International review of neurobiology最新文献

Maternal exposure to rubella infection elevates risk of congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). 母体暴露于风疹感染会增加先天性风疹综合征（CRS）的风险。

International review of neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-16 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2025.04.008

Sasikumar Pitchaikani, Pothiaraj Govindan, Harshavardhan Shakila

引用次数: 0

The role of secondary genomes in neurodevelopment and co-evolutionary dynamics. 次级基因组在神经发育和协同进化动力学中的作用。

International review of neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-05 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2025.03.008

Siddharth Singh, Vaishali Saini, Hem Chandra Jha

{"title":"The role of secondary genomes in neurodevelopment and co-evolutionary dynamics.","authors":"Siddharth Singh, Vaishali Saini, Hem Chandra Jha","doi":"10.1016/bs.irn.2025.03.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.irn.2025.03.008","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines how human biology and microbial \"secondary genomes\" have co-evolved to shape neurodevelopment through the gut-brain axis. Microbial communities generate metabolites that cross blood-brain and placental barriers, influencing synaptogenesis, immune responses, and neural circuit formation. Simultaneously, Human Accelerated Regions (HARs) and Endogenous Retroviruses (ERVs) modulate gene expression and immune pathways, determining which microbes thrive in the gut and impacting brain maturation. These factors converge to form a dynamic host-microbe dialogue with significant consequences for neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD), including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and schizophrenia. Building on evolutionary perspectives, the chapter elucidates how genetic and immune mechanisms orchestrate beneficial and pathological host-microbe interactions in early brain development. It then explores therapeutic strategies, such as probiotics, prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and CRISPR-driven microbial engineering, targeting gut dysbiosis to mitigate or prevent neurodevelopmental dysfunctions. Furthermore, innovative organ-on-chip models reveal mechanistic insights under physiologically relevant conditions, offering a translational bridge between in vitro experiments and clinical applications. As the field continues to evolve, this work underscores the translational potential of manipulating the microbiome to optimize neurological outcomes. It enriches our understanding of the intricate evolutionary interplay between host genomes and the microbial world.","PeriodicalId":94058,"journal":{"name":"International review of neurobiology","volume":"180 ","pages":"245-297"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144145172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis - a monophonic illness. 急性播散性脑脊髓炎-一种单音疾病。

International review of neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-16 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2025.04.004

Nitin Kumar Singh, Varsha Gupta, Siddhartha Kumar Mishra

{"title":"Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis - a monophonic illness.","authors":"Nitin Kumar Singh, Varsha Gupta, Siddhartha Kumar Mishra","doi":"10.1016/bs.irn.2025.04.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.irn.2025.04.004","url":null,"abstract":"Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (ADEM) is an autoimmune condition frequently caused by infections or immunisation activities and is characterised by inflammation and demyelination in the central nervous system (CNS). It primarily affects the brain and spinal cord, typically triggered by an immune response, and most often occurs in children but can also affect adults. The condition usually presents with a rapid onset of neurological symptoms and is considered a monophasic illness, meaning it generally occurs as a single episode. Its attack leads to inflammation and demyelination, impairing nerve signal transmission. Although the exact mechanism is not fully understood, molecular mimicry is thought to play a role, wherein an infection induces an immune response that mistakenly targets CNS antigens resembling the infectious agent. Despite improvements in knowledge and therapies, ADEM is still difficult to diagnose and treat. This chapter covers ADEM's diagnosis, etiology, prognosis, and clinical aspects. It emphasises the interactions between the immune system and the CNS, the individualised treatment plans, and the role of neuroimaging and cerebrospinal fluid investigations in diagnosis. Promising immunomodulatory medications and customised medicine strategies are being developed to enhance patient outcomes, even if corticosteroids are still the primary therapy.","PeriodicalId":94058,"journal":{"name":"International review of neurobiology","volume":"180 ","pages":"473-499"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144145229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Microbiome-based dietary supplements for better development and healthy brain. 以微生物群为基础的膳食补充剂有助于更好的发育和健康的大脑。

International review of neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-16 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2025.03.009

