including synbiotics, engineered microbes, phage therapy, and the integration of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI), are explored. The chapter also considers preventive strategies, such as lifestyle adjustments and early gut health monitoring using modern diagnostic tools and biosensors. Furthermore, a strong need for continued research into the gut-brain axis (GBA) to develop more effective, gut-targeted therapies for managing PD is discussed.","PeriodicalId":94058,"journal":{"name":"International review of neurobiology","volume":"180 ","pages":"25-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144145234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Potential therapeutic effects of psychedelics in small doses: Is there a role for microdosing in psychiatry? 小剂量致幻剂的潜在治疗效果：微剂量在精神病学中有作用吗？

International review of neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-02 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2025.03.002

Iva Totomanova, Eline C H M Haijen, Petra P M Hurks, Johannes G Ramaekers, Kim P C Kuypers

{"title":"Potential therapeutic effects of psychedelics in small doses: Is there a role for microdosing in psychiatry?","authors":"Iva Totomanova, Eline C H M Haijen, Petra P M Hurks, Johannes G Ramaekers, Kim P C Kuypers","doi":"10.1016/bs.irn.2025.03.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.irn.2025.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical trials using full doses of psychedelics have provided preliminary evidence supporting their safety and efficacy in treating a variety of physical and psychological conditions. Anecdotal reports indicate that even very small amounts of these substances may provide therapeutic benefits, though robust clinical studies are still needed. This chapter reviews the current experimental studies in humans using psychedelics in small doses to better understand their therapeutic potential. Research in both neurotypical individuals (n = 18 studies) and patients (n = 3) suggests that small doses of LSD and psilocybin produce subtle, acute, effects on neural connectivity, brain electrophysiology, blood pressure, sleep duration, pain perception, temporal processing, and mood; and show reductions in symptoms of depression and obsessive-compulsive behavior in patient samples. The chapter also discusses the influence of extra-pharmacological factors, such as the baseline subjective state, expectations, and individual differences in drug metabolism, on treatment outcomes. Overall, controlled microdosing studies suggest the potential therapeutic applications of small psychedelic doses, warranting further exploration through large-scale trials in clinical populations.","PeriodicalId":94058,"journal":{"name":"International review of neurobiology","volume":"181 ","pages":"231-268"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144337322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0