International journal of radiation biology最新文献

{"title":"Radiation-induced priming: enhancing the nutritional, medicinal, and antioxidant properties of sesame sprouts.","authors":"Abdulaziz Saad A Alshabibi, Sultan Fahad Alhujaili, Feras Alafer, Emad A Alsherif, Abeer S Aloufi, Shereen Magdy Korany, Hiba Shaghaleh, Yousef Alhaj Hamoud, Nadia H Mohamed, Samy Selim","doi":"10.1080/09553002.2025.2560862","DOIUrl":"10.1080/09553002.2025.2560862","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to assess the individual and combined effects of helium-neon laser and ultraviolet (UV) radiation seed priming on the growth, nutritional quality, metabolic activity, and functional properties of sesame sprouts.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Sesame seeds were subjected to helium-neon laser, UV radiation, and a combined UV + laser treatment. Post-priming, sprout growth parameters were measured, along with chlorophyll, carotenoid, and nutrient levels. Enzymatic activities of nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS) were evaluated, as well as the content of amino acids, proteins, lipids, and a range of secondary metabolites. Antioxidant capacity was assessed using the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), the diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and the 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay. Antidiabetic and antimicrobial properties were also examined; along with changes in microbial populations (aerobic plate counts [APCs] and coliforms).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The combined UV + laser treatment significantly increased fresh weight and pigment content. Nitrogen assimilation was enhanced via higher NR and GS activities, leading to increased synthesis of glutamine and glutamate. Radiation priming elevated the levels of proteins, lipids, and secondary metabolites including alkaloids, polyphenols, flavonoids, saponins, and glycosides. Phenolic compounds were especially abundant under the combined treatment, indicating activation of phenylpropanoid and shikimate pathways. Antioxidant potential improved significantly, as did antidiabetic activity through enhanced α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition and a lowered glycemic index. The combined treatment also exhibited the strongest antimicrobial activity and increased counts of APCs and coliforms.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Helium-neon laser and UV radiation seed priming, particularly when combined, promotes sesame sprout growth and enhances nutritional, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial properties. These findings highlight the synergistic potential of abiotic stress priming as a sustainable strategy to improve the functional value of plant sprouts for food and health applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":94057,"journal":{"name":"International journal of radiation biology","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145133180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-irradiation administration of nilestriol promotes hematopoietic recovery but increases early mortality risk and impairs wound healing after total-body irradiation combined with wound trauma.","authors":"Guojian Wang, Xiaofan Lv, Na Zhao, Jining Gao, Xinze Ran, Junping Wang, Shuang Long, Tao Wang","doi":"10.1080/09553002.2025.2561816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09553002.2025.2561816","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Estrogens are frequently employed as radioprotective agents in nuclear emergencies, yet their effects on radiation combined injury (RCI) are poorly understood. This study evaluated the impact of nilestiol on radiation-wound combined injury (R-W-CI).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Mouse models included 6.0 and 8.0 Gy total body irradiation (TBI), 2.0% of the total body surface area (TBSA) skin wound trauma, and R-W-CI (6.0 or 8.0 Gy TBI followed by a 2% TBSA wound). Nilestriol was administered 3 and 1 day pre-injury. The outcomes assessed included 30-day survival, weight changes, peripheral blood analysis, wound closure, bone marrow-derived clonogenic activity, flow cytometric analysis of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, and splenic extramedullary hematopoiesis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Nilestriol significantly improved 30-day survival rate in mice subjected to 8.0 Gy TBI and enhanced hematopoietic recovery in those exposed to 6.0 Gy TBI. In wound-only models, nilestriol suppressed early inflammatory cytokines and impaired wound closure. For R-W-CI model with 8.0 Gy, nilestriol significantly improved the 30-day survival rate but increased the risk of early mortality. For R-W-CI with 6.0 Gy, nilestriol significantly promoted hematopoietic recovery, but led to a significant delay in wound healing by more pronounced inhibitory effects on the early inflammatory response in wounds of R-W-CI. No gender differences were observed in the effects of nilestriol. Additionally, Splenic extramedullary hematopoiesis was inhibited in nilestriol pretreatment groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings suggest that pre-irradiation administration of nilestriol can mitigate R-W-CI effects but requires careful consideration due to potential negative impacts on both systemic and local levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":94057,"journal":{"name":"International journal of radiation biology","volume":" ","pages":"1-15"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145133201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BioMuon experiment (Bioμ): review of studies on biological impact of high-energy muons and research prospects.","authors":"Mikhail Zarubin, Vladimir Pikalov, Albert Gangapshev","doi":"10.1080/09553002.2025.2560882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09553002.2025.2560882","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The biological impact of high-energy muons (1-10⁴ GeV) is insufficiently studied experimentally. However, these elementary particles