Riddhi Upadhyay, Sugumar Mani, Murugan Sevanan

{"title":"Microbiome-based dietary supplements for better development and healthy brain.","authors":"Riddhi Upadhyay, Sugumar Mani, Murugan Sevanan","doi":"10.1016/bs.irn.2025.03.009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.irn.2025.03.009","url":null,"abstract":"Microbiome-based dietary supplements have gained attention for their role in enhancing brain development and cognitive health. The gut microbiome influences neurological functions through the gut-brain axis, impacting neurotransmitter production, immune regulation, and metabolic pathways. Dysbiosis is linked to neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and autism spectrum disorders. This chapter explores dietary interventions targeting the microbiome, emphasising probiotics, prebiotics, and postbiotics. Additionally, AI and machine learning are transforming microbiome research by enabling personalised supplementation strategies tailored to individual gut profiles. Ethical challenges, including data privacy and algorithmic bias, are also discussed. Advances in big data analytics and predictive modelling are paving the way for precision-targeted interventions to optimise brain health. While microbiome-based therapies hold great promise, further clinical validation and regulatory frameworks are needed to ensure their efficacy and accessibility. This chapter highlights the future potential of microbiome-targeted strategies in neuroprotection and cognitive well-being.","PeriodicalId":94058,"journal":{"name":"International review of neurobiology","volume":"180 ","pages":"329-368"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144144412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Retrospective link of altered mental status and cryptococcal meningitis. 精神状态改变与隐球菌性脑膜炎的回顾性联系。

International review of neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-16 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2025.04.003

Punithkumar Naraganahalli Krishnaraj, Chandavi Venkatesh, Dhanu Anneyplar Shivakumar, Nagalambika Prasad, Guru Kumar Dugganaboyana, Kumar Jajur Ramanna

{"title":"Retrospective link of altered mental status and cryptococcal meningitis.","authors":"Punithkumar Naraganahalli Krishnaraj, Chandavi Venkatesh, Dhanu Anneyplar Shivakumar, Nagalambika Prasad, Guru Kumar Dugganaboyana, Kumar Jajur Ramanna","doi":"10.1016/bs.irn.2025.04.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.irn.2025.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is a severe central nervous system infection primarily affecting immunocompromised patients, significantly contributing to global morbidity and mortality. This chapter explores the link between altered mental status (AMS) and CM, focusing on pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical correlations. Cryptococcus neoformans invades the central nervous system, evading immune defenses and causing increased intracranial pressure, inflammation, and neuronal damage. AMS, a frequent early symptom in CM, signals neurological involvement and disease severity, ranging from subtle cognitive issues to severe deficits. Retrospective studies highlight AMS as a prognostic marker, often associated with worse outcomes. Diagnostic challenges are discussed, emphasizing early recognition for timely intervention. Advances in artificial intelligence and machine learning are proposed to enhance diagnostic accuracy, prognosis, and management of CM. The chapter also covers antifungal therapies and supportive interventions to mitigate AMS-related complications. Future research directions include AI-driven diagnostics and novel treatments to improve outcomes in CM and its neurological manifestations.","PeriodicalId":94058,"journal":{"name":"International review of neurobiology","volume":"180 ","pages":"435-472"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144145086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Intestinal dysbiosis leads to the reduction in neurochemical production in Parkinson's disease (PD). 肠道生态失调导致帕金森病（PD）神经化学物质产生减少。

International review of neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-12 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2025.03.004

Rahul Kumar, Rahul Kumar

{"title":"Intestinal dysbiosis leads to the reduction in neurochemical production in Parkinson's disease (PD).","authors":"Rahul Kumar, Rahul Kumar","doi":"10.1016/bs.irn.2025.03.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.irn.2025.03.004","url":null,"abstract":"Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms, with emerging research suggesting a critical link between intestinal dysbiosis and PD progression. This review explores the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying PD, such as alpha-synuclein aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress, while focusing on the impact of gut dysbiosis on intestinal barrier function and its role in reduced neurochemical production. The clinical features of PD, including dopamine, serotonin, and GABA deficiencies, are examined, with a focus on how dysbiosis contributes to neurotransmitter depletion. Current treatments of PD, such as levodopa and dopamine agonists, are discussed alongside gut health therapies such as probiotics, prebiotics, and Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT). Future therapeutic directions, including synbiotics, engineered microbes, phage therapy, and the integration of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI), are explored. The chapter also considers preventive strategies, such as lifestyle adjustments and early gut health monitoring using modern diagnostic tools and biosensors. Furthermore, a strong need for continued research into the gut-brain axis (GBA) to develop more effective, gut-targeted therapies for managing PD is discussed.","PeriodicalId":94058,"journal":{"name":"International review of neurobiology","volume":"180 ","pages":"25-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144145234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Viral agents in neuromuscular pathology. 神经肌肉病理学中的病毒因子。

International review of neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-05 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2025.04.007

Abhay Kumar Singh, Yemgadda Goutham Sudhan, Ramakrisha Ramakrishna, Siva Sundara Kumar Durairajan

{"title":"Viral agents in neuromuscular pathology.","authors":"Abhay Kumar Singh, Yemgadda Goutham Sudhan, Ramakrisha Ramakrishna, Siva Sundara Kumar Durairajan","doi":"10.1016/bs.irn.2025.04.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.irn.2025.04.007","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, viral infections have been increasingly identified as major players in neuromuscular pathologies. This chapter presents an overview of the evidence and future directions for virus-induced neuromuscular disorders. Information is integrated on the global burden of these diseases related to epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, and preventive strategies was integrated. Responsible viruses include enteroviruses, flaviviruses, herpesviruses, and emerging pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2. It represents a broad spectrum of neuromuscular disorders, including Guillain-Barré syndrome, viral myositis, and critical illness neuropathy/myopathy. The book chapter discusses different diagnostic approaches, therapy strategies, and rehabilitation methods, in addition to early intervention and preventive measures. This has led to new insights into novel therapies, unmet research needs, and future perspectives on viral neuromuscular disorders. This chapter demonstrates that supporting both clinical care and patient management with clinical research entails a profound understanding of the difficult interactions between the viruses concerned and the neuromuscular system.","PeriodicalId":94058,"journal":{"name":"International review of neurobiology","volume":"180 ","pages":"397-434"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144145204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Bacterial meningitis is a significant catalyst for neuroinflammation. 细菌性脑膜炎是神经炎症的重要催化剂。

International review of neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-15 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2025.03.010

Sudharsan Parthasarathy, Siva Vijayakumar Tharumasivam, Ashajyothi Chavaan, Bupesh Giridharan, Archana Sundaram

{"title":"Bacterial meningitis is a significant catalyst for neuroinflammation.","authors":"Sudharsan Parthasarathy, Siva Vijayakumar Tharumasivam, Ashajyothi Chavaan, Bupesh Giridharan, Archana Sundaram","doi":"10.1016/bs.irn.2025.03.010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.irn.2025.03.010","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial meningitis is a severe infection that can lead to neuroinflammation, posing risks to the central nervous system (CNS). This inflammation, if uncontrolled, can cause long-term neurological damage, cognitive decline, and neuron injury. Management strategies include telemedicine and remote monitoring, enabling continuous observation and timely adjustments in treatment. Early detection through biosensor technology is vital, offering healthcare providers insights for proactive intervention before critical issues arise. Nutritional support, particularly hydration, is also emphasized to strengthen immune response and potentially delay disease progression. The chapter highlights the transformative potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning in disease management, from prognostic assessments to creating personalized treatment plans. By integrating AI-driven insights with advanced monitoring and preventive approaches, healthcare providers can mitigate the impact of bacterial meningitis, enhancing patient outcomes and recovery potential.","PeriodicalId":94058,"journal":{"name":"International review of neurobiology","volume":"180 ","pages":"369-396"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144145231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Disruption in the human microbiome causing behavioural changes in bipolar disorder. 人类微生物群的破坏导致双相情感障碍的行为改变。

International review of neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-15 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2025.04.001

Subramani Srinivasan

引用次数: 0

Altered microbiome influence on the enteric neuromuscular system in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). 肌萎缩性侧索硬化症（ALS）患者肠道神经肌肉系统微生物组改变的影响。

International review of neurobiology Pub Date : 2025-01-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-16 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2025.04.006

Sadari Manusha, N Varsha, R Varshini, Yuvaraj Sivamani, Kiran Sree Pokkuluri, Sumitha Elayaperumal

引用次数: 0