are of great significance for fundamental and applied research. In this paper, the main types of biological studies related to high-energy muons are outlined and briefly reviewed those in: radiation biophysics performed with muon beams, biological effects of secondary cosmic radiation and low background radiation, radioecology related to the production of cosmogenic isotopes, and also astrobiology and applied research. The lack of progress in this field is linked to technological and methodological limitations. Therefore, we propose to use a combined experimental approach of both deep-underground low-background laboratories (no effects) and high-energy muon beams (intensify effects).The BioMuon experiment (Bioμ) is designed to study the biological impact of high-energy muons on biological organisms and to develop new applications of these elementary particles. Two facilities will be used - the muon beamline of the U-70 Proton Synchrotron (IHEP NRC Kurchatov Institute, Protvino) and the deep-underground low-background laboratory DULB-4900 (Baksan Neutrino Observatory, INR RAS, Neutrino village). Model organisms will be exposed to chronic low-dose irradiation (2 ± 1 GeV muons) and to low-background conditions. The sensitivity and stress responses of model organisms exposed to different radiation conditions will be studied mainly with a highly sensitive transcriptomic technique and interpreted via the comparative transcriptome analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The data systematization has indicated a high scientific interest in biological effects induced by high-energy muons. We hope that the proposed experimental approach will enable scientists to get unique biophysical data.</p>","PeriodicalId":94057,"journal":{"name":"International journal of radiation biology","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145133186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Age-dependent baseline variations in electron spin resonance signals of fingernails.","authors":"Samayeh Azariasl, Hiroshi Yasuda","doi":"10.1080/09553002.2025.2561811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09553002.2025.2561811","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Dosimetry technique using fingernails coupled with electron paramagnetic/spin resonance (EPR or ESR) spectroscopy has gained attention for its potential in radiation dose assessment. This technique detects radiation-induced signals (RIS) within keratin in fingernail; however, variations in background signals (BGS) complicate dose assessments. This study aimed to improve the accuracy of fingernail dosimetry and further develop universal protocols by systematically analyzing BGS intensities in relation to donor ages.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Fingernail samples collected from 12 donors of different ages (11-64 years) were analyzed using an X-band ESR spectrometer before and after water treatment. Selected samples were irradiated with X-rays (160 kV, 6.3 mA) at 5 Gy and 10 Gy, then treated and measured to examine the BGS and RIS intensities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Water treatment significantly reduced BGS intensities of all fingernail samples, decreasing the intra-individual variation from 1.2-8% to 0.2-2.8% and the inter-individual variation from 94% to 36%. A declining trend of post-water-treatment BGS intensity with age was observed, with a notable difference between children and adults. The BGS of toenails showed characteristics similar to those of fingernails. The post-treatment BGS intensities in the irradiated samples were slightly higher than those in the unirradiated ones.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study presented a large variability in the initial BGS intensities of fingernails between children and adults and the potential of toenails as a control sample in fingernail dosimetry. These findings highlight the importance of further comprehensive studies on individual-based fingernail dosimetry and its universal protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":94057,"journal":{"name":"International journal of radiation biology","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145133181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic quality, radiation exposure, and biological damage and responses following exposure at different kv values during pulmonary CT angiography.","authors":"Gürsel Çetinkaya, Mustafa Kayan, Mustafa Saygın, Ayşe Say, Gülşah Çıralı","doi":"10.1080/09553002.2025.2560856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09553002.2025.2560856","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>It is important to reduce the exposure to ionizing radiation, which is increasing due to medical diagnosis and treatments, and to determine the damage in the organism and the biological response to it. We aimed to investigate the radiological and biological effects of dose reduction in computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA), which is increasingly used.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>123 patients who underwent CTPA with suspicion of pulmonary thromboembolism were divided into three groups and imaging was performed at three different kilovolt (kV) values (80, 100 and 120). Diagnostic quality, radiation exposure parameters (effective dose and dose length product [DLP]), oxidative stress parameters such as total oxidant status (TOS), malondialdehyde (MDA), oxidative stress index (OSI) and total antioxidant status (TAS) in pre- and post-scanning blood samples were evaluated. DNA was determined by comet assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>No significant difference was found in terms of diagnostic quality between the three groups (p > .005). Radiation exposure parameters increased statistically significantly in line with the kV values (p < .05). The smallest increase in DNA damage after scan was detected in the group with the 80 kV(p = .001). The increase in TOS, MDA and OSI values after imaging in all three groups was not statistically significant (p > .005). The decrease in TAS values was statistically significant only in groups II and III (p < .005).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>CTPA can be performed at a low kV of 80 kV without loss of diagnostic quality. Unlike the increase in DNA damage as the kV value increased, the increase in oxidative stress parameters was not found to be significant. In addition, the decrease in TAS value was significant only for the 100 kV and 120 kV groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":94057,"journal":{"name":"International journal of radiation biology","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145077010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extracellular vesicles derived from irradiated oral squamous cell carcinoma cells inhibits M2 macrophage polarization by the miR-198-5p/MYD88 axis.","authors":"Xiaoming Du, Mingli Duan, Yongdong Zhang, Ronghua Li","doi":"10.1080/09553002.2025.2498981","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09553002.2025.2498981","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Extracellular vesicle (EV)-mediated delivery of microRNAs (miRNAs) plays a crucial role in intercellular communication between tumor cells and their microenvironment, thereby influencing the response to radiotherapy. This study aims to elucidate the effects of EVs derived from irradiated tumor cells on macrophage polarization in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and to explore the underlying mechanisms involved.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The expression levels of miR-198-5p within EVs isolated from both normoxic and irradiated OSCC cells were quantified. Subsequently, we assessed the impact of these EVs on macrophage polarization by analyzing the expression profiles of M1 and M2 markers. Additionally, bioinformatics analyses were performed to predict potential targets for miR-198-5p, with dual-luciferase assays confirming its interaction with myeloid differentiation primary response 88 (MYD88).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>miR-198-5p was found to be enriched in EVs derived from irradiated OSCC cells (IR-EVs), facilitating its transfer into macrophages. IR-EVs abundant in miR-198-5p inhibited an M2 macrophage polarization phenotype. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that miR-198-5p directly targets MYD88, leading to a reduction in its expression within macrophages. Importantly, overexpression of MYD88 mitigated the inhibitory effect exerted by miR-198-5p-rich IR-EVs on M2 polarization of macrophages.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings indicate that EVs rich in miR-198-5p derived from irradiated OSCC cells inhibit M2 polarization of macrophages through inhibition of MYD88 expression; thus suggesting that encapsulating miR-198-5p within EVs may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for OSCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":94057,"journal":{"name":"International journal of radiation biology","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145076995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis by ESR of quartz in tephric sedimentary sequence at Kamiyoshida, Rokunohe, Aomori, Japan, indicating temporal variation during 20-100 ka of eolian dust from China.","authors":"Karen Okada, Shin Toyoda, Masashi Takada","doi":"10.1080/09553002.2025.2550429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09553002.2025.2550429","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The number of oxygen vacancies in quartz measured by electron spin resonance (ESR) as the intensity of the E₁' center has been used to investigate the provenance of the sediments and has been found to be a good proxy in discussing the direction and intensity of the wind system in the past. While its temporal variations have been examined using marine sediments. The present study aimed to show that terrestrial sediments are also useful for such studies on climate change when it is continuous.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Samples from a continuous tephric loess sequence were examined in the present study. Samples were collected from Kamiyoshida outcrop in Rokunohe Town, Aomori Prefecture, with 5 cm intervals from 110 cm to 420 cm, and a total of 61 samples were analyzed. XRD (X-ray diffraction) analysis was employed to correct the content of quartz in the chemically processed samples.</p><p><strong>Results and conclusions: </strong>Three peaks of the number of oxygen vacancies were observed (15-20, 40-50, and 70-75 ka) for the grain size fractions <2-20, and 20-50 µm. These three peeks look corresponding to the peaks in marine sediments observed in a previous work. During these periods, the amount of eolian dust supplied from the Chinese continent may have been larger, resulting in higher oxygen vacancy values in quartz in both sediments of Sea of Japan and of tephric loess sequence on land. The present results indicate that land sedimentary sequence would be as useful as marine sediments for studying past wind systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":94057,"journal":{"name":"International journal of radiation biology","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145024997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ionizing radiation-induced testicular oxidative stress and apoptosis: the role of small GTPase RhoA.","authors":"Yasar Aysun Manisalıgil, Ayşegül Yurt, Cemre Ural Özkan, Serap Cilaker Mıcılı, Gizem Şişman, Zahide Çavdar, Mukaddes Gümüştekin","doi":"10.1080/09553002.2025.2552248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09553002.2025.2552248","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The effects of ionizing radiation on living organisms are mainly known as the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), apoptosis, and DNA damage. Small GTPases (RhoA, Rac1, Cdc42) are known to have roles in the regulation of oxidative stress and apoptosis. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the RhoA molecule in testicular tissue damage due to oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by ionizing radiation.</p><p><strong>Material and method: </strong>In this study, testicular tissues and blood samples obtained from our previous study were examined. In that study, rats were exposed to ionizing radiation at three different doses (0.02 Gy, 0.1 Gy, 5 Gy). Then tissue and blood samples were taken at three different times (2 hours, 24 hours, and 7 days) after irradiation. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to evaluate RhoA and cleaved caspase-3 expressions, while RhoA activity was assessed by G-LISA assay in testicular tissues. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were analyzed to evaluate oxidative stress.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The expression and activation of RhoA demonstrated a time-dependent increase across all levels of radiation doses. Similarly, the expression of cleaved caspase-3 also exhibited a time-dependent increase, consistent with the effects of radiation-induced damage observed in all experimental groups. After exposure to radiation, serum levels of MDA increased, while the activity of SOD decreased.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings suggest that RhoA may contribute to radiation-induced testicular tissue damage by increasing oxidative stress and apoptosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":94057,"journal":{"name":"International journal of radiation biology","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144984099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ultra-high dose rate protons in clinical irradiation suppress DNA single-strand breaks induction in the below nano-second time scale of physicochemical stages.","authors":"Taisei Mamiya, Tamon Kusumoto, Kenzo Sasai, Nagaaki Kamiguchi, Daizo Amano, Kazuyoshi Kurita, Satoshi Kodaira, Teruaki Konishi","doi":"10.1080/09553002.2025.2548470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09553002.2025.2548470","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study investigated the impact of ultra-high dose rate (UHDR) proton radiotherapy on DNA damage compared to conventional dose rate (CONV) radiotherapy. We hypothesized that the unique physicochemical processes associated with UHDR could lead to a reduction of DNA damage. Thus, the aim of this study is to clarify the time scale of the physicochemical processes in which the suppression of SSBs by UHDR proton irradiation occurs.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Plasmid DNA (pBR322, 4.3 kbp) was irradiated in Tris-HCl solution at three concentrations: 10, 100, and 900 mM. The time-averaged dose rates were 0.1 Gy/s (CONV) and 50 Gy/s (UHDR). Following irradiation, DNA single-strand breaks (SSBs) and double-strand breaks (DSBs) were quantified using agarose gel electrophoresis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A significant reduction in SSB induction was observed only for DNA solution at the highest concentration (900 mM), which corresponds to a scavenging time of approximately 1 ns.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings suggest that the suppression of SSB induction at UHDR is primarily due to rapid radical-radical reactions occurring within the first nano-second after irradiation. This study provides further insights into the potential benefits of UHDR radiotherapy for reducing healthy tissue damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":94057,"journal":{"name":"International journal of radiation biology","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144984054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring radiation-induced fibrosis: biological mechanisms and new frontiers in research and therapeutics.","authors":"Liliane Kreuder, Pierre-Antoine Bissey, Kenneth W Yip, Fei-Fei Liu","doi":"10.1080/09553002.2025.2540353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09553002.2025.2540353","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Radiation-induced fibrosis (RIF) is a significant long-term complication of radiotherapy, affecting many cancer patients months to years after treatment. Characterized by progressive tissue stiffening, loss of elasticity, and impaired organ function, RIF can deleteriously impact a patient's quality of life. Commonly affected sites include the skin, lung, heart, and kidney. Advances in radiotherapy techniques, such as intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), and image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT), have improved the precision of radiation delivery, reducing acute damage to healthy tissues; RIF however, remains a prevalent complication despite these technological advancements. This review explores the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms of RIF, emphasizing fibroblast proliferation, myofibroblast activation, and excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition in its progression. Additionally, this review highlights in vitro and in vivo models that are instrumental in studying RIF and evaluates current therapeutic strategies aimed at mitigating RIF.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Radiation-induced fibrosis continues to affect a considerable number of patients due to the chronic nature of the fibrotic processes, driven by sustained fibroblast activation, ECM accumulation, and inflammatory responses. Newly developed approaches, such as stem cell-based therapies, TGF-<i>β</i> inhibitors, and molecular interventions aimed at ECM regulation, offer promising avenues for mitigating or reversing RIF. Additionally, integrating computational models into clinical practice could enhance personalized treatment planning, enabling better prediction and prevention of RIF in patients. Addressing these challenges is critical for improving the quality of life of patients affected by RIF and improving their outcomes, particularly with the growing population of long-term cancer survivors in the world.</p>","PeriodicalId":94057,"journal":{"name":"International journal of radiation biology","volume":" ","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144984095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}